高效低膦复合型缓蚀阻垢剂的研制

Taking organic phosphonic acid, organic phosphono carboxylic acid, surfactant, and sale with zinc as main material, a new organic multicomposite scale and corrosion inhibitor was complexed. Petrochemical company after the circulating cooling water in the depth of treatment as the media, the corrosion inhibition rate and scale inhibition rate were determined by rotation coupon corrosion and calcium carbonate precipitation methods, then six kinds of composice scale and corrosion inhibiton formnala were choisen. The comparison results to merchant products show that the corrosion inhibiton rate and scale inhibition rale of six corrosion and scale inhinbitors are more than 95% , and scale inhibition rale for calcium carbonale is 95% or more. The corrosion inhibition and scale inhibition performances of the high efficent and environmental protection inhibition are more excellent than that of merchant products.     

Effects of Solution Hydrodynamics on Corrosion Inhibition of Steel by Citric Acid in Cooling Water

Corrosion is a major problem in cooling water systems, which is often controlled using corrosion inhibitors. Solution hydrodynamics is one of the factors affecting corrosion inhibition of metals in these systems. The present work focuses on the study of the combined effects of citric acid concentration (as a green corrosion inhibitor) and fluid flow on corrosion of steel in simulated cooling water. Electrochemical techniques including Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used for corrosion studies. Laminar flow was simulated using a rotating disk electrode. The effects of solution hydrodynamics on inhibition performance of citric acid were discussed. The citric acid showed low inhibition performance in quiescent solution; however, when the electrode rotated at 200 rpm, inhibition efficiency increased remarkably. It was attributed mainly to the acceleration of inhibitor mass transport toward metal surface. The efficiencies were then decreased at higher rotation speeds due to enhanced wall shear stresses on metal surface and separation of adsorbed inhibitor molecules. This article is first part of authors’ attempts in designing green inhibitor formulations for industrial cooling water. Citric acid showed acceptable corrosion inhibition in low rotation rates; thus, it can be used as a green additive to the corrosion inhibitor formulations.     

聚天冬氨酸及其复配物阻垢缓蚀性能的研究

研究配制了一种高效的绿色阻垢缓蚀剂,其组成为聚天冬氨酸(PASP)、聚丙烯酸(PAA)和2-磷酸丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸(PBTCA).通过碳酸钙沉积法对PASP及其复配物的阻垢性能进行了实验,得到其最优配方为m(PASP)∶m(PAA)∶m(PBTCA)=6∶1∶1.用旋转挂片法对复配物最优配方的缓蚀性能进行了测试.在测试条件下,该复配物阻垢率能达到91.71％,对碳钢的缓蚀率可达到92.23％,是一种性能优良的阻垢缓蚀剂.     

氨基三甲叉膦酸的合成及其缓蚀阻垢性能

有机膦酸热稳定性好,耐水解,有较好的缓蚀阻垢性能,被广泛应用于水处理中。以甲醛、三氯化磷、氯化铵为原料合成氨基三甲叉膦酸(ATMP),通过考察各组ATMP的缓蚀阻垢性能,优选出最佳合成工艺条件,并对其缓蚀阻垢能力进行了考察。结果表明,最佳合成工艺条件为:保温温度110℃,保温时间3.5h,物料比3∶4∶1.2;ATMP的阻垢性能比缓蚀性能更为优越。     

钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂在天然海水中的缓蚀机理

采用电化学阻抗与能谱图研究了钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂在天然海水中的缓蚀机理。阻抗谱表明,该缓蚀剂通过增大金属表面的电荷转移电阻而降低电化学腐蚀速率;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)显示钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂在海水中的碳钢表面主要形成了Fe3O4、Fe2O3,以及三价铁与钼酸根和缓蚀剂中有机成分形成的有机铁络合物。能量谱(EDS)测试结果表明,添加了钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂的碳钢表面膜中钙元素含量很低(0.08%),表明缓蚀剂中具有阻垢性能的有机瞵酸盐(HEDP)和葡萄糖酸盐对海水中的Ca2+起络合分散作用,阻止了钙盐在金属表面的沉积,这也表明该缓蚀剂具有缓蚀性能的同时又具有良好的阻垢性能。     

循环冷却水系统中的水垢及其控制

讨论了循环冷却水系统中水垢的种类,控制水垢的化学方法(离子交换软化法、石灰软化法、加酸法、加CO2法和阻垢剂法)和控制水垢的物理方法(反渗透和纳滤法、静电水处理法、电子水处理法、涂料法和塑料换热器法)。讨论了一些主要的阻垢缓蚀剂和阻垢分散剂,并重点讨论了两种绿色阻垢剂(聚天冬氨酸和聚环氧琥珀酸)。     

