Mechanical Properties of Double-Layer and Graded Composite Coatings of YSZ Obtained by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

Double-layer and graded composite coatings of yttria-stabilized zirconia were sprayed on metallic substrates by atmospheric plasma spray. The coating architecture was built up by combining two different feedstocks: one micro- and one nanostructured. Microstructural features and mechanical properties (hardness and elastic modulus) of the coatings were determined by FE-SEM microscopy and nanoindentation technique, respectively. Additional adherence and scratch tests were carried out in order to assess the failure mechanisms occurring between the layers comprising the composites. Microstructural inspection of the coatings confirms the two-zone microstructure. This bimodal microstructure which is exclusive of the layer obtained from the nanostructured feedstock negatively affects the mechanical properties of the whole composite. Nanoindentation tests suitably reproduce the evolution of mechanical properties through coatings thickness on the basis of the position and/or amount of nanostructured feedstock used in the depositing layer. Adhesion and scratch tests show the negative effect on the coating adhesion of layer obtained from the nanostructured feedstock when this layer is deposited on the bond coat. Thus, the poor integrity of this layer results in lower normal stresses required to delaminate the coating in the adhesion test as well as minor critical load registered by using the scratch test.     

Partial Evaporation of Strontium Zirconate During Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

Perovskite-type SrZrO₃ has been investigated as a candidate material for thermal barrier coating application. During plasma spraying of SrZrO₃, SrO volatilized more than ZrO₂ and the coating composition deviates from initial stoichiometry. In this investigation, partial evaporation was investigated by spraying SrZrO₃ powders into water. The influences of spraying current, distance and particle size of the powder on the partial evaporation were also investigated in a quantitative way. With optimized spraying parameters, stoichiometric SrZrO₃ coating was produced by adding an excess amount of Sr in the precursors before plasma spraying to compensate for the volatilized component.     

In Situ Particle Behavior of Cast Iron Powder by Suspension Plasma Spraying

An important issue for atmospheric plasma sprayed metal coatings is the oxidation involved during processing that significantly affects its phase composition and microstructure and thus the overall coating properties. In this study, suspension thermal spraying was used to manufacture cast iron coatings with high amounts of graphite carbon as solid-lubricant, because graphite structure is considerably diminished in molten droplets of the spray material due to the dissolution into molten iron and/or the oxidation. Additional graphite formation based on the soot reaction of liquid hydrocarbon was observed. Oxidation strongly affects the soot reaction during suspension thermal spraying. Therefore, setting-up of a shroud around the plasma plume is quite effective to prevent the oxidation of hydrocarbon.     

等离子喷涂涂层粒子冷凝过程应力分析

等离子热喷涂过程中,金属熔滴以一定的速度在基体表面沉积后,发生变形的同时与基体有热交换作用,最终凝同成圆片状同体颗粒;建立扁平粒子的几何模型,利用有限元软件分析了扁平粒子与基体的热交换过程中的温度场变化;接着再建立扁平粒子的ANSYS模型,采用间接耦合的方法,将分析得到的温度场作为载倚加载到模型,解得扁平粒子中的应力分布结果;最后根据扁平粒子中的应力分布,分析了其应力的变化情况,并讨论了基体预热温度对应力的影响.     

B清除大气等离子喷涂CuNi熔滴氧化物效应

提出了粉末中添加B的成分设计,实现通过B牺牲氧化而保护合金元素不氧化从而发展高温CuNi熔滴自清洁氧化物效应.采用CuNi2B与CuNi4B 2种粉末,通过大气等离子喷涂工艺制备涂层,通过SEM、EDS、XRD和ICP-OES等方法研究了B含量与喷涂距离对CuNi涂层组织结构与性能的影响.结果 表明,熔滴可加热至190...     

Epitaxial Grain Growth During Splat Cooling of Alumina Droplets Produced by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

Alumina splats were deposited on polished single crystal alumina substrates with two different crystalline facet orientations of [001] and [110] by atmospheric plasma spraying at a substrate preheating temperature of 900 °C to examine the epitaxy during splat cooling. The cross-sectional samples for high-resolution transmission electron microscopy examination were prepared by focused ion beam-assisted-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). The results show that the whole splats with a thickness ranging from ~600 to ~1000 nm exhibit the same crystalline structure as the substrate. Moreover, the splat deposited on the single crystalline alumina substrates exhibits exactly the same orientation as the substrate. The results evidently indicate that the epitaxial grain growth occurs after alumina droplets impact on the single crystal alumina substrate. The present results suggest that the crystalline structure of alumina deposit formed by plasma spraying can be possibly controlled by the coating surface temperature.     

