Scheduling multi-product tree-structure pipelines

The problem discussed in this paper is short-term scheduling of distribution of petroleum derivatives from a single oil refinery to a number of depots through a tree-structure pipeline. Scheduling product batches in pipelines is a very complex task with many constraints to be considered. Batches of refined products and grades are pumped back-to-back in the pipeline, often with no separation device between batches. In this work a continuous-time, MILP problem representation for tree-structure pipelines is proposed. The approach is successfully applied to a number of pipeline scheduling problems, including a real-world problem. The data and experimental results are reported.     

Optimal economic operation of liquid petroleum products pipeline systems

The majority of overland transport needs for crude petroleum and refined petroleum products are met using pipelines. Numerous studies have developed optimization methods for design of these systems in order to minimize construction costs while meeting capacity requirements. Here, we formulate problems to optimize the operations of existing single liquid commodity pipeline systems subject to physical flow and pump engineering constraints. The objectives are to maximize the economic value created for users of the system and to minimize operating costs. We present a general computational method for this class of continuous, non-convex nonlinear programs, and examine the use of pump operating settings and flow allocations as decision variables. The approach is applied to compute optimal operating regimes and perform engineering economic sensitivity analyses for a case study of a crude oil pipeline developed using publicly available data.     

应用牛顿法计算埋地管道保温层经济厚度

为了节能降耗,炼油厂、油库中的大量管道以及长距离热油输送管道都需要采取保温措施,添加保温层就是其中的一种主要保温形式.主要介绍了埋地管道保温层经济厚度的计算方法的推导过程和数值求解方法.说明了牛顿法的适用条件和迭代公式,编制了相应的计算程序,并且给出了具体的计算实例,计算结果表明,牛顿法具有简单有效、精确度高等优点.     

Heavy oil refining and transportation: effect on the feasibility of increasing domestic heavy oil production

As part of a programme to assess the feasibility of increasing domestic heavy oil production from US reservoirs, a study of the crude oil transportation system and petroleum refining industry has been initiated to determine their ability to accommodate additional domestic heavy oil. This paper summarizes refining trends and potential limitations in the production/transportation/refining network that may influence the expansion of domestic heavy oil production outside the current heavy oil producing areas. Although the number of refineries has decreased over the past decade, the remaining large refineries have been able to stabilize charge capacity and increase refinery throughput. A few refineries have been designed to economically process select heavy oils and obtain acceptable yields of products. However, refiners seek more light sweet crude oil and less sour or heavy crude to meet the requirements of clean fuels as mandated by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Transport of heavy oil poses significant problems in that there are limited heated pipelines, and transport of heavy oil to distant refineries adds to the cost of heavy oil production. Addition of significantly more heavy oil, either domestic or imported, will substantially reduce refinery efficiency and throughput affecting yields and margins. This will not change without significant investment in refinery modification to be able to process heavy oil.     

西部管道原油成品油双管同沟敷设技术研究

西部管道是我国目前输送距离最长、设计输量最大、设计压力最高、输油工艺先进、自动化水平高、多支线分输和注入的复杂的原油成品油双管同沟敷设管道。本文从西部同沟敷设管道输油工艺、管间距以及原油成品油管间热力影响因素、建设施工工艺和管道沿线的阴极保护防腐技术等多方面,对西部原油成品油同沟敷设管道进行了研究。     

油气管道危害风险及预防措施

研究表明:油气管道运行过程中存在的风险问题较多,这也是难以制定有效预防措施的难点所在。管道的风险主要集中在腐蚀和老化、人为损坏以及地质灾害三个方面,这三种风险出现的原因不同,但是都会对管道的运行造成较为严重的后果;管道运营管理公司应从完善相关制度、加强管道监督、控制盗油问题以及做好防范措施四方面入手,采取多项有效措施,防止管道出现风险事故,保障管道安全运行。     

油田集输管线泄漏监测系统选择

为了更好地监测油田油气集输管线的运行情况,保障油田安全生产,对油田集输管线泄漏监测系统建设给出建议。     

兰咸成品油管道顺序输送混油量分析与计算

兰成成晶油管道是我国大落差成晶油管道之一,成品油在顺序输送过程中会产生大量的混油.阐述了兰咸成品油管道概况,分析了成品油顺序输送过程中产生混油的机理,并对兰咸线成品油管道顺序输送过程中产生的混油量进行了分析计算,通过分析产生混油的主要影响因素:初始湿油,流速变化,粘度差异,停输时间和地形差异等,同时提出了如提高管内流速...     

油气管道腐蚀检测及管道防护技术探讨

对于油气管道而言,腐蚀问题较为常见,针对管道的腐蚀检测及管道防护问题,结合相关技术的国内外发展现状,对油气管道质量的重要性进行系统分析,对目前常见的油气管道腐蚀检测技术进行探讨和对比,对常见的管道防护技术进行探讨,为油气管道腐蚀检测及管道防护技术的进一步发展奠定基础。     

石脑油管线腐蚀破坏原因初探及解决方案

大部分石油管线采用埋地方式铺设,极易腐蚀,造成漏油等事故的发生。分析了抚顺石化公司厂际互供石脑油管线腐蚀的原因,腐蚀原因首先为防腐层的破坏,其次为牺牲阳极的失效,进而不能有效地阻止腐蚀的发生,再次为杂散电流腐蚀、外部土壤腐蚀和内部输送介质腐蚀。根据实际情况提出了加强巡检密切监视管道、检测防腐层、重新更换牺牲阳极及排流设施,对特殊地段可采用强制阴极保护方式、使用3层PE或液态聚氨酯重新防腐等措施。     

