氧化-混凝法处理含砷选矿废水的试验研究

以某钨矿含砷选矿废水为处理对象,针对常规铁盐混凝工艺除砷的不足,提出采用氧化-铁盐混凝法。氧化剂选用双氧水和次氯酸钠,研究探讨了两种氧化剂对混凝沉淀法除砷效果的影响。结果表明,当铁盐除砷的工艺条件:pH值7.55左右,三氯化铁投加量453.33 mg·L-1(Fe/As摩尔比=3.0),混凝反应时间25 min,PAM投加量40 mg·L-1固定时,双氧水氧化反应阶段的最佳工艺条件为:pH值5.50~7.50,氧化时间25 min,双氧水投加量950 mg·L-1,选矿含砷废水经该预氧化工艺处理后,再由铁盐沉淀法处理,出水砷浓度降至0.302 mg·L-1,砷去除率达到99.28%;次氯酸钠氧化反应阶段的最佳工艺条件为:pH值6.00~8.00,氧化时间25 min,次氯酸钠投加量1500 mg·L-1,选矿含砷废水经该预氧化工艺处理后,再由铁盐沉淀法处理,出水砷浓度为0.437 mg·L-1,砷去除率可达到99.0%。经比较分析得出双氧水为最佳氧化剂。     

光电协同降解兰炭废水研究

采用光催化与电化学氧化相结合技术对兰炭废水进行降解试验。用石墨片和活性炭颗粒为三维电极材料,外加紫外光灯条件下分别考察外加电压、活性炭颗粒投加量、电解质浓度和二氧化钛光催化剂(P25)投加量等对纯苯酚溶液中苯酚和COD去除率的影响。结果表明,当外加电压10V、活性炭颗粒投加量8g、电解质浓度0.15mol/L、P25投加量0.6g时,1 000mg/L的苯酚溶液中3h时苯酚和COD的去除率分别达到81.11%和73.64%;以此工艺条件,对某兰炭企业产生的兰炭废水(COD32 700mg/L)进行降解试验,COD去除率为60.63%。     

Fenton法处理化学实验室有机废水

Fenton法具有氧化性强，操作便捷，反应迅速安全稳定等优点，对于高浓度有机废水有较好的实验效果。本文采用Fenton法对攀枝花学院化学实验室产生的有机废水进行处理，通过单因素实验，探讨了FeSO₄·7H₂O投加量、H₂O₂投加量、pH值、反应温度和反应时间等五个因素对有机废水COD去除率的影响。单因素实验结果表明：在pH值=3,H₂O₂投加量为2.0 mL/100mL,FeSO₄·7H₂O投加量为0.5 g/100mL,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为60 min, COD去除率达到最大为83%。在单因素的基础上，进行了正交实验，结果表明：四个影响因素对实验结果影响大小的顺序为：R2(pH)> R1(Fe²⁺/H₂O₂)>R4(反应时间)>R3(温度),四因素的最佳组合为：pH值=3,温度为50℃,Fe²⁺/H...     

陶粒-海绵铁混合填料BAF深度处理酱油废水研究

[目的]减少酱油废水给环境带来的污染,降低酱油废水深度处理的费用.[方法]采用曝气生物滤池对酱油废水2级好氧处理出水进行深度处理,研究其性能特点和影响因素.[结果]不同气水比对废水COD去除效果的影响要大于对色度、浊度去除的影响;不同水力负荷对COD、色度的去除均有一定影响,色度的去除随水力负荷的增加去除率有所下降,当水力负荷为0.51 m3/(m2·h)时对污染物的去除效果最为理想;废水色度和COD去除率与填料层高度的关系为随高度增加而升高,在100 cm处对废水色度和COD去除率达到64.4%和58.4%.[结论]曝气生物滤池以陶粒-海绵铁混合填料可以很好地去除酱油废水2级好氧出水中的色度和浊度,进一步降低废水COD,在气水比为2∶ 1、水力负荷为0.51 m3/(m2·h)时对各种污染物的效果最好.     

