螺旋构件强化排液的泡沫分离塔用于牛血清蛋白分离

引言 泡沫分离技术又称泡沫吸附分离技术[1],是以气泡作为分离介质,利用被分离组分在气液两相界面吸附性质的差异进行浓缩溶液中表面活性组分.在泡沫分离过程中,通过空气分布器在泡沫塔液相中产生气泡,气泡沿着轴向向上流动,被分离表面活性组分吸附在气泡的气液两相界面上,当吸附接近平衡后,气泡离开液相,在液相上方形成泡沫相.     

泡沫排液采气技术在现场的应用

天然气井随着生产时间延长,地层能量下降,出液量增加,液体滑脱严重,排液能力较差。利用KY-2001抗油泡沫排水剂进行现场试验,取得了明显的排液增气效果。     

倾斜泡沫相的角度及长度对泡沫分离十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的影响

为了强化泡沫相排液,采用倾斜泡沫相分离塔,以传统垂直泡沫相分离塔为对照塔,以表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为体系,研究倾斜泡沫相倾斜角度和长度对富集比和回收率的影响。结果表明,倾斜角度和倾斜泡沫相长度对泡沫分离效率有显著影响。富集比随倾斜角度的增大先升高后降低,在倾斜角度为40°时达到最大值,回收率先降低后升高,在40°时达到最小值。随着倾斜泡沫相长度的增加,富集比的增加率和回收率的降低率都趋于平缓,确定倾斜泡沫相长度为650 mm。在最佳倾斜角度和倾斜泡沫相长度,装液量为250 mL、初始浓度为0.07 g·L-1、气体流量为200 mL·min-1时,倾斜泡沫相分离塔的富集比为16.7,是对照垂直泡沫相分离塔的1.8倍。     

对泡沫排液采气技术的一点认识

泡沫排液采气技术是药剂生产中的重要技术,掌握这一生产技术为工业生产过程服务是培训职工生产技术的必要手段。     

泡沫排液技术在高含油积液气井的应用

随着衰竭式开发的加深,由于地层压力下降,举升能量降低,以致气井产量达不到临界携液流量,井筒积液严重。气井积液已经严重影响到气井的正常生产和气田产能发挥。泡沫排液采气技术具有施工容易、见效快、成本低等优点,对积液严重的凝析气井具有更重要的意义。本文结合两种新型适用于高含凝析油井(20%～90%)的泡排剂的现场应用,简述了该工艺的基本原理,分析了通过应用该工艺取得的经验和认识。     

泡沫相塔壁对泡沫分离牛血清蛋白分离性能的影响

In order to enhance foam drainage, the column with an inner sleeve in the foam phase was designed for studying effect of the column wall of foam phase on foam separation performances using bovine serum albumin(BSA) as the research system. The effects of the wall on the liquid holdup out of the top column, bubble size, enrichment and recovery percentage were investigated. The results indicated that the experimental column with the inner sleeve decreased the liquid holdup, accelerated the coarsening and coalescence of bubbles and increased enrichment of BSA compared the contrasted column without the inner sleeve. Under the conditions of the initial concentration 0.2 g?L-1 of BSA, air flow rate 400 ml?min-1, the experimental column achieved up to a 2.06 fold increase in enrichment compared to the contrasted column. The enrichment of BSA increased with the increase of inner sleeve length. Channel theoretical analysis showed that the ratio of exterior channels to interior channels increased with the increase of bubble diameter. So the experiment column obtained the better performances at the lower concentration and the lower air flow rate. The better performances obtained by experimental column showed that the drainage rate of plateau borders on wall was greater than that of plateau borders between bubbles. So the inner sleeve provided more plateau borders on wall and improved foam drainage.     