In Situ Synthesis of FeAl Dense Coatings by Very Low Pressure Reactive Plasma Spraying

With the purpose of elaborating high-quality FeAl coatings, a so-called very low pressure reactive plasma spray technique that combines very low pressure plasma spray and self-propagation high-temperature synthesis processes was used in the present study. A dense and homogeneous FeAl coating was thus successfully in situ synthesized by reactive plasma spraying of an Al/Fe₂O₃ composite powder under 1 mbar. The phase composition and microstructural features of the coating were characterized by XRD and SEM. Results indicated that the B2 ordered FeAl phase was synthesized, and the coating featured a dense and defect-free microstructure. The fracture mechanism of the coating remains mainly a brittle failure but the appearance of some dimples in local zones suggested some unexpected toughness.     

Clogging and Lump Formation During Atmospheric Plasma Spraying with Powder Injection Downstream the Plasma Gun

This study aimed to numerically and experimentally investigate lump formation during atmospheric plasma spraying with powder injection downstream the plasma gun exit. A first set of investigations was focused on the location and orientation of the powder port injector. It turned out impossible to keep the coating quality while avoiding lumps by simply moving the powder injector. A new geometry of the powder port ring holder was designed and optimized to prevent nozzle clogging, and lump formation using a gas screen. This solution was successfully tested for applications with Ni-5wt.%Al and ZrO₂-7wt.%Y₂O₃ powders used in production. The possible secondary effect of plasma jet shrouding by the gas screen, and its consequence on powder particles prior to impact was also studied.     

喷淋式前处理生产线现场管理

从设备及工艺管理两方面介绍喷淋式前处理生产线的现场管理。     

等离子喷涂工艺参数对YSZ:Tm涂层发光性能的影响

为提高荧光涂层在热障涂层中的适配性,本研究制备了Tm掺杂YSZ(Y2O3-ZrO2)粉末和涂层,探讨了等离子喷涂工艺参数对其发光性能的影响。结果表明:化学沉淀法制备粉末的过程中,静置陈化时间在15 h以上、母液中的Zr4+浓度为0.2 mol/L时氧化钇可完全固溶到基体粉末中。Tm的掺杂浓度降低,粉末的发光强度增加显著。等离子喷涂距离和功率对涂层的发光性能有明显影响,在现有范围内,喷涂距离和功率越小,发光强度越高。     

超音速等离子喷涂制备金属陶瓷涂层的抗冲蚀性能

通过高效能超音速等离子喷涂(SAPS)制备WC-Co及WC-Ni Cr金属陶瓷涂层,对比研究了2种涂层的抗冲蚀性能及在热腐蚀条件下的结构和性能演变。结果表明:2种涂层在喷涂过程中均会发生一定程度的脱碳,表现为W_2C相的形成;同时在WC-Co涂层中有少量的Co_3W_3C和Co_6W_6C相生成,且该涂层在热腐蚀后表层的WC相出现了分解与氧化,形成了W_3C、W_6C_(2.54)等脱碳相与CoWO_4、WO_3等氧化物相。在普通冲蚀条件下,WC-Co涂层的抗冲蚀性能更为优异,但热腐蚀会极大降低WC-Co涂层的抗冲蚀性能;与之相反,WC-NiCr涂层中的NiCr相在热腐蚀环境下生成的Cr_2O_3可以有效阻挡涂层内部与外部之间的物质扩散,从而降低了热腐蚀对涂层结构的破坏,在热腐蚀条件下表现出了优良的抗冲蚀性能。     

等离子喷涂纳米FeS-SiC复合涂层的显微结构研究

以自制的纳米FeS-SiC复合粉末为原料，采用等离子喷涂技术制备了纳米结构FeS-SiC复合涂层。纳米粉末及涂层的形貌、成分、结构和物相组成分别由SEM，EDS，XRD表征。实验结果表明，纳米FeS-SiC复合粉末经造粒后的颗粒尺寸分布在20-80μm，流动性好，适于等离子喷涂。等离子喷涂纳米FeS-SiC复合涂层的晶粒呈现两种尺寸分布，一种是30．80nm的小晶粒，另一种是100-200nm的大晶粒。涂层的物相主要由FeS和SiC组成，还含有少量的Fe1-xS和氧化物。涂层的气孔率大约为19％。     

