三维点云无线遥控测量台的设计与标定

使用数控测量台和双目立体视觉测量设备实现被测样件完整的三维点云测量。设计了一种具有有线和红外遥控两种控制模式、可实现二轴移动和二轴回转运动的测量台,提出了一种标定测量台旋转轴的方法。在测量台上粘贴3个以上圆形标靶点并控制测量台绕待标定轴转动,使用测量设备获取测量台两个不同转角位置的标靶点三维坐标点集,利用点集坐标计算出待标定轴在摄像机坐标系下的一个位置,由多个位置优化完成轴的标定。实验结果表明,测量台的控制方式柔性、方便;标定方法简便、成本低、稳定可靠。     

Multicolor 3D Orbital Tracking

Feedback-based single-particle tracking (SPT) is a powerful technique for investigating particle behavior with very high spatiotemporal resolution. The ability to follow different species and their interactions independently adds a new dimension to the information available from SPT. However, only a few approaches have been expanded to multiple colors and no method is currently available that can follow two differently labeled biomolecules in 4 dimensions independently. In this proof-of-concept paper, the new modalities available when performing 3D orbital tracking with a second detection channel are demonstrated. First, dual-color tracking experiments are described studying independently diffusing particles of different types. For interacting particles where their motion is correlated, a second modality is implemented where a particle is tracked in one channel and the position of the second fluorescence species is monitored in the other channel. As a third modality, 3D orbital tracking is performed in one channel while monitoring its spectral signature in a second channel. This last modality is used to successfully readout accurate Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) values over time while tracking a mobile particle.     

云图数据驱动的三维云景可视化

云图是气象应用和研究中最常获取的资源,包含了丰富的气象信息,在天气预测中起到了关键的作用。将云图数据作为驱动,利用灰度共生矩阵和分形理论进行纹理特征提取,划分出基本云型,得到云景的分布特征。将这个粗糙分布,映射到地球上,得到基本的大气参数估计,在此基础上利用CML的方法生成三维云场并实现可视化。实现了对风云二号卫星云图的自动化分析,以及数字地球上的三维云景可视化。     

Fabrication and Deformation of 3D Multilayered Kirigami Microstructures

Mechanically guided 3D microassembly with controlled compressive buckling represents a promising emerging route to 3D mesostructures in a broad range of advanced materials, including single‐crystalline silicon (Si), of direct relevance to microelectronic devices. During practical applications, the assembled 3D mesostructures and microdevices usually undergo external mechanical loading such as out‐of‐plane compression, which can induce damage in or failure of the structures/devices. Here, the mechanical responses of a few mechanically assembled 3D kirigami mesostructures under flat‐punch compression are studied through combined experiment and finite element analyses. These 3D kirigami mesostructures consisting of a bilayer of Si and SU‐8 epoxy are formed through integration of patterned 2D precursors with a prestretched elastomeric substrate at predefined bonding sites to allow controlled buckling that transforms them into desired 3D configurations. In situ scanning electron microscopy measurement enables detailed studies of the mechanical behavior of these structures. Analysis of the load–displacement curves allows the measurement of the effective stiffness and elastic recovery of various 3D structures. The compression experiments indicate distinct regimes in the compressive force/displacement curves and reveals different geometry‐dependent deformation for the structures. Complementary computational modeling supports the experimental findings and further explains the geometry‐dependent deformation.     

基于点云的球面三维逆向建模

球面拟合是三维逆向建模中面临的亟待解决的复杂难题之一。它广泛应用于零件检测、建筑物结构恢复建模、医学血管和细胞模拟领域。论文改进了对三维球面点云进行直接拟合的方法,得到球面的相关几何参量,并在速度和精确度上都获得了提高。论文对拟合相关参数和噪声影响进行分析,并否定了对选定的数据集分组整合的算法。LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)算法是最广泛应用的最小二乘法二次曲面拟合的方法之一,本算法在与LM算法的对比中凸显了算法在时间和某些情况下精度的优越性,为进一步研究三维图形拟合重建恢复等工作打下了基础。     