纳米粘土分散液用于PU泡沫阻燃

据英国政府下属的研究结构——法拉第塑料制品实验室介绍,纳米粘土分散液能大大增加聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能,即使在含很少或不含氯系或磷系阻燃剂时也有阻燃效果。目前该机构正与政府商谈进一步研究事宜。 由于粘土有较大的长宽比,因此有明显的阻隔性能,从     

SiO2纳米颗粒对水相泡沫稳定性的影响

采用SiO_2纳米颗粒分别与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、非离子表面活性剂十二烷基醇聚氧乙烯（3）醚（AEO-3）复配制备水相泡沫,研究了发泡体积、半衰期和微观结构的变化规律,以揭示SiO_2纳米颗粒对水相泡沫稳定性的影响机理。结果表明,在表面活性剂质量分数一定的条件下,随着纳米颗粒质量分数的增加,泡沫稳定性逐渐增强,当纳米颗粒质量分数为0.3%时,发泡体积达最大值,含气率分别为78.9%,78.4%和78.8%。与单组分质量分数分别为0.3%,0.3%和15%的SDS、CTAB、AEO-3体系相比,发泡体积未受影响,半衰期分别为9.0,8.2和360?min,提高了20%,28.1%和71.4%,泡沫的稳定性得到了不同程度的改善。     

凝析气藏高效泡沫排液工艺技术研究与应用

泡沫排水是一种工艺简单、经济有效的排液采气工艺技术,针对采油三厂凝析气藏,研制出一种抗凝析的、排水效果好的高效泡排剂,在现场选井实施泡排工艺,有效率85％以上,取得明显的增气效果。     

含纳米颗粒的泡沫体系及其在水力压裂中的研究进展

阐述了纳米颗粒与表面活性剂之间通过协同作用减缓液膜排液、气泡并聚与破裂、泡沫粗化的衰变过程;简述了不同表面活性剂与纳米颗粒在稳定泡沫机理上的异同;综述了纳米颗粒浓度和亲疏水性对不同表面活性剂泡沫流体性能的影响;分析发现纳米颗粒的加入使泡沫压裂液体系性能得到改善。提出对纳米颗粒稳泡机理、表面活性、改性修饰、稳定性的研究是今后的重要探索方向,最后对纳米颗粒未来在泡沫压裂液中的应用进行了展望。     

Dispersed air flotation and foam fractionation for the recovery of microalgae in the production of biodiesel

Microalgae biomass has great potential for being used as feedstock for the sustainable production of biodiesel, as it is able to produce 7–31 times more oil than the top terrestrial crop. It is a green alternative to the currently utilized energy sources as it can reduce CO, CO₂ and hydrocarbon emissions. However, downstream processing costs for the dilute biomass are a major challenge. Foam flotation has been recently investigated for the recovery of microalgae cells from dilute liquid suspensions. A number of variables on the effectiveness of foam flotation for microalgae have been investigated, which include surfactant type and concentration, cell concentration, pH, hydrophobicity, time, growth stage, flow rate, ionic strength, alkalinity, temperature, bubble size, and column size. It appears to be a promising method for the recovery of algae for biofuel production, as a result of the high removal recoveries, good enrichment ratios, ability to process large volumes of biomass, and its ease of operation. However, literature on this subject is scarce, and there are research gaps that should be investigated including characterization of microalgae cells and impact on foam separation and the effect of surfactant as a treatment prior to lipid extraction.     

纳米颗粒作为稳泡剂泡沫分离酪蛋白的工艺

为了增强乳制品废水中低浓度酪蛋白（casein,CS）的泡沫性能进而提高其泡沫分离效果,首先采用十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱（dodecyl dimethyl betaine,BS12）改性疏水二氧化硅纳米颗粒（silica nanoparticle,SNP）,以制备接触角为61.6°±3.1°的部分疏水二氧化硅纳米颗粒（BS12-SNP）,分别从静态和动态泡沫性能两个角度来研究BS12-SNP作为稳泡剂的功效。实验结果表明,BS12-SNP作为稳泡剂可以抑制泡沫排液和泡沫聚并,进而增强20.0～60.0mg/L酪蛋白的泡沫稳定性。与不添加BS12-SNP相比,添加BS12-SNP后的酪蛋白废水泡沫半衰期最大可提高6.5倍。泡沫分离实验表明,在BS12-SNP浓度50mg/L、气速250mL/min、装液量500mL的条件下,上述浓度范围内的酪蛋白回收率最高可达94.2%,此时富集比为12.3。本文开发了一种表面功能化纳米颗粒代替表面活性剂的泡沫分离工艺,实现了废水中酪蛋白的有效回收。     

On the drift‐flux analysis of flotation and foam fractionation processes

Drift‐flux analyses are a common way of estimating the phase fractions and fluxes in vertical multiphase flows. However their use has had scant impact on the flotation and foam fractionation communities despite the publication of a number of such analyses over the past two decades. By recognizing that the physics that underpin the hydrodynamics of the froth are dissimilar to those that pertain to the bubbly liquid beneath, we present a drift‐flux analysis with two characteristic curves. A method for obtaining the characteristic curve for the froth from experimental data for the drainage of stationary foams is presented.     