预氧化—混凝法处理浮选废水中COD试验研究

采用预氧化—混凝法作为预处理工艺去除浮选废水中的COD,考察了不同反应条件下对污染物的去除效果。研究结果表明:采用长春黄金研究院自制试剂CCG708和CCG821(投加量分别为240 mg/L、8 m L/L)作为预氧化药剂,在Na2CO3除钙剂投加量为500 mg/L、碱式氯化铝混凝剂投加量为100 mg/L条件下,废水处理后COD去除率达到73.28%,去除效果较好。     

ABR-人工湿地组合工艺处理生活污水

研究厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)与人工湿地(constructed wetland)的组合工艺处理低浓度生活污水的运行特点及效果.结果表明:ABR的最佳停留时间(HRT)为12 h,COD的平均去除率为76%;人工湿地的最佳HRT为4d.ABR-人工湿地组合工艺COD总去除率平均为89%,出水COD浓度为42～51 mg·L-1;对BOD5的总去除率达到95%,出水浓度低于11.2 mg·L-1;对SS的总去除率达到95%以上,出水SS浓度平均为9.1 mg·L-1;对氨氮有明显的去除效果,总去除率平均为66.8%,出水氨氮浓度低于15 mg·L-1.各项出水水质除氨氮外均满足GB18918-2002(城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>一级B标准.ABR-人工湿地组合工艺可作为农村生活污水的处理工艺推广使用.     

含有机污染物废水电解及机理研究

利用电解氧化技术对有机污染物废水进行了研究.首先,研究了电解机理,电解作用有4种:絮凝作用、浮选作用、直接氧化还原作用、间接氧化还原作用;然后,研究了影响处理效果的因素,这些因素主要包括:电流密度(电流强度或电压)、pH值、电解时间、电解质投加量、极板间距等.试验结果表明,在其它条件不变时,最佳电流强度为4A,最佳pH值为7,电解时间为80min,电解质投加量越高COD去除率越高,最佳极板间距为2cm.     

改性铝土矿处理高质量浓度有机废水的研究

铝土矿经改性后,针对高质量浓度有机废水的处理进行了试验研究,确定了最佳处理试验条件.试验结果表明,在pH值为10、改性铝土矿投加量分别为6g/L和10g/L、搅拌速度为60r/min、搅拌时间分别为30min和40min的条件下,初始质量浓度为6 250mg/L的有机废水去除率为73.5%,初始质量浓度为54 600mg/L的有机废水去除率为64.2%.     

催化臭氧氧化法深度处理焦化废水的研究

采用自制的γ-Al_2O_3基催化剂进行催化臭氧氧化焦化废水的试验,当铁锰铜镍质量比为1∶1∶1∶1,催化剂处理效果最佳。通过单因素试验分析了一定条件下的反应时间、催化剂用量、废水pH值、反应温度对废水处理效果的影响,确定催化臭氧氧化最佳工艺参数为:反应时间为50min,臭氧产量为10g/h,催化剂投加量为5g/L,废水pH值为9,反应温度为60℃。经催化臭氧氧化工艺处理后,焦化废水COD、NH_3-N、色度的去除率分别为54.67%,77%,90%。各项指标达到炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准。     

稀土离子均相电催化氧化处理含酚模拟废水

以不同稀土离子为催化剂,研究了含酚模拟废水的电催化氧化降解.以COD和苯酚的去除情况作为考察指标,确定最佳催化剂及其最佳处理条件;考察了稀土离子与过渡金属离子的投配比对废水处理效果的影响,并对4种稀土催化剂的电化学性能进行了测试.结果表明:所选稀土离子La3+、Ce4+、Pr3+、Nd3+对苯酚的氧化均有良好的电催化性能,其中Pr3+的均相电催化效果最好.在pH =3、电流密度为66.7mA · cm-2条件下,Pr3+投加 量为0.11mmol·L-1能达到最好的降解效果.在此条件下电解废水60min时,COD和苯酚去除率分别达到62.1％和76.3％,比未加催化剂分别提高35.1％和36.6％.Pr3+和Mn2+的协同作用可提高废水的处理效果,当Mn2+与Pr3+的投配比为1∶1时电催化处理效果最好.     

