PP/TiO2纳米复合材料耐老化性能的研究

用纳米TiO2与聚丙烯(PP)共混制得PP／TiO2纳米复合材料，研究了PP／TiO2纳米复合材料的耐老化性能，分析了红外图谱和微观结构。结果表明，PP／TiO2纳米复合材料的耐老化性能较PP有较大程度提高，其微观结构和力学性能也有所改善，且纳米TiO2用量越大，改善效果越明显。     

新型纳米光触媒剂二氧化钛改性聚丙烯的研究

采用一种新型的纳米光触媒剂二氧化钛(TiO2)来改性聚丙烯(PP)，将无机纳米粒子通过熔融共混方法与PP复合制备了纳米TiO2／PP复合材料，利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察纳米粒子在聚丙烯基体中的分散效果，研究了纳米TiO2／PP复合材料的力学性能和抗菌性能。实验结果表明，填充量较少时纳米TiO2在PP基体中能够实现良好的分散。力学性能测试结果表明，填加质量分数为1％的纳米TiO2可以明显提高PP材料的抗冲击性能；纳米粒子质量分数在0～1％范围内对复合材料的拉伸强度几乎没有影响；而随着纳米光触媒剂TiO2的加入，PP具有良好的杀菌作用，并且随着TiO2含量的增加，复合材料的抗菌性能呈明显提高趋势。     

钼酚醛树脂/TiO2纳米复合材料的研究

采用原位聚合法，用经表面处理的纳米TiO2对钼酚醛树脂进行填充改性，制备了钼酚醛树脂／TiO2纳米复合材料，研究了纳米TiO2用量对复合材料耐热性和力学性能的影响。结果表明，TiO2用量为1％时，纳米复合材料的玻璃化湿度和冲击强度达到最大值；TiO2用量为3％时，纳米复合材料的拉伸弹性模量和拉伸强度达到最大值。     

反应增容制备PP/纳米TiO2复合材料

在纳米TiO2表面包覆一层SiO2薄膜,用含氨基的硅烷偶联剂对TiO2表面进行修饰合成功能化纳米TiO2（sTiO2-NH2）,然后将sTi02-NH：与聚丙烯（PP）及少量马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）通过熔融共混结合反应增容技术制备PWPP-g-MAH／sTiO2-NH2纳米复合材料。考察了纳米粒子和大分子相容剂用量对复合材料性能的影响。由于功能化纳米粒子表面-NH2与PP-g-MAH发生了化学反应,增强了两相的界面作用并促使纳：米粒子在PP中的均匀分散,在添加质量分数为2％的纳米粒子和质量分数为5％大分子相容剂时,相对纯PP材料而言,复合材料的拉伸和冲击强度分别提高了32％和400％,实现了对PP的增强增韧。     

PP/无机纳米粒子/POE-g-MAH三元复合材料的研究

采用熔融共混法分别制备了PP/纳米SiO2/POE-g-MAH和PP/纳米TiO2/POE-g-MAH两种复合材料;通过力学性能测试和SEM照片研究了其力学性能及微观形态结构。结果表明:纳米SiO2和纳米TiO2对PP/POE-g-MAH复合材料具有增强增韧作用,在POE-g-MAH的用量为5%、纳米粒子的用量为2%时,PP/无机纳米粒子/POE-g-MAH复合材料的综合力学性能达到最佳;SEM分析表明,该复合材料在断裂过程中发生塑性变形,因而韧性较佳;由DSC分析可知,纳米SiO2、TiO2均对PP基体有异相成核作用,此作用随POE-g-MAH的加入得到进一步促进。     

聚丙烯/纳米TiO2复合材料的性能研究

研究了PP／纳米TiO2、PP／普通TiO2复合材料的流变行为、力学性能和抗菌性能。结果表明：在PP中加入TiO2后，熔体的表观粘度增大，PP／纳米TiO2复合材料尤其明显；熔体流变性对温度的敏感性降低，PP的加工温度范围变宽。纳米TiO2对PP的增韧作用比普通TiO2更好，在0-4％的范围内，材料的冲击强度随用量的增加而增大；而对材料拉伸性能的影响甚微。PP／纳米、普通TiO2复合材料都是有抗菌作用，PP／纳米TiO2的抗菌作用相对较强。     

