Effect of Microstructural Evolution and Hardening in Subsurface on Wear Behavior of Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy

Dry sliding tests were performed on as-cast AZ31 alloy using a pin-on-disc configuration. Coefficient of friction and wear rate were measured within a load range of 5-360 N at a sliding velocity of 0.785 m/s. Worn surface morphologies were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Five wear mechanisms, namely abrasion, oxidation, delamination, thermal softening, and melting, have been observed. Surface hardness, subsurface plastic strain, worn surface temperature, and cross-sectional optical microscopy were used to characterize hardness change, plastic deformation, and the microstructure evolution in subsurface. The results illustrate the correlation between the wear behavior and evolution of microstructure and hardness in subsurface, and reveal that in the load range of 5-120 N, surface oxidation and hardening originating from large plastic deformation play an important role in maintaining the mild wear, and softening originating from dynamic recrystallization in subsurface and surface melting are responsible for the severe wear in the load range of 120-360 N.     

Mg-6Zn-1.5Gd-0.4Zr合金的半固态等温热处理组织演变研究

研究了砂型铸造Mg-6Zn-1．5Gd-0．4Zr镁合金在半固态等温热处理过程中的组织演变,研究了等温时间、等温温度对组织形态的影响,并对组织演变机理进行了简单探讨。研究结果表明：540℃等温过程中,晶界处的共晶组织先发生熔解;随着等温时间的加长,α相（Mg）熔化分离,并在等温处理过程中由块状向球状转变;25min时,转变为粒径40-60μm的均匀球状组织;等温时间过长时,球状晶粒发生合并长大;合金等温温度越高,组织的球化进程就越快,异形长大后,晶粒越粗大。     

Mg-4.4Li-2.5Zn-0.46Al-0.74Y合金高温变形流动应力、组织演变与本构分析

采用多向锻造与轧制(MDFR)制备了 Mg-4.4Li-2.5Zn-0.46Al-0.74Y合金,利用拉伸机、OM和XRD等研究了热拉伸流动应力、组织演变、本构模型与变形机理.结果表明,合金多向锻造晶粒细化机理为机械式剪切破碎与动态再结晶细化.合金在523～573 K时,热变形组织主要发生动态回复与动态再结晶;≥573...     

The Microstructural Evolution and Special Flow Behavior of Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr During Isothermal Compression at a Low Strain Rate

The microstructural evolution and special flow behavior of Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr during isothermal compression at a strain rate of 0.0001 s^?1 were investigated. The dislocation climbs in elongated α grains resulted in the formation of low-angle boundaries that transform into high-angle boundaries with greater deformation, and the elongated α grains subsequently separated into homogenous globular α grains with the penetration of the β phase. The simultaneous occurrence of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and continuous dynamic recrystallization in the primary β grains resulted in a trimode grain distribution. The β grains surrounded by dislocations presented an equilateral-hexagonal morphology, which suggests that grain boundary sliding through dislocation climbs was the main deformation mechanism. The true stress–strain curves for 1073 and 1113 K abnormally intersect at a strain of ~0.35, related to the α → β phase transformation and distinct growth of the β grain size.     

Si对Mg-7Al-2.5Ca-0.4Mn-0.25Sr合金铸态组织的影响

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析等,研究了Si对铸态Mg-7Al-2.5Ca-0.4Mn-0.25Sr合金显微组织的影响。结果表明:Mg-7Al-2.5Ca-0.4Mn-0.25Sr-xSi(x=1,2,3)合金主要由α-Mg基体、AlMn相、Mg2Ca相、Al2Ca相和CaMgSi相组成。CaMgSi相含量随Si元素的增加而增加。Si含量由1%提高到3%会引起三方面变化:一是使α-Mg枝晶变得发达;二是析出的共晶组织(Mg2Ca+Al2Ca)含量有所减少;三是促进CaMgSi相的析出,且CaMgSi相的形貌逐渐由空心块状向针状、再向汉字状演化,因此合金中Si的合适加入量应控制在2%左右。对组织的演变过程进行了讨论。     

