Preparation and characterization of duplex PEO/MoC coatings on Mg-Li alloy

A combined PEO and chemical conversion process was employed to fabricate duplex plasma electrolytic oxidation/molybdate conversion (PEO/MoC) coating on the surface of Mg-Li alloy. The microstructure and composition of the composite coatings were investigated by SEM, EDX, XRD and XPS. The anti-corrosion properties of duplex PEO/MoC coatings were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and EIS. The duplex PEO/MoC coating was composed of crystalline NaMgF₃, Mg₂SiO₄, MoO₃ and MgO. Spherical-like microparticles accumulated and dispersed uniformly on the surface of the PEO coating. The corrosion resistance for Mg-Li alloy was improved by using a combination of plasma electrolytic oxidation and chemical conversion.     

含钒Fe—Ni—Cr合金在H2S—H2—CO2混合气氛中的硫化腐蚀

含钒ＦｅＮｉＣｒ合金在０．４％Ｈ２ＳＨ２７％ＣＯ２和１％Ｈ２ＳＨ２７％ＣＯ２气氛中于６００℃下的腐蚀产物包括外层疏松多孔、呈粉状的（Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ）Ｓ，其下致密的ＦｅＣｒ２Ｓ４和里层的Ｃｒ３Ｓ４。１％Ｈ２Ｓ气体中腐蚀，ＦｅＣｒ２Ｓ４的上部还有（Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ）Ｓ块的形成。钒与镍富集于ＦｅＣｒ２Ｓ４／Ｃｒ３Ｓ４交界处。     

Effects of Mm(NiCoAlMn)_5 hydrogen storage alloy coated with Ni-Co-P alloy by electroless plating on electrochemical properties of hydride electrodes

1　INTRODUCTIONNickel metalhydride (MH Ni)rechargeablebatterieswithhydrogenstoragealloysasthenegativeelectrodematerialhaveattractedincreasingattentionsbecauseofseveralinherentadvantages[16 ] .Sofar ,manymulti component,mischmetal based ,hydro gen storagealloyshavebeendevelopedtomeetthere quirementofhighcyclinglife ;theseincludesubstitu tionofthenickelbyMn ,CoandAl[7] .Thecomposi tionofthealloyisimportant ,andtheeffectsofsur facecompositionandmorphologyarealsosignificant.Micro encapsulat…     

Formation of a Rhenium-base Diffusion-barrier-coating System on Ni-base Single Crystal Superalloy and its Stability at 1,423 K

A diffusion-barrier-coating system having a duplex structure comprised of an inner Re(W)–Cr–Ni layer and an outer Ni-aluminide layer was formed on a fourth generation, single-crystal Ni-base superalloy by using electroplating of Re(Ni) and Ni(W) films, Al- and Cr- (high-Cr and low-Cr) pack cementations, and a combination of the two treatments. With the ReW-high-Cr coating, fine needle- or plate-like precipitates formed in the alloy substrate below the inner Re(W, Cr, Ni) layer, while there was little of this precipitate with the ReW-low-Cr pack-cementation coating. The inner, Re-base alloy layer in the ReW-high-Cr coating was identified to be a σ-(Re,Cr,W,Ni) phase, while the inner layer of the ReW-low-Cr was a mixture of σ-(Re,Cr,W,Ni) and δ-Re(Cr,W,Ni) phases. After heating the coated alloys at 1,150 °C for 100 h in air, the outer Al reservoir layer became β-NiAl containing (31–33)Al with α-Cr particles and fine precipitates of γ′-Ni₃Al with both the ReW-high-Cr and ReW-low-Cr treatments. In the case of the ReW-high-Cr coating there were numerous light-colored, needle-like precipitates formed deep in the alloy substrate under the inner layer, while in the case of the ReW-low-Cr coating γ′ appeared near the inner layer. It was found that the inner, Re-base alloy layer acted as a diffusion barrier, and that its structure was maintained with little change in composition after 100 h of oxidation at 1,150 °C. K. Z. Thosin is from Indonesian Institute of Sciences, LIPI.     

化学镀镍对A2B7型贮氢合金电极电化学性能的影响

本文对气态粉化后A2B7型贮氢合金La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.44Al0.06进行化学镀不同厚度Ni包覆处理.通过SEM观察,结果表明,包覆处理后镀层镍为球形颗粒且均匀弥散于合金表面.电化学测试结果表明,表面包覆镍处理的A2B7型合金电极放电容量有所降低,而循环稳定性有所提高.线性极化扫描和电化学阻抗谱等分析结果表明,表面包覆Ni处理后增大了合金电极的交换电流密度(I0),减小了电化学阻抗,改善了合金电极的动力学性能.     

