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从聚苯胺(polyaniline, PANI)的结构特征和导电机理出发,详细叙述了一维有序PANI纳米阵列的优点及各种制备方法,指出了PANI纳米阵列作为超级电容器电极材料的优势。根据电极材料分类,重点综述了PANI阵列结构基与导电高分子材料、碳材料、金属氧化物复合作为超级电容器电极材料的应用情况;讨论了这些电极材料的结构特点、制备方法、提高电化学储能性的机理及上述研究中存在的问题;最后根据存在的问题,提出进一步优化PANI阵列结构基电极材料电化学性能的制备方法与策略,并对未来PANI阵列结构基电极材料在超级电容器的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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轻便灵活的柔性超级电容器在可穿戴和便携式电子储能装置中有着潜在的应用前景。碳材料因具有优异的柔韧性、良好的导电性和较大的比表面积,通常在柔性超级电容器中发挥着柔性基底和导电活性填料的作用。本文首先综述了双电层、赝电容以及混合型超级电容器的储能机理。其次分别介绍了以碳材料作为柔性基底和导电活性填料的最新研究进展。碳材料作为柔性基底复合赝电容材料时,既可以提供大的比表面积,也可为氧化还原反应提供大量活性位点;而作为其他柔性基底的导电活性填料时,既能够改善赝电容材料稳定性的问题,也为电解质离子提供传输通道。文章最后提出了当下柔性超级电容器电极在力学性能、制备方法和评价标准中面临的相关问题。 相似文献
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介绍了碳材料、金属氧化物和导电聚合物及其复合材料等超级电容器电极材料的研究现状,并指出其发展方向是制备性能优异的复合材料和实现材料纳米化。 相似文献
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生物转化过程具有条件温和、过程绿色、产品高值等优势,是未来废弃物高值化利用的重要途径。塑料是人工合成的有机高分子材料,已作为基础材料融入人类生活的方方面面。而海量剧增的废弃塑料已造成严重的环境污染与资源浪费。由于废弃塑料组分复杂、降解能垒高、胁迫因子多、回收经济性差,单一的生物技术尚无法对其进行即时处理,因此,基于学科交叉与过程集成,综合利用多种废塑料回收技术,建立多元化、个性化、交叉化的塑料回收新路线成为提升我国废弃塑料资源回收与利用水平、发展循环经济的重要途径。本文以生物技术为核心,综述了目前生物-物理、生物-化学以及生物-信息等技术交叉在塑料废弃物回收方面的研究进展,并针对性地分析了学科交叉研究中存在的瓶颈,探讨了未来亟需攻克的技术难点,以期为废塑料的高效回收利用提供新的思路和理论指导。 相似文献
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塑料由于材质轻、化学性质稳定、成本低、耐磨性及耐腐蚀性好等优点被广泛应用于工程建设、食品安全、交通运输以及医疗等领域,如果处理不当会对环境造成严重的污染,废塑料污染防治已成为全球关注的环境问题。目前处理废旧塑料的常用方法有风选法、浮选法、静电分离法和光选法等,摩擦电选作为一种新型干式分选方法越来越受到研究者们的重视,其具有工艺简单、污染小、投资少、成本低等优点。本工作针对废旧塑料的分选回收利用,详细介绍了摩擦电选的荷电机理、影响因素、荷电装置和分选设备的研究现状,指出了目前通过摩擦电选回收废旧塑料的技术问题,并对摩擦电选技术未来的发展趋势和应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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综述了利用区块链技术进行废旧塑料的回收.使用区块链技术建立的塑料银行可以激励人们自发地回收废旧塑料.废旧塑料的回收流程大多是线下的,监管困难,使用区块链技术可以使用户在区块链上查询全流程的回收数据,便于监管.在废旧塑料的分选和利用方面,介绍了聚乙烯和聚丙烯的分选,聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯与聚氯乙烯混合固体塑料的分选.废旧塑料... 相似文献
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随着塑料制品使用量的增加,难以自然降解的废旧塑料对生态环境造成严重污染.废旧塑料资源再生循环利用为废旧塑料无害化、减量化、资源化处理开辟了新途径.国内外对废旧塑料的资源再生循环利用投入大量的人力、物力,并针对废旧塑料资源再生循环利用发布了相关政策,相关部门研究开发了各类废旧塑料回收利用技术,不仅有利于提升废旧塑料的经济... 相似文献
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Meltem Okan Halil Murat Aydin Murat Barsbay 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2019,94(1):8-21
The mass production of polymer products, in particular plastics, and their widespread use depending on the inherent advantages they have, make these materials ironically a threat to life on Earth. Polymer recycling is being considered as one of the most widely accepted remedies to the threat of growing amounts of plastic waste by both the public and scientists. In practice, recycling is associated with many difficulties, such as problems related to separation, sorting and cleaning operations, lack of fiscal subsidies, instability of selective garbage separation programs, high transport and electricity costs, etc. Still, a large section of society and the authorities agree on the necessity and importance of recycling to protect the environment, and