Should Teenagers Do Housework?

<正>Recently I’ve had a discussion with my classmates about whether teenagers should do housework. Some students say that many parents don’t let their daughters or sons do anything,because they hope that their children have more time for lessons so that they can go to university and then have good jobs. Some of us think that it’s a waste of time. Some think     

Should Teenagers Go Out with Friends on Weekends?

<正>Recently I’ve had a discussion with my parents about whether teenagers should go out with friends on weekends.My parents think that teenagers should stay at home on weekends.They should review their lessons and finish their homework.And they should have enough time to have a good sheep.They also think teenagers should help parents do some housework on weekends.     

Why Parents Drive Children to School: Implications for Safe Routes to School Programs

Problem: Rates of walking and bicycling to school have declined sharply in recent decades, and federal and state governments have committed funds to reverse these trends. To increase rates of walking and biking to school will require understanding why many parents choose to drive their children to school and how well existing programs, like Safe Routes to School, work.

Purpose: We aimed to understand why many parents choose to drive their children even short distances to school, and what implications this has for programs to increase walking and biking to school.

Methods: We used data from a telephone survey to explore why parents drive their children to school.

Results and conclusions: We found that 75% of parents driving their children less than 2 miles to school said they did this for convenience and to save time. Nearly half of parents driving their children less than 2 miles did not allow their child to walk to school without adult supervision. Accompanying a child on a walk to school greatly increases the time the household devotes to such a trip. Few Safe Routes to School programs effectively address issues of parental convenience and time constraints.

Takeaway for practice: Safe Routes to School programs should take parental convenience and time constraints into account by providing ways children can walk to school supervised by someone other than the parent, such as by using walking school buses. To be effective, such programs need institutional support. Schools should take a multimodal approach to pupil transportation.

Research support: This research was funded by the Active Living Research program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the U.S. and California Departments of Transportation through the University of California Transportation Center.     

探析施工图审查的过程控制和体会

施工图审查含政策性与技术性审查。按政府有关文件与设计规范,做好工作流程各环节的过程质量控制,抓住合同评审、收件、人力资源配置、意见记录单、修改与复审、出件与归档、重大变更等管理点,总结提高,防止类似问题的再发生,建立有效的质保体系,以"品质"与"服务"为主线,及时交付合格的施工图审查成品。     

Parental marital dissolution and the intergenerational transmission of homeownership

Abstract

Children of homeowners are more likely to enter homeownership than are children whose parents rent. We investigate whether this association is dependent on parental divorce, focusing on parental assistance as a conduit of intergenerational transmission. Event history analyses of data for England and Wales from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) show that the intergenerational transmission of homeownership is stronger for children of divorced parents compared with children of married parents. Such an effect may arise from two channels: (1) children of divorced parents are more in need of parental assistance due to socio-economic disadvantages associated with parental divorce; and (2) compared with married parents, divorced homeowning parents (mothers) rely more on housing wealth, rather than financial wealth, for assisting children. Findings support both explanations. Children of divorced parents are furthermore less likely to co-reside. We find limited evidence that when they do, co-residence is less conductive to homeownership compared with children from married parents.     

Public knowing of risk and children's independent mobility

Risk is major factor that influences parent decision-making about whether they let their children go places by themselves. However, there is a paucity of research about how risk is conceived. This paper presents research that identified parents’, local government general managers’, and regulatory document conceptions about different dimensions of risk, and how these may be influenced by worry and expert knowledge. These dimensions included views on the environment, children's competence, probability of adverse situations occurring, number and potential long-term impacts if adverse situations were encountered. The research also examined how the views of parents, local government general managers, and regulatory documents interacted to create a public knowing of risk that limits children's independent mobility (CIM). The results indicate that children had limited independent mobility. This was supported by narrow views of children's places and promotion of adult surveillance. Parents were more concerned about externally imposed situations representing deliberate harm by others rather than everyday type situations. Parents’ views were reflected by a variety of regulatory documents that positioned children as vulnerable to many adverse situations leading to potential longterm damage. While, general managers thought children should be permitted to use public space by themselves, they balanced their views with perceptions of parent and community tolerance for children in public space, and the regulatory environment in which they worked. Fieldwork was conducted in the western suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. It comprised a questionnaire completed by 160 parents, interviews with three general managers, and analysis of 237 regulatory documents from multiple levels of government.     

Parents’ housing careers and support for adult children across Europe

Abstract

Housing careers have important consequences for individuals’ well-being. The present study focuses on the role of parents’ housing careers in affecting the way and extent to which they provide economic support to their adult children. By adopting a family life course perspective, it shows that while housing tenure has relatively little effect on parents’ transfer behaviour, mobility between different tenures can elicit or suppress intergenerational support; moreover, the quality of the house positively affects intergenerational co-residence. Support received to acquire a home along one’s life course has an important demonstration effect: those parents who have received their home as a gift or have received economic support for buying it are more prone to provide help to their adult children. The empirical results do not allow to identify macro-contextual conditions that shape the effect of parents’ housing careers on intergenerational support, but they show that the demonstration effect plays only a marginal role in Southern Europe.     

探讨中国环境设计水平与国际的差距

通过纵观近年来环境艺术设计的现状,发现我国与国外环境设计的艺术水平相比还存在一定的问题和差距。指出只有社会各方面都重视设计环节,把从国外学习借鉴先进的东西与本土特色民族文化有机结合,才能尽快提高设计水平,使我国的设计和建筑真正跟上国际步伐。     

Play

<正>Everyone likes playing.I also like it.But our parents don’t want us to play games and they want us to study.We need a lot of free time,playtime,etc.Playing is children’s nature.We can’t grow up well without playing.When we play,we can know how to be together with others,     

My Favorite School Life

<正>My school life has changed a lot since this term.We don’t need to get to school early.We begin our lessons at eight o’clock.We have four classes in the morning and two ones in the afternoon.After the second class in the morning,we do eye exercise and morning exercise.School is over after the second class in the afternoon.We can do different kinds of sports.