EBSD Study on the Superplastic Deformation of Mg-7.0Al-0.4Zn Magnesium Alloy

采用EBSD分析技术研究了Mg-7.0Al-0.4Zn镁合金超塑性变形机制。结果表明,超塑拉伸变形主要是通过晶界滑动和晶内塑性滑移协调完成的。变形初期,随着变形量的增大,{0002}//ED的织构明显增强,晶内滑移起主要协调变形作用。变形中后期孪生开动,接近断裂时,晶内滑移基本消失,孪生成为主要的协调变形机制,但孪生的贡献较小。     

铸态Ti-46Al-6(Cr, Nb, Si, B)合金的高温流变行为及其组织演变

以3次真空自耗熔炼的Ti-46Al-6(Cr,Nb,Si,B)(at%)(以下简称G4合金)合金为对象,采用恒温等应变速率热模拟压缩试验研究G4合金在1050～1250℃及0.001～1s-1应变速率下的高温流变行为和组织演变。结果表明,在高温变形过程中,G4合金呈现先硬化后软化的流变行为特征,组织由粗大的铸态γ+γ/α2近片层组织演变为细小的近等轴γ+α2组织;造成G4合金流变软化和组织演变的主要原因是动态再结晶(DRX)。变形温度和应变速率是影响G4合金高温流变和组织演变的2个主要因素。铸态G4合金在高温下的变形机制以γ/α2层片晶团的扭折、弯曲、球化和DRX以及γ晶粒的拉长、破碎和DRX为主,孪生变形也起到了一定的辅助作用。其最佳高温塑性变形温度为1150℃,应变速率应不大于0.1s-1。     

GH4169高温合金的压缩结合行为及界面组织演变

为了模拟高温合金GH4169的热轧复合工艺,采用MSS-200热模拟机对高温合金GH4169进行热压缩复合模拟,变形温度为900~1100 ℃,应变速率为1~10 s^-1。通过应力应变曲线建立了描述GH4169高温合金压缩变形行为的Arrhenius型本构方程和热加工图,计算相应的热变形活化能Q和应力指数n分别为320.33 kJ·mol^-1和4.1573。此外,采用光学显微镜（OM）和电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术观察了结合界面。结果表明：结合界面主要受变形工艺参数的影响,在1100 ℃/10 s^-1变形条件时,结合界面几乎看不见。     

Effects of Sb Addition on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Mg–9Al–5Sn Alloy

The Mg–9Al–5Sn-xSb(x=0.0,0.3,0.6,1.0,1.5 wt%) alloys were prepared by a simple alloying process followed by hot extrusion with an extrusion ratio of 28.2. The effects of Sb additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg–9 Al–5 Sn alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The results indicated that the phases α-Mg matrix, Mg_2_Sn, Mg_3Sb_2 and Mg_17 Al_12 exist in the as-cast Sb-containing alloys. Sb addition results in the precipitation of Mg_3Sb_2. The dendritic size of these alloys decreases with the addition of Sb. Both their ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of extruded alloys increase, and their elongation decreases gradually with increasing the content of Sb. The better mechanical properties of the as-extruded alloys were achieved due to the refined grains and the formation of dispersive second phases Mg_3Sb_2.     

变形条件对喷射成形Al-9Mg-0.5Mn合金动态再结晶的影响

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对喷射成形Al-9Mg-0.5Mn合金进行等温热压缩试验,研究了变形温度、应变和应变速率对合金动态再结晶行为的影响。结果表明,合金在热压缩变形初期,加工硬化起主导作用,流变应力随变形程度的增加迅速增大;但随着应变增加,动态再结晶是主要的软化机制;变形温度越高,合金变形更均匀,合金的储存能更高,动态再结晶的形核和长大过程更快;应变速率越小,再结晶核心及亚结构有充分的时间形成和长大,合金发生完全动态再结晶,合金的组织为再结晶组织。     

超声半固态流变挤压成形Al-20Si-2Cu-0.4Mg-1Ni合金的组织特征(英文)