环保型无磷缓蚀阻垢剂的制备

以低分子量聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)为基础,将聚丙烯酸钠、钼酸钠、D-葡萄糖酸钠、苯并三氮唑、六次甲基四胺等物质按一定比例复配成无磷缓蚀阻垢剂配方,采用碳酸钙沉积法评价其阻垢性能,用旋转挂片法和电化学法评价其缓蚀性能。优选出的最佳缓蚀剂配方为:聚丙烯酸钠15mg/L、D-葡萄糖酸钠14mg/L、苯并三氮唑13mg/L、钼酸钠18mg/L、六次甲基四胺14mg/L,其阻垢率为92.63%,缓蚀率为92.78%。该配方具有无磷、无毒、高效、环保等特点,具有重要的经济和利用价值。     

Zinc and polyphosphates as corrosion inhibitors for zinc in near neutral waters

Abstract

The corrosion and corrosion inhibition of commercial purity zinc, in the presence and absence of polyphosphate, was examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and by cyclic voltammetry using artificial waters as electrolytes. The anodic dissolution reaction exhibited mixed kinetics which changed to diffusion control when calcium ions were removed. The effect of calcium to polyphosphate ratio on the corrosion rate of zinc was studied to determine the composition which gives the optimum protection. A recirculating system that utilises galvanised tubing was used to test optimum concentrations found by EIS with good results.     

Sodium gluconate as corrosion and scale inhibitor of ordinary steel in simulated cooling water

The effect of sodium gluconate anion (SG) on the corrosion and scale inhibition of ordinary steel in simulated cooling water has been studied using weight loss, polarisation curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. SG was studied in concentration from 10⁻⁴ M to 10⁻¹ M. Results obtained reveal that SG perform excellently as corrosion and scaling inhibitor for ordinary steel in simulated cooling water. An increase of SG concentration leads to the increase of the corrosion potential towards the positive direction. The inhibition efficiency was a low temperature dependence. The inhibitor mechanism was treated as an adsorption process according to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The SEM/EDAX data show that was a corrosion and scale inhibitor.     

添加除氧剂对水冷发电机铜线棒的缓蚀效果

采用静态腐蚀法和电化学阻抗法,研究了发电机内冷水添加除氧剂后对铜线棒的缓蚀效果.结果表明,在碱性条件下,添加丙酮肟后,铜的腐蚀速率大大降低,相应的电化学反应阻抗增大,很好地抑制了铜的腐蚀.     

Development of a blended corrosion,scale, and microorganism inhibitor for open recirculating cooling systems

A blended, apparently new, corrosion, scale, and microorganism inhibitor for open recirculating cooling systems was developed from zinc, phosphonates, acrylate copolymer, and isothiazolone. The effects of the inhibitor on carbon steel dissolution in synthetic cooling water were studied through weight loss tests, electrochemical tests, scale tests, and microorganism tests. The obtained results showed that the developed inhibitor revealed very good corrosion, scale, and microorganism inhibition. All measurements indicated that the efficiency of the blended mixture exceeded 90%. Potentiodynamic polarization studies indicated that the blended inhibitor was an anodic and cathodic inhibitor. The nature of protective films formed on the carbon steel was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The inhibitive effects arose from formation of protective films which might contain zinc hydroxide, zinc phosphonate, calcium phosphonate, and iron oxide.     

Synthesis of BaCO3 Nano-particles Through a Polymer-Assisted Precipitation Method

BaCO₃ powders with different morphologies have been synthesized by a simple polymer-assisted precipitation method. The influence of diethylene glycol (DEG) as a modifier on the powder particle characteristics has been investigated using XRD, FESEM, FT-IR, and VSM techniques. It is revealed that both crystallinity and crystallite size of particles can be greatly affected through the change in DEG:water ratio. The crystallite size decreases from 32 nm for water solution to 20 nm for DEG’s solution. The FESEM images also show that DEG:water volume ratio causes the shape of particle to change greatly. While particle synthesized in presence of water solution has rodlike shape with 900 nm in length and 276 nm in width, particle synthesized in DEG solution has completely spherical shape with a mean particle size of 93 nm. Finally, the performance of barium carbonate nano-particles produced in this work has been examined in the processing of barium hexaferrite magnetic phase.     

Carbonatbildung in inhibierten Chloridsolen

Carbonate formation in inhibited chloride brines If air is absorbed by chloride cooling brines, the carbon dioxide in the air gives rise to the formation of carbonates; in calcium chloride brines, calcium carbonate is formed. Upon precipitation of the latter, hydrochloric acid is liberated, the p_H decreases sharply and the cooling brine gains in corrosivity. In sodium chloride brines, the sodium carbonate or bicarbonate formed remains in solution and the p_H changes but slightly. Conditions are different in sodium chloride brines containing sodium nitrite as an inhibitor and being in contact with iron. With free access of air the amount of carbonates formed in addition to ferric hydroxide is sufficient to raise the p_H to dangerous values. In cooling installations involving ferrous metals and operating on a sodium chloride brine inhibited with sodium nitride, it is therefore important to prevent access of air as far as possible.     