natural habitats and resources for future generations in a balanced manner to conserve raw materials, and to reduce energy consumption, municipal solid waste production and greenhouse gas emission. The recycling effort is almost endless in itself and includes a variety of approaches such as refurbishing, mechanically reshaping, chemically treating, thermally utilizing, etc. Some novel approaches such as application in carbon capture or synthesis of carbon nanostructures from the plastic waste are among the new process technologies of recycling. From traditional and promising polymer waste utilization approaches, this review will highlight sustainable methods to reduce impacts of plastic waste on the environment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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《国际聚合物材料杂志》2012,61(3-4):185-196
Abstract The tremendous expansion in the use of plastics as a packaging material in the 1960s, brought with it problems of garbage disposal and littering. The growing concern and awareness of pollution and other aspects of ecology, led plastics technologists and scientific workers to inquire into the possibilities of accelerated destruction of plastic waste. This was in contrast to previous industrial endeavours to prolong the service life of its products. Less than a decade later, it seems clear that, rather than cause the degradation and subsequent disintegration of the plastic materials, it is obligatory to conserve the material resources by recycling, regenerating or by reconstitution. Moreover, the thermal energy that can be recovered from plastics by burning is a considerable asset. Even if this were not so, it is a debatable point if induced accelerated degradability would be commercially attractive except for specific applications such as the one discussed here. 相似文献
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PE(聚乙烯)是产量最大的通用塑料之一,具有很多应用的优点,是制造地膜、包装用膜、电线电缆塑料软管等材料的原材料。也是塑料行业研究领域上的一个大热点。从PE废塑料的生产现状及应用进展出发,介绍了PE废塑料常用再生方式和存在的问题,并提出未来的发展方向。 相似文献
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国外废旧家电塑料回收与利用技术的发展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
针对我国废旧家电报废量与日俱增、先进的回收与利用技术欠缺的现状,概述了国外废旧空调、电视机、电冰箱、洗衣机等4种废旧家电塑料材料回收与再生技术,以及工艺流程,尤其介绍了分离方法;介绍了4种典型家电中的塑料含量、回收和利用水平;展望了未来家电塑料再生利用技术的发展方向,期待我国废旧家电的回收与利用技术的发展从中有所借鉴。 相似文献
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Industrial prototypes for the pyrolysis of used tyres and waste plastic materials . The increasing amounts of old tyres and waste plastics are creating problems regarding their disposal and recycling. Such wastes, however, can be converted by pyrolysis into almost residue-free organic raw materials. Various processes, particularly for the pyrolysis of old tyres, are described which have been tested in Japan, the USA, Great Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany. In indirectly heated fluidized sand beds whole automobile tyres can be decomposed to give up to 20 wt-% gas, 30 wt-% aromatics, 40 wt-% carbon black, and 10 wt-% steel scrap. 相似文献