通过超声振动半固态流变挤压铸造工艺制造汽车空调压缩机铝硅合金斜盘零件,研究合金的组织特征。发现在Al20Si2Cu0.4Mg1Ni合金的组织中,除了通常具有的初晶Si和α(Al)+β-Si共晶相之外,还有非平衡α(Al)颗粒或枝晶。挤压铸造过程中的较快的冷却速度而非压力是非平衡α(Al)相形成的主要原因。在半固态浆料的制备过程中,超声振动的声压作用能促进非平衡α(Al)相在共晶温度以上生成,并生长为非枝晶颗粒。超声处理的过共晶AlSi合金中的非平衡α(Al)相由共晶温度以上生成的圆形α(Al)晶粒和少量共晶温度以下生成的细小α(Al)枝晶构成。由于超声振动的作用使α(Al)基体中的Si的固溶度增加,并使初晶Si的形成温度降低,组织中初晶Si颗粒的体积分数显著降低。流变挤压斜盘中的初晶Si颗粒的平均直径和体积率分别为24.3μm和11.1%。     

Microstructural Evolution and Local Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Processed Mg-3Gd-1Zn Cast Alloy

Microstructural evolution, hardness, and shear strength of the cast plates of GZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated after friction stir processing (FSP). Due to severe plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization, FSP breaks the dendrites and results in a fine homogenous structure in the stirred zone (SZ) having average grain sizes of about 4.0 and 2.5 μm in the one and two-pass FSPed plates, respectively. As a novel approach, strength of the processed plates was examined by shear punch testing in three regions of the SZ on the surface layer, namely, center line (CL), retreating side (RS), and advancing side (AS). FSP showed great potential in the enhancement of SZ ultimate shear strength from 114 to about 152 and 155 MPa in the one and two-pass FSPed materials, respectively. The same trend was observed in hardness values of the SZ, where the average hardness of the base material increased from 41 to 60 and 68 Vickers after one and two passes of FSP, respectively. The variations in the shear strength of the CL, RS, and AS zones of the SZ were about 5% for the first pass of FSP, the effect which was decreased to less than 2% after two passes of FSP.     

Ca加入量对Mg-5Al-0.4Zn基铸造合金组织与力学性能的影响

用砂型铸造了不同Ca含量的Mg-5Al-0.4Zn-0.2Mn-Sr-Ti-xCa合金.当x为0.37,0.70,0.93,1.69时,合金相组成为α-Mg,（α＋Al2Ca）共晶和Mg17Al12.当x=2.93时,相组成为α-Mg和（α＋（Mg,Al）2Ca）共晶.随着x增加,合金的室温力学性能（σb和δ）呈下降趋势,但合金在200℃下的强度先升高,后又降低.高温延伸率随x增加而下降.合金200℃下的屈服强度σ0.2,200℃随x的增大而稳步增加.组织的热稳定性分析表明,Ca溶入Mg17Al12相使得其自身的耐热性提高.晶界上耐高温相Al2Ca或（Mg,Al）2Ca的形成,在高温下对晶界具有钉扎作用,并降低了晶界处的溶质扩散速度,使晶界强度提高.TEM分析表明,含Ca合金在200℃拉伸时,（1010）棱柱面和（1121）角锥面上的位错参与了滑移.不同滑移系的位错滑移到晶界时,受到晶界上Al2Ca相阻挡而发生位错塞积.     

锑和稀土对Mg-9% Al-0.4% Zn合金铸态组织与力学性能的影响

锑和稀土均有细化Mg-9%Al-0.4%Zn合金铸态组织的作用，而且锑和稀土的同时加入，复合细化效果更显著，锑与合金中的镁元素形成短棒状的金属间化合物Mg3Sb2，稀土与合金中的铝元素形成片状金属间化合物Al11La3 和Al11Ce3。各相在a-Mg晶粒内和晶界均有分布，单独加入锑或稀土时对该合金的铸态室温力学性能基本没有影响，但同时添加0．8％RE和0．4％Sb时，合金的铸态室温力学性能显著提高，与Mg-9%Al-0.4%Zn合金相比，添加0.8%RE和0．4%Sb合金的铸态拉伸强度σb提高了33％，伸长率δ提高了70％，铸态Mg-9%AL-0.4%Zn-0.4%Sb-0.8RE拉伸断口具有明显的塑性变形特征。     