改性聚羧酸盐TH-2000的稳锌及阻磷酸钙性能研究

改性聚羧酸盐TH-2000为丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯-磺酸盐共聚物,是一种高效能阻垢分散剂和锌稳定剂,对于水中的磷酸钙垢、碳酸钙垢等成垢盐类和无机矿物质具有良好的分散作用。本文重点介绍了TH-2000在含锌配方中与其它几种常用水处理剂的稳锌性能比较,同时简要介绍了TH-2000的阻垢性能及其合成条件对其稳锌能力的影响。结果发现,改性聚羧酸盐TH-2000的单体配比和分子量影响其稳锌性能,其稳锌性能和阻磷酸钙性能要明显优于PAA、HPAA等水处理剂。     

酒石酸对电解法制备树枝状超细银粉的影响研究

采用电解法制备树枝状银粉,研究了酒石酸对银粒子电化学沉积过程的形貌演变和生长机制的影响。通过SEM、TEM和XRD分析了酒石酸对沉积过程银粉的形貌和结构的影响。此外,利用阴极极化(LSV)、循环伏安(CV)和计时电流(CA)探究了酒石酸对电解法制备树枝状银粉的电化学行为影响规律。结果表明：当溶液中添加0 g/L酒石酸时,银离子在850A/m2电流密度下形成类球状结构,而当溶液中添加0.05g/L酒石酸时,银离子在相同电流密度下形成棒状结构,随着酒石酸添加量的增加,阴极极化程度增加,过电位增大。而当酒石酸增加到0.5 g/L时,成功制备出粒径3～4μm,松装密度1.1 g/cm³,振实密度0.6 g/cm³、结晶性好的树枝状银粉。计时电流结果表明溶液体系均遵循瞬时成核过程,但添加酒石酸影响了银的成核和生长动力学,并抑制了阴极极化。     

The role of zinc aluminum phosphate anticorrosive pigment in Protective Performance and cathodic disbondment of epoxy coating

Protective performance and cathodic disbondment of epoxy coating pigmented with zinc aluminum phosphate (ZPA) were studied in this work. In solution, superior corrosion inhibition of ZPA extracted from EIS and electrochemical noise data was connected to deposition of a protective layer. EIS evaluation of the pigmented coatings indicated significant effect of modification of zinc phosphate on the protective performance as well as resistance to cathodic disbonding. Compared to ZPA, introduction of zinc phosphate resulted in inferior performance in cathodic disbonding test. In presence of ZPA, precipitation at disbonding front inferred from EIS data was confirmed by SEM.     

油田采出水处理复合阻垢缓蚀剂的研究

目的制备一种高效、复合型的油田采出水处理阻垢缓蚀剂。方法以二己烯三胺五亚甲基膦酸、磺酸基共聚物和钨酸钠为原料复配成复合阻垢缓蚀剂,通过静态阻垢试验和动态腐蚀试验,研究复合阻垢缓蚀剂的防垢和缓蚀效果与其质量浓度的关系,考察絮凝剂、杀菌剂及缓蚀剂等水处理剂对防垢效果的影响。结果在油田采出水处理中,阻垢缓蚀剂最佳质量浓度为30 mg/L,此时的阻垢率>95%,腐蚀速率为0.0696 mm/a。油田采出水中过量的絮凝剂及季铵盐1227杀菌剂会造成阻垢率降低,咪唑啉缓蚀剂对阻垢率有增效作用,异噻唑啉酮杀菌剂对阻垢率影响较小。结论该复合阻垢缓蚀剂生产制备简单,阻垢和缓蚀性能优良。     

缓蚀阻垢剂WJF-6在海水循环冷却水中的应用和研究

采用旋转挂片法研究了缓蚀阻垢剂WJF-6在模拟海水循环冷水中对N80钢的缓蚀情况,并利用极化曲线、线性极化等电化学方法研究了该缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理,用静态阻垢法对该缓蚀剂的阻垢性能进行了研究,分别研究了海水浓缩倍数为1、2和3时,缓蚀阻垢剂WJF6在模拟海水循环冷水中腐蚀与结垢的影响。结果表明,采用0．3m／s线速度旋转7...     

光学纯酒石酸柱撑Mg-Al水滑石的制备及应用

以镁铝水滑石为前体,乙二醇为分散介质,采用离子交换法进行插层组装制备了光学纯酒石酸柱撑水滑石.采用X射线衍射、红外光谱及差热分析对样品进行了表征.结果表明:通过控制离子交换条件,光学纯酒石酸根阴离子可以插入镁铝水滑石层间,完全取代CO3 2-离子,形成具有超分子结构的稳定光学纯酒石酸柱撑水滑石,并将其应用于特布他林对映体的手性萃取过程;在萃取过程中加入光学纯酒石酸柱撑水滑石粉末,能明显提高对映体的选择性,对映体选择性分离因子最大值可达1.2.     

16Mn钢在管输俄罗斯原油析出水中的腐蚀行为

采用浸泡失重、极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱、扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了管道16Mn钢在管输俄罗斯原油析出水中的腐蚀行为.管输俄罗斯原油析出水中主要的侵蚀性离子有氯离子和硫酸根离子.研究表明,16Mn钢在在析出水中的腐蚀主要表现为均匀腐蚀,腐蚀产物膜较致密,主要成分为Fb2O3.