Effect of zinc immersion pretreatment on the electro-deposition of Ni onto AZ91D magnesium alloy

The effect of zinc immersion pretreatment on the quality and properties of Ni deposited layer on the AZ91D Mg alloy has been studied. The evolution of surface morphology, composition and microstructure of the AZ91D Mg alloy in the process of pretreatment was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the activation step results in the deposition of some composite membranes consisted of fluoride and phosphate or pyrophosphate formed preferentially in the α phase region of the Mg alloy surface, while zinc immersion leads to the deposition of a network-like Zn layer formed preferentially in the β phase region of the Mg alloy surface. Cyclic voltammogram, dynamic potential scanning polarization technique and chronopotentionmetry measurements showed that the deposited Zn layer can markedly improve the anti-corrosion ability of the Mg alloy substrate in the Ni-plating solution and improve the nucleation and growth of Ni onto the surface of the Mg alloy substrate. With the proper Zn immersion pretreatment, a compact Ni layer can be electro-deposited on the magnesium alloy. The deposited Ni layer shows good adhesion to the Mg alloy substrate. The Mg alloy specimens after deposition of Ni have good anti-corrosion properties in a neutral 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.     

Formation of NiAl Intermetallic Compound by Cold Spraying of Ball-Milled Ni/Al Alloy Powder Through Postannealing Treatment

Ni/Al alloy powders were synthesized by ball milling of nickel-aluminum powder mixture with a Ni/Al atomic ratio of 1:1. Ni/Al alloy coating was deposited by cold spraying using N₂ as accelerating gas. NiAl intermetallic compound was evolved in situ through postspray annealing treatment of cold-sprayed Ni/Al alloy coating. The effect of annealing temperature on the phase transformation behavior from Ni/Al mechanical alloy to intermetallics was investigated. The microstructure of the mechanically alloying Ni/Al powder and NiAl coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that a dense Ni/Al alloy coating can be successfully deposited by cold spraying using the mechanically alloyed powder as feedstocks. The as-sprayed alloy coating exhibited a laminated microstructure retained from the mechanically alloying powder. The annealing of the subsequent Ni/Al alloy coating at a temperature higher than 850 °C leads to complete transformation from Ni/Al alloy to NiAl intermetallic compound.     

Hot corrosion Type II of FeCr‐based model alloys for boiler and heat exchanger applications

The hot corrosion Type II of the alloys FeCr20, FeCr20Ni10, FeCr20Ni20, and FeCr20Co10 is investigated at 700°C in air + 0.5% SO₂ with deposits consisting of Na₂SO₄ and a eutectic mixture of Na₂SO₄ and MgSO₄ for 24, 100, and 300 h. The alloying elements nickel and cobalt have a positive influence when tests are conducted using a MgSO₄‐Na₂SO₄ deposit. In this case, they reduce the metal loss and increase the time to the propagation stage. In contrast, when the alloys are exposed with a Na₂SO₄ deposit, these alloying elements increase the metal loss and allow for the transition to the propagation stage because they can form molten phases with the Na₂SO₄. During the incubation stage an oxide scale forms on the FeCr20 alloy, which is thicker than the one formed during exposure without a deposit, and iron oxides are observed, which precipitate in the deposit. The propagation stage occurs by a dissolution and precipitation mechanism forming localized pitting attack. Iron is the main species that dissolves and precipitates, while chromium remains mainly as an oxide beneath the initial surface. The additional elements are found in the pit and in the salt deposit.     

Corrosion behavior of B30 Cu-Ni alloy and anti-corrosion coating in marine environment

The corrosion behavior of B30 Cu-Ni alloy in a sterile seawater and a SRB solution was investigated. The results show that the corrosion potential of specimen in the SRB solution is much lower than that in the sterile seawater. The polarization resistance of specimen in the SRB solution decreases quickly after a period immersion and becomes much lower than that in the sterile seawater. It is concluded that the SRB accelerates the corrosion process of B30 Cu-Ni alloy greatly. An anti-corrosion electroless Ni-P coating was produced and applied to the alloy. The results show that specimens coated with Ni-P plating exhibit favorable corrosion resistance property in SRB solution. Severe pitting corrosion appears on the uncoated specimens in the SRB solution when the coated specimens are still in good condition. The anti-corrosion mechanism of Ni-P plating was analyzed. It is concluded that coating the B30 Cu-Ni alloy with electroless Ni-P plating is an effective technique against the attack of SRB in marine environment.     