纳米TiO2/PP复合材料的研究

研究了纳米TiO2／PP复合材料的力学性能和耐老化性能，实验结果表明，添加1％－2％的纳米TiO2可以明显改善PP材料的抗冲击性能；纳米质量分数在1％－4％范围内对复合材料的拉伸强度几乎没有影响；而添加少量的纳米TiO2可以大大提高PP材料的耐紫外光老化性能，说明纳米TiO2对紫外光有极强的吸收能力。TiO2/PP复合材料具有良好的耐候性，可以提高其户外制品的使用寿命。     

PP/TiO2纳米复合材料的研制及其抗老化机理分析

制备了聚丙烯(PP)／TiO2纳米复合材料,用氙灯耐气候试验机对该复合材料进行人工加速老化试验。采用紫外一可见光光谱法分析了纳米TiO2等粉体材料的紫外吸收性能;分析了PP／TiO2纳米复合材料的红外光谱并探讨了抗老化机理;对比研究了纯PP和PP／TiO2纳米复合材料老化期间力学性能的变化规律。结果表明,纳米TiO2能赋予PP优异的耐候性能,延长制品的户外使用寿命。     

PP/纳米TiO_2复合材料的结晶行为研究

采用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)表征了改性前后纳米TiO2粉体的表面特征。通过熔融共混法制备了PP/纳米TiO2复合材料。通过力学性能测试、DSC热分析和POM照片观测,对PP/纳米TiO2复合材料的力学性能和结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明:纳米TiO2对PP既增强又增韧;纳米TiO2在PP结晶过程中具有异相成核剂的作用,能够提高PP结晶度和加速PP结晶,可明显细化PP晶粒。     

微波与偶联剂对PP/纳米TiO2复合材料相容性影响

采用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对经钛酸酯偶联剂表面处理前后的TiO2纳米粉体进行表征,然后采用熔融共混法制备出聚丙烯(PP)/纳米TiO2复合材料,并研究微波辐照和钛酸酯偶联剂对PP/纳米TiO2复合材料相容性的影响。微波辐照后,PP/钛酸酯偶联剂改性过的纳米TiO2复合材料界面引入极性基团羰基,使纳米TiO2与PP的相容性得到了很好的改善;同时,微波辐照与钛酸酯偶联剂共同作用对PP/纳米TiO2复合材料有增强增韧的作用,主要是因为断裂方式和裂纹扩展方向发生了改变而导致。     

Nonisothermal crystallization and melting behavior of PP/nanoclay/CaCO3 ternary nanocomposite

Nonisothermal crystallization and melting behavior of PP/nanoclay/CaCO₃ ternary nanocomposite were investigated using different melt flow index (MFI) of PP, nanoclay and CaCO₃ contents. The rate of crystallization was also studied using relative crystallinity as a function of temperature and time. The results show that the increase of MFI of PP and CaCO₃ content in the prepared ternary nanocomposite shift the crystallization curve of PP to the higher temperature. However, increasing the content of nanoclay from 2 wt % to 6 wt % decreases the crystallization temperature possibly due to the restriction of molecular chain mobility. Further analysis of nonisothermal crystallization was carried out based on Avrami equation which the crystallization kinetic of prepared nanocomposite was evaluated. Except the significant variation in the heat of melting, the influence of these parameters on the melting behavior was much less than the crystallization process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

PP/EPDM/纳米弹性体粒子三元共混体系的脆韧转变

研究了PP／EPDM／纳米弹性体粒子(ENP)三元共混体系的脆韧转变行为。结果表明，与PP／EPDM二元共混物相比，三元共混物的脆韧转变可以在EPDM质量分数较低的情况下发生；在橡胶总质量分数相同的情况下，三元共混物有更高的冲击强度，拉伸强度有一定提高。从脆断样条的扫描电镜照片观察到，在相同EPDM质量分数下，PP／EPDM／ENP三元共混物中的EPDM粒子明显细化，分布均一，粒子间距减小，这是脆韧转变提前的原因。     