空气等离子喷涂板式SOFC连接体保护涂层的性能

在中温平板型固体氧化物燃料电池（ITSOFC）设计中,可以采用金属作为连接材料.Fe-16Cr合金是较为理想的金属连接材料,它存在的主要问题是连接体阴极侧表面的高温氧化和腐蚀,会导致电池性能的迅速降低.本研究采用空气等离子喷涂的方法喷涂了La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-σ（LSM）钙钛矿型保护涂层在金属连接板的表面,并讨论了主要过程参数及其作用效果.研究发现,喷涂后热处理是降低涂层孔隙率的有效方法,经喷涂-热处理后,涂层的孔隙率可降至1%以下.等离子喷涂LSM保护涂层后,Fe-16Cr合金的耐高温氧化性能明显提高,氧化速率降低了76%.     

喷枪扫描速度对等离子喷涂Mo/8YSZ梯度 热障涂层温度场的影响规律研究

目的 突破新型动力热障涂层高温环境易剥落的技术瓶颈,揭示等离子喷涂过程中,喷枪扫描速度对梯度热障涂层温度分布的影响规律。方法 利用ANSYS有限元仿真模拟软件,建立了等离子喷涂Mo/8YSZ梯度热障涂层温度场的仿真模型,模型中考虑了材料热物性参数随温度的变化情况及材料的相变潜热。 结果 当喷枪扫描速度由550 mm/s增加至1000 mm/s时,喷枪与基体或已沉积涂层间交互作用的时间缩短,在喷涂构件自身热传导及喷涂构件与外界环境对流换热等综合因素作用下,致使喷涂作业结束时,喷涂构件的最高温度由475 ℃降低至371 ℃,涂层厚度方向的最大温度梯度由2.15×107 ℃/m降低至2.05×107 ℃/m。由于喷涂构件的温度、温度梯度及等离子射流热源用于粉末粒子直接温升的比例均与材料的热物性参数密切相关,致使在喷涂作业结束时,喷涂构件各部分最高温度及涂层厚度方向的最大温度梯度均呈现陶瓷层最高、过渡层次之、粘结层最低的分布规律。由于等离子喷涂过程中,先沉积的涂层对后沉积的涂层存在一个预热作用,故伴随着涂层厚度的增加,喷涂构件的最高温度增加。结论 在等离子喷涂过程中,通过增大喷枪扫描速度,可在牺牲涂层最高温度的条件下,降低喷涂构件的最大温度梯度。热障涂层采用梯度结构,可实现涂层厚度方向材料热物性参数的连续梯度变化,进而实现对喷涂构件空间温度分布的有效调控。     

大气等离子喷涂TiB2-TiC-Co涂层的组织与性能

利用Co-Ti-B4C自蔓延体系合成TiB2-TiC-Co复合陶瓷粉末,并结合大气等离子喷涂技术在Q235 钢基体表面制备TiB2-TiC-Co陶瓷涂层,研究了自蔓延产物和涂层的相组成、显微组织,以及涂层的结合强度和抗磨损性能。结果表明：Co-Ti-B4C体系自蔓延产物的物相中,除了少量剩余的NaCl添加剂衍射峰外,主要由TiB2和TiC陶瓷相的强衍射峰组成;产物断面中,两相陶瓷颗粒细小。随Co含量增加,TiB2-TiC-Co涂层表面盘状组织增多,表面逐渐平滑,截面涂层厚度均匀,组织致密性逐渐增加;结合强度和耐滑动磨损性能呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。Co含量为10wt.%时,涂层的结合强度和耐滑动磨损性能最好,涂层的滑动磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和层状剥落磨损。     

Tribological and Thermal Properties of Mullite Coating Prepared by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

The primary mullitized andalusite powders were spray-dried and heat-treated to improve sprayable capability. Then, mullite coating was deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying and heat treatment was contributed to recrystallization of the amorphous phase present in the as-sprayed mullite coating. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize the microstructure and phase composition of mullite coating. Meanwhile, the phase transition temperature, enthalpy, and specific heat capacity of as-sprayed coatings as well as recrystallized mullite coatings were determined by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, tribological properties of as-sprayed coating were investigated by SRV-IV friction and wear tester from 200 to 800 °C. It has been found that the as-sprayed coating possesses good thermal stability. DSC analysis reveals that recrystallization of the glassy phase present in the mullite coating occurs at about 980 °C. The friction coefficient of mullite coating was gradually increased from 0.82 at 200 °C to the highest value of 1.12 at 800 °C, while wear rates of the coating were at the order of 10^?5 mm³/Nm. The as-sprayed coating suffered the most severe wear at 800 °C. The observed wear mechanisms were mainly abrasive wear, brittle fracture, and pulling-out of splats.     

