碳酸钙改性PBAT的力学性能及结晶行为

以可生物降解塑料聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)为基体、工业级CaCO₃为填料,采用熔融共混制备PBAT/CaCO₃复合材料。探究CaCO₃含量对复合材料力学性能和结晶行为的影响,并且,筛选出综合力学性能较好的PBAT/CaCO₃复合材料。力学性能测试结果表明,添加少量CaCO₃(5%、10%)后,PBAT/CaCO₃复合材料的拉伸强度有小幅降低,断裂伸长率和冲击强度增大;当CaCO₃含量达到20%及以上时,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度均显著降低,与纯PBAT相比,最大降幅分别为36.40%、60.00%、87.42%;弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸模量均随CaCO₃含量的增加而增大。DSC结果表明,添加CaCO₃后,PBAT/CaCO₃复合材料的熔融和结晶温度均显著提高,结晶度降低,透明性降低。     

SIVO408改性硅灰石在聚丙烯树脂中的应用研究

文章采用低聚短链烷基硅烷SIVO408对硅灰石进行表面改性,然后与聚丙烯树脂(PP)熔融共混制备PP树脂基复合材料,研究了改性硅灰石的填充份数对PP树脂基复合材料的密度、熔体流动速率、热变形温度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量等性能的影响。结果表明：改性硅灰石的加入增大了PP树脂基复合材料的密度,与纯PP树脂相比,填充30份改性硅灰石的PP树脂基复合材料的密度从0.898 g/cm³增大到1.049 g/cm³;显著改善了PP树脂基复合材料的热性能,硅灰石添加份数为20份时其热变形温度达到最高值82.5℃,升高了9.9℃(13.6%)。重要的是,改性硅灰石在高填充量的情况下基本不会影响PP树脂基复合材料的加工流动性和拉伸强度,明显提高了PP树脂基复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量,硅灰石添加份数为25份时PP树脂基复合材料的弯曲强度达到最大值35.890 MPa,增加了3.5410 MPa(10.9%),硅灰石添加份数为30份时PP树脂基复合材料的弯曲模量最大为1 709.50 MPa,增加了435.40 MPa(34.2%)。     

PP/Mg(OH)2/CaCO3/POP无卤阻燃体系的研究

研究了纳米碳酸钙(CaCO₃)和无卤阻燃剂六苯氧基环三磷腈(POP)对聚丙烯(PP)/氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)₂)复合材料力学性能和燃烧性能的影响。结果表明:保持无机粒子总量90份,随着纳米 CaCO₃含量的增加,材料的力学性能先提高后降低,在其含量为40份时达到最佳值。POP 的加入可减少 Mg(OH)₂用量,同时可进一步提高 PP/Mg(OH)₂复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能,当 POP 用量为8份时,复合材料的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度、冲击强度和氧指数分别可达264.76%、22.34 MPa、48.65 kJ/m~2、28.2%。     

无机填料粒径对口模拉伸PP/CaCO3复合材料性能的影响

通过口模拉伸技术制备了高模、高强、轻质的聚丙烯/碳酸钙(PP/CaCO₃)复合材料,分析了无机填料CaCO₃粒径对口模拉伸制品微观结构、热性能、密度、力学性能的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)结果表明口模拉伸过程中存在拉伸应力诱导熔融再结晶机制,粒径较小的PP/CaCO₃复合材料制品的结晶度越高,结晶结构更完善。扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明,CaCO₃颗粒附近形成有沿拉伸方向的细长微孔,PP分子链段与片晶沿拉伸方向取向形成微纤结构,且CaCO₃粒径越小,微纤排列越致密。口模拉伸后材料的密度降低,粒径越大密度降低效果越显著。微纤结构的形成提高了材料的力学性能,当填料粒径最小为1 250目时,PP/CaCO₃复合材料制品的拉伸强度和弯曲模量分别为112.9 MPa和5.05 GPa,其密度仅为0.87 g/cm³,材料的力学性能表现最佳。     

复合偶联剂改性碳酸钙对PBAT性能的影响

以聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)为基材,以改性碳酸钙(CaCO₃)为填料,采用熔融共混吹膜方式制备PBAT/改性CaCO₃复合材料,研究改性CaCO₃对PBAT薄膜性能的影响。结果表明：改性CaCO₃的加入提高复合材料的结晶温度、熔融温度以及结晶度。采用2%硅烷偶联剂和2%硬脂酸复配改性CaCO₃,PBAT/改性CaCO₃复合材料(M-4)结晶度最高且力学性能优异,横纵向拉伸强度分别为26.51 MPa和36.07 MPa;横纵向断裂伸长率分别为839.33%和462.44%;横纵向直角撕裂负荷分别为2.10和3.07;横纵向直角撕裂强度分别为101.40和136.01。2%铝酸酯和2%硬脂酸复配改性的CaCO₃提升复合材料的水蒸气阻隔性能,复合材料的水蒸气透过率较纯PBAT降低40.09%,水蒸气透过系数降低47.54%。加入改性CaCO₃,复合材料的储能模量、损耗模量和复数黏度均有所提高。     