外围油田埋地金属管道腐蚀穿孔原因及控制建议

管道作为大量输送石油、水、气体等介质的最为安全经济的方法在油田得到广泛应用,而输送油、气的管道大多处于复杂的土壤环境中,所输送的介质也多有腐蚀性,因而管道内壁和外壁都可能遭到腐蚀。据统计,采油九厂在2008、2009年平均每年更换腐蚀老化管线10.25 km,而在2010年更换腐蚀老化管线达到了15.195 km,可以说管线腐蚀问题,已经严重的影响到油田的正常生产。本文对龙虎泡油田腐蚀管线的成因进行分析并对采油九厂阴极保护实施效果进行评价,得出了外围油田埋地金属管道腐蚀穿孔的主要原因,并提出了相应的腐蚀穿孔控制建议,为管道安全输送提供技术保障。     

Continuous‐time scheduling formulation for straight pipelines

Pipelines represent the most cost‐effective way of transporting large quantities of refined petroleum products over large distances but can be challenging to operate. In this article, we propose a new mixed‐integer linear programming formulation for scheduling straight pipelines with multiple single and dual purpose nodes. The model allows for simultaneous injections and deliveries, and interacting pumping runs, in which a segment of the pipeline simultaneously receives material from its refinery and upstream segment. In contrast to previous batch centric models, it uses segment dependent coordinates. To make it efficient by design, we rely on generalized disjunctive programming and develop disjunctions for which the convex hull reformulation is simple (roughly the same number of variables and constraints as its big‐M counterpart). Through the solution of a set of test cases from the literature, we show a better utilization of the pipeline capacity that is translated into a lower makespan. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1923–1936, 2017     

输油管线节能运行研究

原油输送过程中能耗主要体现为输油泵用电和加热装置用气,输油管线的节能运行在于如何用最少的动能消耗和热能消耗完成原油的输送任务。对于管径大、输量大的某输油管线,如何降低输油能耗,成为研究的重点。通过对某输油管线进行工况分析和现场试验,找出了一种最经济的运行方式,并为输油管线节能运行提供了理论依据。     

江南水网地区长输管道风险评价的复杂性及其对策

对江南水网软土环境中油气长输管道的特点进行了分析。结合湖州至杭州天然气长输管道、宁波至杭州成品油长输管道的风险评价工作,指出了现行的长输管道风险评价方法在江南水网地区软土环境油气长输管道评价时存在的问题,并在深入分析的基础上,对提高该地区油气长输管道安全技术水平提出了若干建议。     

埋地热油管道安全停输时间计算方法及其影响因素

加热输送是目前易凝高粘原油的最主要的广泛采用的输送工艺,但管道停输时间过长,易导致凝管事故。为了避免凝管事故的发生,需要对输油管道的停输安全性进行研究。介绍了埋地热油管道安全停输时间的近似计算方法,幵结合计算实例分析了安全停输时间的主要影响因素。     

管道泄漏检测系统中次声波信号传播规律研究

由于输油输气管道的运行环境不同、输送介质不同,从而造成了每条管道的声波信号完全不同,管道泄漏声发射信号既携带系统结构中的某些特征信息(泄漏孔大小和位置等),同时又有很大的随机性和不确定性。次声波泄漏检测技术是对管壁状况检测的声发射检测方法和基于现代信号处理的检漏方法二者结合,从而进行管道泄漏检测和泄漏点的定位。文章中把次声波传感器接受泄漏次声信号的过程比拟为"听"的动作,来研究在油气管道泄漏检测系统中次声波信号传播的规律。     

Source-based discrete and continuous-time formulations for the crude oil pooling problem

The optimization of crude oil operations in refineries is a challenging scheduling problem due to the need to model tanks of varying composition with nonconvex bilinear terms, and complicating logistic constraints. Following recent work for multiperiod pooling problems of refined petroleum products, a source-based mixed-integer nonlinear programming formulation is proposed for discrete and continuous representations of time. Logistic constraints are modeled through Generalized Disjunctive Programming while a specialized algorithm featuring relaxations from multiparametric disaggregation handles the bilinear terms. Results over a set of test problems from the literature show that the discrete-time approach finds better solutions when minimizing cost (avoids source of bilinear terms). In contrast, solution quality is slightly better for the continuous-time formulation when maximizing gross margin. The results also show that the specialized global optimization algorithm can lead to lower optimality gaps for fixed CPU, but overall, the performance of commercial solvers BARON and GloMIQO are better.     

稠油管道输送技术研究

高粘的稠油使得输送成为管道从业者的一个难题,尤其是发生凝管事故后的再启动问题。对稠油高粘的实质进行研究发现,决定稠油粘度的实质为原油体系中沥青质分子和非沥青质分子相互作用所形成的大分子胶束聚集体所致。国内外稠油输送方法有加热法、裂解降粘法、掺稀输送法、添加改性剂法、低粘液环输送法、微生物法、超声波法和超临界CO2输送法。各方法各具优缺点,没有一种方法适用于所有稠油,另外还需要考虑经济性问题。目前国内最常用的输送方法为加热法和掺稀法。在实际中,针对不同稠油要进行一定的技术分析和研究才能决定选择何种输送技术。     

成品油长输管道泄漏事故树风险分析

分析了某在建成品油长输管道投运后可能导致泄漏事故的诸因素,建立了泄漏事故树模型。通过泄漏事故树的最小径集以及基本事件的结构重要度对泄漏事件做了定性分析,识别引起管道泄漏的主要因素,提出了安全防范措施,为更好地实施长输管道安全管理提供重要依据。