Manufacturing of Composite Coatings by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Using Different Feed-Stock Materials as YSZ and MoSi<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the state-of-the-art material for the top coat of thermal barrier coatings. To increase the efficiency and lifetime of gas turbines, the integration of MoSi₂ as a healing material was proposed. A new method of manufacture was explored in order to enable the spraying of a homogeneous mixed layer of YSZ and MoSi₂. As the chemical and physical properties of these powders are very different, they require contrasting process conditions. Due to the evaporation of Si from MoSi₂ at spraying conditions suitable for YSZ, more moderate conditions and a shorter time of flight are required for depositing MoSi₂. At the same time, the spraying conditions still need to be sufficient for melting the YSZ particles in order to produce a coating. To obtain a homogeneous mixture, both conditions can be matched using an injection system that allows powder injection at two different locations of the plasma jet. Two-color pyrometry during flight (DPV-2000, Tecnar) was used to monitor the actual particle temperature. By optimizing the injection point for the MoSi₂, a mixed coating was obtained without decomposition of the MoSi₂, which has been analyzed by means of XRD and SEM.     

Influence of Silver Contents on the Tribological Properties of Ni-Based Self-Lubricating Coatings by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

The NiCrAlY–Mo–Ag composite coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. The tribological properties of the composite coatings were investigated from 25 to 900 ℃ in details. The tribo-layer formed on the worn surface of the composite coatings and influenced the tribological properties at different temperatures. The addition of silver could effectively decrease the friction coefficient and wear rate of the coatings at the wide range of temperature. The rubbing process could form the nickel molybdate and promote the formation of silver molybdate within the worn surfaces at high temperature. The synergistic lubricating effects of nickel molybdate and silver molybdate are attributed to the improvement of the tribological properties of coatings at high temperature.     

In Situ Observation of the Dislocation Structure Evolution During a Strain Path Change in Copper

The evolution of deformation structures in individual grains embedded in polycrystalline copper specimens during strain path changes is observed in situ by high-resolution reciprocal space mapping with high-energy synchrotron radiation. A large number of individual subgrains is resolved; their behavior during the strain path change is revealed and complemented by the analysis of radial x-ray peak profiles for the entire grain. This allows distinction between two different regimes during the mechanically transient behavior following the strain path change: Below 0.3% strain, the number and orientation of the resolved subgrains change only slightly, while their elastic stresses are significantly altered. This indicates the existence of a microplastic regime during which only the subgrains deform plastically and no yielding of the dislocation walls occurs. After reloading above 0.3% strain, the elastic stresses of individual subgrains are about the same as in unidirectionally deformed reference specimens. They increase only slightly during further straining—accompanied by occasional emergence of new subgrains, abundant orientation changes, and disappearance of existing subgrains.     

等离子喷涂过程基体温度场分布的数值模拟

等离子喷涂的热源温度高,涂层成形区域温度梯度大、热量累积快,涂层中常存在较大的残余应力。研究通过数值模拟并辅以必要的试验测试研究了等离子喷涂过程基体表面热量累积行为：建立了二维静态喷枪加热模型,研究了在不同喷涂距离时基体表面温度场分布规律;建立了移动热源加热模型,研究了在不同喷枪移动速度和扫描遍数时基体热量累积规律。结果表明：在静态喷枪加热作用下,基体温度场呈中间高两端低的对称分布状态;随着喷涂距离减小,基体表面最高温度与平均温度显著升高,温度梯度变化明显,高温区域半径显著增大。在动态喷枪加热过程中,基体左右边界热量累积现象明显,且喷枪移动速度越快,基体表面热量累积越少,温度分布梯度越小;随着喷枪扫描遍数的增加,基体中心区域温度呈波浪式上升,温度增长幅度逐渐变小。