滑石、CaCO3、BaSO4填充PP复合材料力学性能及界面相互作用对比

以3种白色矿物粉体［颗粒状CaCO₃、BaSO₄,片层状滑石（talc）］为填料,聚丙烯（PP）为基体树脂,通过熔融共混法制备PP复合材料,研究3种矿物粉体在不同含量时对PP复合材料的力学性能、流动性能与断裂形貌的影响规律,并采用Turcasanyi半经验公式计算了矿物填料与PP复合材料力学性能界面相互作用。结果表明,3种矿物粉体的加入均降低了PP的拉伸强度,PP/talc复合材料的拉伸强度明显高于PP/CaCO₃ 与PP/BaSO₄,且talc的加入明显增强了PP的拉伸模量与弯曲模量;CaCO₃ 与BaSO₄的加入使复合材料弯曲强度降低,talc的加入使复合材料弯曲强度提高;CaCO₃对PP断裂伸长率与悬臂梁缺口冲击强度的提升最为明显;talc的加入使复合材料流动性能得到提高,而颗粒状的CaCO₃与BaSO₄的加入对加工性能影响较小;CaCO₃ 与BaSO₄在PP中均存在一定团聚现象,且与PP相容性较差,存在明显界面缺陷;talc与PP间界面较模糊,二者之间有较强的黏结作用。     

热处理对PPR/纳米TiO2复合材料力学性能的影响

制备了无规共聚聚丙烯(PPR)/纳米TiO₂复合材料，并研究了热处理对复合材料力学性能和断口形貌的影响。结果表明：使用4%(w)经硅铝复合包膜改性后的纳米TiO₂可大幅提高PPR的力学性能，复合材料的拉伸强度由未改性的24.0 MPa提高到36.5 MPa，断裂伸长率由未改性的45%提高到90%；热处理可消除复合材料内部热应力，促进结晶的完善，有效改善PPR/纳米TiO₂复合材料的拉伸性能及弯曲性能，热处理最佳温度为120℃，最佳时间为40 min，在此条件下，复合材料的拉伸强度及弯曲强度增幅分别达33.8%,35.9%。     

聚丙烯/碳酸钙复合材料改性研究

进行了碳酸钙对聚丙烯(PP)的填充改性研究,结果表明:随1%(质量分数)钛酸酯偶联剂表面处理的碳酸钙用量增加,PP/碳酸钙复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量等逐渐增加,碳酸钙质量分数为20%时,得到了综合性能较好的PP/碳酸钙复合材料;随聚烯烃弹性体(POE)用量增加,PP/碳酸钙/POE复合材料的冲击强度逐渐增加,而拉伸强度、弯曲模量均逐渐降低,5份POE使复合材料达到较好的刚性和韧性的平衡;1份表面光亮剂能使PP/碳酸钙复合材料达到较好的表面光亮度.     

增容剂对PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO_3复合材料性能与形态的影响

采用熔融混合法制备了PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO3复合材料,并利用万能试验机、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了PP-g-MAH含量对PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO3复合材料力学性能、结晶性能与界面形态的影响。结果表明:随着增容剂PP-g-MAH含量的增加,PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO3复合材料的拉伸强度从25.7 MPa增加到32.0 MPa,弯曲强度从34.7 MPa增大到41.2 MPa;结晶温度则先增大后逐渐减小,当PP-g-MAH含量为2%时结,晶温度为123.9℃,结晶度为44.7%;而断裂伸长率和冲击强度逐渐减小。     

PP/纳米ZnO的紫外光老化性能

将纳米ZnO(nano-ZnO)用钛酸酯偶联剂表面处理后制备聚丙烯(PP)/nano-ZnO复合材料。研究了nano-ZnO含量对复合材料耐老化性能的影响。nano-ZnO可明显改善PP树脂的紫外光老化性能。当w(nano-ZnO)为3%时,复合材料老化前后的性能差和纯PP树脂老化前后的性能差分别为:拉伸强度1.9 MPa和3.1 MPa、断裂伸长率为29.0%和66.7%、缺口冲击强度为1.1 kJ/m~2和2.9 kJ/m~2、无缺口冲击强度为1.5 kJ/m~2和3.2 kJ/m~2、球压痕硬度为4.8 MPa和5.8 MPa、维卡软化温度为3.3℃和7.0℃。     