AZ91 镁合金表面Ce-Mn 转化膜组织及性能表征

室温下,在AZ91 镁合金表面制备Ce-Mn 复合转化膜,通过单因素实验研究了Ce(NO3 )3 浓度和KMnO4 浓度对转化膜耐腐蚀性能的影响,确定了较佳的浓度配比。分析了转化膜的结构及组成,通过交流阻抗谱,研究了Ce-Mn 对基体镁合金的防护机制。结果表明:Ce-Mn 转化膜为非晶态物相结构,膜层主要由铈、锰和少量镁的氧化物或氢氧化物组成,Ce-Mn 转化膜可对镁合金起到较好的防护作用。     

镁合金表面Ni+C涂层的耐腐蚀与耐磨性能研究

目的提高镁合金表面的耐腐蚀和耐磨损性能。方法采用非平衡磁控溅射离子镀技术与化学镀技术相结合,在GW83镁合金表面制备Ni+C复合膜层。通过扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱分析了薄膜的形貌、成分和结构。利用电化学和浸泡后ICP-AES测试,评价了该复合碳膜涂层的耐腐蚀性能。同时采用摩擦磨损试验获得Ni+C复合膜层的磨损寿命。结果 Ni+C复合膜层致密均匀,表面孔隙率极低,表面碳层为典型的类石墨膜并且含有大量的无序结构。相对于GW83镁合金来说,Ni+C复合膜层的存在导致在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀电位正移了301 m V,腐蚀电流密度从186μA/cm2降低至11μA/cm2。浸渍后ICP-AES试验显示,Ni+C涂覆的镁合金GW83的金属离子释放量更低。摩擦磨损试验表明,Ni+C涂层的磨损寿命为7000 s,与镁合金基体相比,Ni+C复合涂层极大地提高了其磨损寿命。结论在该Ni+C复合膜层中,表面碳层较致密,与Ni层结合良好,显著提高了基体的耐腐蚀性能。此外由于存在较厚的Ni中间层,对膜层起到了较大的支撑作用,Ni+C复合膜层从而延长了基体镁合金的磨损寿命。     

Pretreatment-free Ni−P plating on magnesium alloy at low temperatures

Electrochemically promoted electroless plating (EPEP) was used for the application of pretreatment-free Ni?P coating on AM60B magnesium alloy at low temperatures and the obtained coating was characterized by SEM, AFM, EDS and XRD techniques. Compact, uniform, and medium-phosphorus Ni?P coating with mixed crystalline?amorphous microstructure was obtained by applying a cathodic current density of 4 mA/cm² at 50 °C. Also, island-like nickel clusters were deposited on the alloy surface under the same plating condition but without applying the cathodic current. In addition, the durability of the magnesium alloy against corrosion was strongly improved after plating via EPEP technique which was revealed by electrochemical examinations in 3.5% NaCl (mass fraction) corrosive electrolyte. The results of the electrochemical examinations were confirmed by microscopic observations. Thickness, microhardness, porosity and adhesive strength of the deposits were also qualified.     

Cohesive mechanism of the FeCr/Ni Interface: A first-principles study

Based on previous experimental results, a series of FeCr/Ni interface models have been constructed and analyzed using a first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method. Several parameters, such as the ideal work of separation (W), formation enthalpy (ΔH), cohesive energy (ΔE), and electronic structure were calculated in order to analyze the bonding performance and adhesion mechanisms of elements along an FeCr/Ni interface. The largest ideal work of separation was obtained for the Fe(100)/Ni(100) interface, which implies that this interface model presented the most stable structure among a series of crystal interface indices, e.g., (100), (110), and (111). With Cr doping, the W of the FeCr(100)/Ni(100) interface was increased by 101.571 mJ/m². The corresponding ΔH and ΔE values also indicated that the FeCr(100)/Ni(100) interface model was strengthened by doping with chromium. Furthermore, the overlap population ratio, R _LBOP (R _LBOP= 1.04), of FeCr(100)/Ni(100) was smaller than that of Fe(100)/Ni(100) (R _LBOP = 1.35), which implies that the toughness of the Fe(100)/Ni(100) interface can be improved by the presence of chromium impurities. Moreover, electronic structure analysis provided an understanding of the mechanical performance of the various Fe(Cr)/Ni interface models. Thus, our findings open a potential avenue for the comprehensive study of composite material designs.     

Microstructure,microhardness and corrosion resistance of laser cladding Ni–WC coating on AlSi5Cu1Mg alloy

The microstructure, microhardness, and corrosion resistance of laser cladding Ni–WC coating on the surface of AlSi5Cu1Mg alloy were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, microhardness testing, immersion corrosion testing, and electrochemical measurement. The results show that a smooth coating containing NiAl, Ni₃Al, M₇C₃, M₂₃C₆ phases (M=Ni, Al, Cr, W, Fe) and WC particles is prepared by laser cladding. Under a laser scanning speed of 120 mm/min, the microhardness of the cladding coating is 9–11 times that of AlSi5Cu1Mg, due to the synergistic effect of excellent metallurgical bond and newly formed carbides. The Ni–WC coating shows higher corrosion potential (−318.09 mV) and lower corrosion current density (12.33 μA/cm²) compared with the matrix. The crack-free, dense cladding coating obviously inhibits the penetration of Cl⁻ and H⁺, leading to the remarkedly improved corrosion resistance of cladding coating.     