大豆蛋白废水中乳清蛋白的泡沫分离实验

采用泡沫分离法回收大豆蛋白废水中蛋白,考察了pH值、气体的流速、进料浓度、液柱和泡沫层高度等因素对分离效果的影响.低进气速度、高泡沫层高度、适当的pH值以及低进料浓度有利于较好的分离.结果表明:当进料浓度为0.54 g/L、pH值为5、泡沫层与液池高度比4∶1,通气量为15.0 L/h 时,富集比可以达到3.25;当进料浓度为0.54 g/L、pH值为5、泡沫层与液池高度比3∶1,通气量为15.0 L/h,此时脱除率可以达到48.5%.     

纳米TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶 凝胶法制备了纳米级TiO2颗粒,通过甲苯在样品上的光催化氧化过程评价了样品的光催化活性。考察了制备过程中的焙烧温度对样品颗粒的晶型、粒径和光催化性能的影响。X射线衍射结果表明,焙烧温度低于500℃时得到的样品都是锐钛矿型TiO2,700℃下得到的已基本是金红石型;随着焙烧温度的升高样品的粒径增大,光催化活性下降;甲苯在TiO2上的气相光催化氧化符合一级反应规律。     

泡沫金属结构对排水性能的影响

泡沫金属具有超大比表面积,应用在除湿领域有很大潜力;保证泡沫金属表面冷凝液滴的及时排出是开发泡沫金属除湿换热器的关键,因此必须明确泡沫金属的排水性能。通过动态浸入实验,研究了3种不同润湿性下泡沫金属结构特性对排水性能的影响。研究结果表明：泡沫金属的孔密度越大,孔隙率越低,重力方向高度越大,排水性越差;疏水改性下5~40PPI泡沫金属的排水性能增强,残余水量减少26%~60%;亲水改性下5~10PPI泡沫金属的排水性能增强,残余水量最多降低23%,但15~40PPI泡沫金属的排水性能减弱,残余水量最多增大13%。     

Concentration and separation of glycyrrhizic acid by foam separation

By the aid of the surface activities of glycyrrhizic acid, foam separation can be used to extract and concentrate it. The effects of operating parameters such as flow rate of air, initial feed concentration, pH and ionic strength on the enrichment ratio and recovery yield of glycyrrhizic acid are investigated in detail. In addition, the influences of other surface‐active substances in solution, such as proteins, on the separation of glycyrrhizic acid are also discussed. The experimental results show that foam separation is a simple and effective method to separate and concentrate glycyrrhizic acid. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

泡沫分离法脱除铜离子色素工艺

在水溶液中,相当一部分色素在一定条件下带正电荷或负电荷,因此文中以水溶液中的铜离子为色素研究体系,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为起泡剂,探索泡沫分离法脱除水溶液中离子色素的工艺。单因素实验研究了铜离子色素脱除率和富集比随pH值、鼓泡气体流量、表面活性剂质量浓度及泡沫塔装液量的变化规律和机理,结果表明,十二烷基硫酸钠对泡沫分离法脱除铜离子色素具有良好的效果。在此基础上通过正交实验得到最佳操作工艺为:pH值5.0,气体流量80 mL/min,表面活性剂质量浓度0.15 g/L,装液量220 mL,此工艺下铜离子色素脱除率为99.4%,富集比为20.8。     

组合用药提高黄铁矿浮选回收率

为提高金山店矿黄铁矿浮选回收率，对其浮选药剂制度进行了系统试验研究。结果表明：组合捕收剂（乙基黄药：异丁基黄药＝4:1）与新型起泡剂RB1相配合，在相同浮选条件下，硫精矿品位提高2.08％的同时，硫回收率提高5．87％。