直接氮化法制备氮化铝纳米线

在氮、氢混合气气流中(氢气10%,体积比),以铝和氯化铵混合粉体为原料,在水平管式炉中采用直接氮化法合成了氮化铝纳米线。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对纳米线的形貌和结构进行了检测与分析;研究了铝和氯化铵的比例(质量比)、反应温度、升温速度等因素对生成物的种类、形貌和氮化铝纳米线产量的影响。研究发现,所获得的AlN纳米线为单晶六方纤锌矿结构,表面不光滑且有非晶层,而AlN纳米线依照Vapor-Solid(VS,气-固)生长机制生长。获得了较为优化的制备氮化铝纳米线的工艺条件,利用VS生长机制和气相过饱和度概念对上述影响氮化铝纳米线生长的条件进行了初步的机理分析。     

三维紧致化存储系统中出入口位置的优化研究

目的解决三维紧凑型存储系统的设计问题,寻求系统出入口的最佳位置。方法建立数学模型,并优化求解,研究自动化仓储系统出入口位置的设计问题。结果在双命令存储模式下,当三维紧致化仓储系统的系统出入口位置在货架底端1/2位置时,双命令行程期望时间最少。结论通过假设出入口的位置,列出共计24种双命令下存取货物的期望时间模型,并进行了求导分析,发现在双命令存储模式下系统出入口最优点即为货架底端中点处。     

A Method of Obtaining Deformation Information by Tracing Deformation from Sections for 3D FE Simulation

With the development of computer technology and finite element method, the priority research area of plasticforming has focused on 3D FE simulation of forming processes for components with complicated geometrical shape     

非对称抽样区间x^-图

许多生产过程不满足休哈特图所基于的假设,过程均值向上飘移与向下飘移的发生具有不等概率,向上漂移幅度不同于向下漂移幅度.提出一种非对称抽样区间(x)图来监控此类过程,计算了控制图的效率测度--平均报警时间,与对称抽样区间图及非对称控制限图的比较显示此方案可以更快发现过程的变化.     

一种基于双信息源的人手空间跟踪方法

对人手的空间运动进行了分析和建模，提出了一种利用双信息源进行人手空间定位的新方法。利用视觉输入提取手的平面位置信息。借助安装于肘部的弯曲传感器获取手臂的弯曲角度。根据所建模型由二者通过模糊计算确定手的深度信息。通过实验，证实了该方法的有效性。     

三维重建中特征点提取算法的研究与实现

利用特征点提取和匹配重建三维模型是基于图像的三维重建的关键技术之一,其中特征点的提取是一个主要难题.在比较常用的提取方法后,着重研究了HARRIS算子并做出一定改进.采用灰度平均平方梯度矩阵的特征值作为角点响应函数,通过图像目标灰度和背景灰度的比较,得到一个自适应的角点响应阈值条件,从而提高了角点响应的适应性和精确性.此外,还提出提取图像边缘轮廓的幅度数据,基于此数据再进行角点检测的方法,得到了更为满意的结果.     

Exact 3D Thermoelectroelastic Analysis of Piezoelectric Plates through a Sampling Surfaces Method

The article focuses on the use of the method of sampling surfaces (SaS) to exact three-dimensional (3D) solutions of the steady-state problem of thermoelectroelasticity for piezoelectric laminated plates subjected to thermal loading. The SaS method is based on selecting inside the nth layer I_n not equally spaced SaS parallel to the middle surface of the plate in order to choose temperatures, electric potentials, and displacements of these surfaces as basic plate variables. This permits the representation of the proposed thermopiezoelectric plate formulation in a very compact form. The SaS are located inside each layer at Chebyshev polynomial nodes that improves the convergence of the SaS method significantly. As a result, the SaS method can be applied to 3D exact solutions of thermoelectroelasticity for piezoelectric laminated plates with a specified accuracy using the sufficient number of SaS.