含稀土真空熔结镍基合金涂层的界面组织和分布特性

通过研究了真空熔结镍基合金涂层纵截面的微观组织、相结构、以及合金元素和显微硬度的分布特征，结果表明，稀土(Ce La)改善了Ni60涂层的组织，使针状相改变成了小球状相，加强了界面的冶金结合。Ni60 RE涂层还析出了新的第二相WC、Ni2B、NiB和Cr6，Nk2.5Si。稀土阻碍了涂层中Ni、Cr、Si等原子向母材的扩散和母材中Fe原子向涂层的扩散，提高了涂层中Ni、Cr、Si等元素的含量，降低了Fe的含量，减轻了碳钢母材中的Fe对合金涂层的“稀释”作用。稀土还明显地提高了合金涂层的显微硬度，两种Ni60合金涂层显微硬度的最大值都出现在距涂层表面的0．4mm处。     

Cu对非晶态Mg50Ni50电极电化学性能的影响

研究了用Ｃｕ部分取代非晶态Ｍｇ５０Ｎｉ５０合金中的Ｎｉ后对其电化学性能的影响。结果表明，Ｃｕ置换部分Ｎｉ后，合金电极的电化学容量有所降低，但循工作寿命有所提高。对氧化物电极的电位分析表明，Ｎｉ在循环过程中可被部分氧化，而Ｃｕ保持金属态。用Ｃｕ置换部分Ｎｉ后，循环过程中合金粒子间导电性提高，对吸放氢过程具有催化作用的金属态Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ总量增加，故循环稳定性增加。但由于Ｎｉ对放氢过程的催化作用高于Ｃｕ，     

Corrosion Testing of Ni Alloy HVOF Coatings in High Temperature Environments for Biomass Applications

This paper reports the corrosion behavior of Ni alloy coatings deposited by high velocity oxyfuel spraying, and representative boiler substrate alloys in simulated high temperature biomass combustion conditions. Four commercially available oxidation resistant Ni alloy coating materials were selected: NiCrBSiFe, alloy 718, alloy 625, and alloy C-276. These were sprayed onto P91 substrates using a JP5000 spray system. The corrosion performance of the coatings varied when tested at ~525, 625, and 725 °C in K₂SO₄-KCl mixture and gaseous HCl-H₂O-O₂ containing environments. Alloy 625, NiCrBSiFe, and alloy 718 coatings performed better than alloy C-276 coating at 725 °C, which had very little corrosion resistance resulting in degradation similar to uncoated P91. Alloy 625 coatings provided good protection from corrosion at 725 °C, with the performance being comparable to wrought alloy 625, with significantly less attack of the substrate than uncoated P91. Alloy 625 performs best of these coating materials, with an overall ranking at 725 °C as follows: alloy 625 > NiCrBSiFe > alloy 718 ? alloy C-276. Although alloy C-276 coatings performed poorly in the corrosion test environment at 725 °C, at lower temperatures (i.e., below the eutectic temperature of the salt mixture) it outperformed the other coating types studied.     

热化学反应法镁合金陶瓷涂层的制备及性能的影响

采用热化学反应法在镁合金基体上制备陶瓷涂层,并对涂层进行耐磨、耐蚀等性能分析。通过XRD物相分析,涂层中有新相生成。且涂层相对基体耐磨、耐蚀性能均有所提高。     

热化学反应法镁合金陶瓷涂层的制备及性能的影响

采用热化学反应法在镁合金基体上制备陶瓷涂层,并对涂层进行耐磨、耐蚀等性能分析.通过XRD物相分析,涂层中有新相生成.且涂层相对基体耐磨、耐蚀性能均有所提高.     

镁锂合金表面两步法化学镀镍工艺

首先,将预处理后的合金样品在碱式碳酸镍溶液中进行预镀,目的是在镁锂合金表面形成一层Ni-P合金薄膜;然后,在硫酸镍溶液中进行二次镀覆,获得具有保护作用的镀层。对获得的镀层的表面形貌、结构和抗腐蚀能力进行研究。结果表明：采用该方法能够在镁锂合金表面形成平整、光亮、致密的镀层,镀层与基体结合良好。镀层中磷含量达到13.56%（质量分数）,镀层的维氏硬度约为HV549。极化曲线测试表明,Ni-P镀层的腐蚀电位升高至-0.249V（vsSCE）,并有一个很宽的钝化区,这种现象显示该镀层具有良好的抗腐蚀能力。