聚丙烯/黏土纳米复合材料结构及流变性能研究

采用固相法对黏土进行插层改性,制备有机黏土,再与聚丙烯熔融共混,成功制备聚丙烯/有机黏土纳米复合材料。XRD和TEM测试均表明:固相法改性黏土可以与聚丙烯形成结构为插层型和剥离型共存的纳米复合材料。利用动态流变仪研究纳米复合材料的加工流变性能,结果显示,有机黏土的加入有效地改善了聚丙烯的加工流变性能。     

Effect of clay modification on the morphological,mechanical, and thermal properties of polyamide 6/polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Polyamide 6/polypropylene (PA6/PP = 70/30 parts) blends containing 4 phr (parts per hundred resin) of organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared by melt compounding. The sodium montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) was modified using three different types of alkyl ammonium salts, namely dodecylamine, 12‐aminolauric acid, and stearylamine. The effect of clay modification on the morphological and mechanical properties of PA6/PP nanocomposites was investigated using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), tensile, flexural, and impact tests. The thermal properties of PA6/PP nanocomposites were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and heat distortion temperature (HDT). XRD and TEM results indicated the formation of exfoliated structure for the PA6/PP nanocomposites prepared using stearylamine modified montmorillonite. On the other hand, a mixture of intercalated and exfoliated structures was found for the PA6/PP nanocomposites prepared using 12‐aminolauric acid and dodecylamine modified montmorillonite. Incorporation of OMMT increased the stiffness but decreased the ductility and toughness of PA6/PP blend. The PA6/PP nanocomposite containing stearylamine modified montmorillonite showed the highest tensile, flexural, and thermal properties among all nanocomposites. This could be attributed to better exfoliated structure in the PA6/PP nanocomposite containing stearylamine modified montmorillonite. The storage modulus and HDT of PA6/PP blend were increased significantly with the incorporation of both Na‐MMT and OMMT. The highest value in both storage modulus and HDT was found in the PA6/PP nanocomposite containing stearylamine modified montmorillonite due to its better exfoliated structure. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1156–1167, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Morphology,deformation behavior and thermomechanical properties of polypropylene/maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/layered silicate nanocomposites

Nanocomposites polypropylene (PP) with 3 and 7 wt % of clay were prepared by melt mixing. Four types of maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAPP) in broad range of MA groups content (0.3–4 wt %) and molecular weights (MW) were used as polar compatibilizers. The effect of the MAPP kind on both the clay dispersion and miscibility with PP was studied. The mixed intercalated/exfoliated morphologies of nanocomposites in the presence of all studied compatibilizers were revealed by XRD and TEM. The oligomer compatibilizer with 4 wt % of MA groups increases the intercalation ability of polymer into clay galleries but this one has limited miscibility with PP and worsens crystalline structure of polymer matrix. The MAPPs with 0.3–1.3% of MA are characterized by the lower intercalation ability but well cocrystallize with PP. Maximum reinforcing effect is attained using high MW MAPP with 0.6% MA and for nanocomposite with 7 wt % (3.8 vol %) of clay it averages almost 1.7 times relative to neat PP and 1.3 times relative to noncompatibilized composite. Dynamic storage moduli of nanocomposites compatibilized by MAPPs with 0.3–1.3% of MA containing 7 wt % of clay increase up to 1.4–1.5 around 30–75°C and over the whole temperature range remain higher compared with both neat PP and uncompatibilized composite. On the contrary, the oligomer MAPP with 4 wt % of MA groups decreases the thermal–mechanical stability of nanocomposite at high temperature compared with both PP and uncompatibilized composites. The study of nanocomposites flammability showed that creating complex composites containing both layered silicate and relatively small amount of magnesium hydroxide can be a successful approach to reduce the combustibility of PP‐based nanocomposites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