Al-0.66Mg-0.85Si合金均匀化过程中的组织演变(英文)

采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和差示扫描量热法研究Al-0.66Mg-0.85Si合金在均匀化过程中的组织演变。合金铸态组织呈典型的枝晶形貌,存在α(Al)、Al15(FeMn)3Si2、Mg2Si,、Q(Al1.9CuMg4.1Si3.3)和Si相。铸态组织中存在2种不同晶体结构的Mg2Si相,一种是在铸造过程中形成的,另一种是在铸造完成后的空冷过程中形成的。经过545°C、20 h均匀化处理之后,组织中的Q、Mg2Si和Si相已完全溶入基体,残留的第二相主要是Al15(FeMn)3Si2相。Al15(FeMn)3Si2相的尺寸减小、球化并且在晶界上断续分布。在铸态和均匀化热处理状态中,均未发现含Zn相。     

Mg-20Al-0.75Sb镁合金在半固态等温热处理过程中的组织演变

Mg-20Al-0.75Sb镁合金是针对半固态等温热处理而开发的一种半固态合金。本文研究了合金固相率为40%时,保温时间对半固态浆料组织的影响,并分析了Mg-20Al-0.75Sb镁合金中Al、Sb对半固态浆料组织的影响。实验结果表明该合金40%时的最佳等温热处理工艺参数为:485℃保温60～105min,此时获得的半固态浆料组织细小、均匀,平均尺寸为59μm,且持续时间可达45min。     

Al-1.8Cu-0.4Mg-0.4Mn合金一次冷轧织构与二次冷轧织构的研究

将Al-1.8Cu-0.4Mg-0.4Mn合金进行50%、60%、70%、80%不同压下量的一次冷轧,随后分别将一次冷轧压下率为50%和70%的样品进行等温中间退火并进行80%压下率的二次冷轧,对其织构演变过程进行研究。研究结果表明,当压下量大于60%时,一次冷轧的样品呈现“铜式”织构特征,即在α、β取向线上分布G、B、C及S组分,C、B和S组分强度随变形量的增加而增大,G组分则先增大后减小,在70%变形量时达最大。中间退火再结晶织构较弥散,但中间退火对二次冷轧织构有较大影响。初次冷轧变形量50%的样品形成弱的{001}<110>旋转立方织构,初次冷轧变形量70%的样品形成“铜式”织构。     

2026铝合金热压缩变形流变行为研究

在Gleeble-1500热模机上对2026铝合金进行了热压缩实验,研究该合金在变形温度为300～500℃、应变速率为0.01～10 S-1条件下热压缩变形流变应力行为.结果表明:流变应力开始随应变的增加而增大,出现峰值后逐渐减小并趋于平稳,表现出流变软化特征;应力峰值随温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的增大而增大;可用包含Zener-Hollomon参数的Arrhenius双曲正弦关系来描述2026铝合金热变形行为,其变形激活能为256.02KJ/mol.合金热压缩变形的主要软化机制由动态回复转化为连续动态再结晶.     

高压压铸Mg-4Al-0．4Mn-xPr镁合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用高压压铸方法制备了Mg-4Al-0.4Mn-xPr(x = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 质量分数,%)系列镁合金,利用X射线衍射仪、场发射环境扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度测试、拉伸和压缩性能测试以及断口分析等手段研究了Pr对高压压铸Mg-4Al基合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:高硬度合金铸造表面层与表面层中的高Pr含量和细密的组织有关;随着Pr添加量的增加,Al2Pr和Al11Pr3相在晶界附近形成,且其相对比例随之变化,同时合金组织被明显细化;添加约4%Pr(质量分数)的合金具有最佳的力学性能,良好的力学性能从室温一直保持到200 ℃;合金力学性能的提高主要由于合金致密的铸造表面层、大量第二相聚集晶界带来的晶界强化和细晶强化以及固溶强化所致.