Compact Swelling in Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr2Ca2Cu3.6Oy During the Formation of High-Tc Superconducting Phase

Compact swelling in Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor has been studied by observing the effects of the size of calcined powders, volatilization of materials, and sintering of high- T _c (2223) powders. The bulk density increases at the early stage of sintering, for about 20 h, and then decreases. Densification occurs when the low- T _c (2212) phase and a liquid phase exist, whereas dedensification occurs with the formation of the 2223 phase regardless of the presence of the liquid. Gas evolution from specimens does not appear to be responsible for compact swelling. Compact swelling is explained by anisotropic growth of thin, platelike 2223 grains in random orientation. When 2223 grains grow in a preferred direction, compact swelling is suppressed.     

Synthetic routes to nanoscale BxCyNz architectures

B_xC_yN_z nanoscale materials, hybrids of h-BN and graphite, have been recently synthesised using various techniques. Here, we present the latest advances in the synthesis and characterisation of B-C-N nanotubes and nanofibres. In particular, we focus on layered BC₂N, BN, BC and CN_x systems, reviewing their production methods as well as their structural and electronic properties. These materials may find important applications in the fabrication of nanotransistors, robust nanocomposites, conducting polymers, storage components and field emission sources.     

Microwave Dielectric Properties of CaTiO3-CaAl1/2Nb1/2O3 Ceramics Doped with Li3NbO4

The microwave dielectric properties of CaTi_{1− x} (Al_1/2Nb_1/2) _x O₃ solid solutions (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) have been investigated. The sintered samples had perovskite structures similar to CaTiO₃. The substitution of Ti⁴⁺ by Al³⁺/Nb⁵⁺ improved the quality factor Q of the sintered specimens. A small addition of Li₃NbO₄ (about 1 wt%) was found to be very effective for lowering sintering temperature of ceramics from 1450–1500° to 1300°C. The composition with x = 0.5 sintered at 1300°C for 5 h revealed excellent dielectric properties, namely, a dielectric constant (ɛ_r) of 48, a Q × f value of 32 100 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τ_f) of −2 ppm/K. Li₃NbO₄ as a sintering additive had no harmful influence on τ_f of ceramics.     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Structure Evolution from Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 to La(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3

The crystal structure of lanthanum-modified lead magnesium niobates having composition (Pb_{1− x} La _x ) (Mg_{(1+ x )/3}-Nb_{(2− x )/3})O₃ with X = 0 to 1 was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction. It was found that the fundamental reflections from perovskite structure remain in the whole range of composition. The superlattice reflections from the A(B'_1/2-B"_1/2)O₃ ordered structure are also well preserved for La content greater than 50 at.%; however, a series of extra peaks of mixing indices appears, with intensities gradually enhanced with the increase of La content. For the complete substitution of Pb by La, a splitting of some reflections can be observed in the diffraction pattern. The results indicate that the crystal structure evolves continuously with the La content, from disordered cubic perovskite of space group Pm 3 m for X = 0, to ordered cubic perovskite of space group Fm 3 m for X = 0.5, distorted cubic perovskite of space group Pa 3 for 0.5 < X < 0.9, and finally to a rhombohedral perovskite, possibly belonging to the space group R 3 , for X ≥ 0.9. In the evolution of structure, a linear reduction of the lattice constant of the perovskite cell from 4.048 to 3.964 Å was observed.     

Dielectric-State Analysis in Solid-Solution Pb(Yb1/2Ta1/2)O3–Pb(Lu1/2Nb1/2)O3

The structure and temperature dependence of complex lead perovskite dielectrics were investigated for the system (1 − x )Pb(Yb_1/2Ta_1/2)O₃– x Pb(Lu_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃. Superlattice reflections for the compositions 0.8 < x < 1.0 were observed by X-ray diffractometry, and the temperature-composition dielectric-state diagram was determined. In the present study, the disordered middle composition, with 0.2 < x < 0.8, showed a diffuse paraelectric–ferroelectric phase transition, whereas the ordered end compositions, with 0 ≤ x < 0.2 and 0.8 < x ≤ 1.0, revealed successive sharp paraelectric–antiferroelectric and weak antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase transitions. The dielectric state was confirmed by examining the variation of polarization ( P ) with electric field ( E ).