聚丙烯/有机蒙脱土/滑石粉纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用双螺杆挤出机直接熔混的工艺,以聚丙烯(PP)为基体树脂,以滑石粉(Talc)和经有机改性的蒙脱土(OMMT)为填料,以马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAH-g-PP)为相容剂,分别制备了PP/OMMT和PP/OMMT/Talc纳米复合材料。结果表明,所得PP/OMMT复合材料为蒙脱土剥离或部分剥离的纳米复合材料;PP/OMMT/Talc复合材料的性能优于两种填料分别填充改性的PP材料,且分散及改性效果基本没有互相影响;与传统PP/Talc复合材料相比,制备的PP/OMMT/Talc纳米复合材料在各性能相近或更好的前提下,密度可以减少7%～10%。     

Thermal properties and morphology of isotactic polypropylene/acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber blends in the presence and absence of a nanoclay

A thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) nanocomposite based on polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR), and a nanoclay (NC) was prepared in a laboratory mixer with a 54/40/6 weight ratio. The effects of NC on the thermal properties, crystalline structure, and phase morphology of the TPE nanocomposite were studied in this work. The results obtained from the nonisothermal crystallization of PP, PP/NBR, and PP/NBR/NC, which was carried out with differential scanning calorimetry, revealed that the overall rate of crystallization of PP decreased with the addition of NBR to PP and increased when NC was incorporated into the nanocomposite. In addition, the crystallite size distribution was more uniform for the PP phase crystallized in the nanocomposite versus the PP itself. Also, although the PP in the reference blend (PP/NBR) crystallized only in the α form, the crystalline structure of the PP incorporated into the nanocomposite was a mixture of α‐ and γ‐crystalline forms. The effects of NC on the phase morphology of PP/NBR blends prepared with three different cooling methods (quenching in liquid nitrogen, cooling between two metal plates at room temperature, and molding at a high temperature in a hot press) were studied. For the samples quenched in liquid nitrogen or cooled between metal plates, a particulate–cocontinuous morphology formed. However, for the samples prepared under a hot press, a laminar‐like morphology was observed. In all three cases, a similar particulate–cocontinuous morphology formed for the reference blend, but the rubber inclusions were always smaller than those of the TPE nanocomposite. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Ultrasonic oscillations induced morphology and property development of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites (PPCNs) with 3% organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) content were prepared via ultrasonic extrusion. The objective of present study was to investigate the effects of ultrasonic oscillations in processing on the morphology and property development of PPCNs. XRD and TEM results confirmed the intercalated structure of OMMT in conventional nanocomposite (without ultrasonic treatment) and ultrasonicated nanocomposite, but ultrasonic oscillations could make silicate layers finely dispersed and a little exfoliated. According to SEM, the OMMT particles were evenly and finely dispersed in the ultrasonicated nanocomposite via ultrasonic oscillations, and the aggregation size of clay particles was about 100 nm, which is less than that in conventional nanocomposite. The crystalline dimension, crystalline morphology and the growth rate of crystallization in PPCNs were investigated by DSC and PLM, it was found that the OMMT particles and ultrasonic oscillations played an important role in the nucleation rate, crystallization temperature and spherulite size of PP matrix in nanocomposites. Compared with conventional nanocomposite, the mechanical properties of the ultrasonicated nanocomposite increased due to the improved dispersion of OMMT and diminished spherulite size. The thermal stability and the rheological behavior of PP and its nanocomposites were both studied by thermogravimetry and high pressure rheometer, respectively.     

Optimization of mechanical properties of PP/Nanoclay/CaCO3 ternary nanocomposite using response surface methodology

Response surface method of experimental design was applied to optimize the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/nanoclay/CaCO₃ hybrid ternary nanocomposite using three different levels of melt flow index (MFI) of PP, nanoclay, and CaCO₃ contents. The samples were prepared by melt mixing in a lab scale corotating twin screw extruder. The main effect of each parameter on the tensile modulus, tensile strength, and impact strength was extensively discussed. The structure of obtained nanocomposite was studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Tensile modulus and impact resistance of prepared ternary nanocomposite were correlated to considered parameters using a second‐order polynomial model. Also, the optimum values of studied variables were determined using contour plots. The obtained results show that increasing the nanoclay and CaCO₃ contents improve the tensile modulus up to 45%, whereas the optimum value of impact strength, about 54%, is achieved at low concentrations of nanoclay (2 wt %) and CaCO₃ (8 wt %). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011