吸附-絮凝法去除铼萃取有机废液中COD

以江西某厂铼生产过程中产生的难降解萃取有机废液为研究对象,采用吸附-絮凝法去除企业萃取废液中难降解的化学需氧量（COD）。每100 mL该废液加入5 mL浓度为5%的聚合氯化铝（PAC）溶液和0.5 g炭粉搅拌15 min,再加入1 mL浓度为0.3%的聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）溶液,抽滤后,COD可从1368 mg/L降至200 mg/L,废液COD去除率为85.38%。研究结果表明,该方法可大幅提高难降解有机废水中COD的去除率,保证现有污水处理后续工序水质的COD稳定,减轻企业环保压力,降低运行成本。     

Activated Carbon Addition to an Activated Sludge Model Reactor for Color Removal from a Cotton Textile Processing Wastewater

Color removal from cotton textile processing wastewater by addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) into a lab-scale activated sludge system was examined. The activated sludge system was continuously operated in different sludge ages (SRTs) and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). SRT = 30?d and HRT = 1.6?d operation resulted in up to 36% color removal and 94% COD removal. PAC was added 100, 200, and 400 mg/L into the activated sludge system under these operating conditions. The results indicated that 100 mg/L PAC was sufficient to remove the maximum color measured (up to 50 m?1) from the wastewater. The addition of PAC did not affect chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal significantly. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) tests were also performed to investigate the microbial activities controlling the system performance. The average OUR was 74.1 mg/L/h without PAC addition while it was 70 mg/L/h with PAC addition. Adsorbable organic halogens of the effluent wastewater decreased from 400 to 50 μg/L with the addition of PAC. Toxicity dilution factor decreased from 2 to 1.5 with the PAC addition into the activated sludge system.     

混凝法去除德兴铜矿浮选废水COD的研究

针对德兴铜矿浮选废水中存在大量浮选药剂,废水COD高的特点,研究采用PAC、PFS以及PAM对浮选废水进行混凝预处理,分别进行了混凝药剂投加浓度和最佳pH值试验,试验结果表明:通过混凝法处理浮选废水中的残留药剂存在一定困难,采用PFS浓度300 mg/L与PAM浓度0.5 mg/L所组成的复合药剂,在pH值为8.0,废水的COD最大去除率达到32.4%。     

Dosage Control of the Fenton Process for Color Removal of Textile Wastewater Applying ORP Monitoring and Artificial Neural Networks

Textile wastewater containing a high level of color and refractory chemical oxidation demand (COD) is difficult to treat using traditional wastewater treatment processes. Typically, a chemical process was suggested as a pretreatment to remove color and increase biodegradability of refractory organic materials. A biological process was then used to remove organic materials and reduce chemical costs for textile wastewater treatment. Fenton oxidation is one of the most effective chemical processes for removing color and COD for textile wastewater. In Fenton processes, oxidations by generated hydroxyl radical are the key factor for color removal in textile wastewaters; thus, monitoring oxidation reduction potential (ORP) should have high potential in Fenton dosage control for color removal in textile wastewater treatment. The main object of this study is to build a Fenton dosage control strategy that uses ORP monitoring and artificial neural network (ANN) models for removing color from textile wastewaters. Two wastewaters, synthetic and real textile, were used in this study. Experimental results have shown that the ANN models precisely represent the correlation between monitoring ORP, Fenton doses, color removal efficiency, and effluent color value, and therefore can be used to control Fenton doses for removing color from textile wastewater. Finally, another series of Fenton dose-control experiments for different color removal control targets were conducted to evaluate this proposed Fenton dose control strategy. Experimental results indicate that the proposed control strategy precisely controls the required Fenton doses for different control targets for both synthetic and real textile wastewaters, and result in reduced chemical costs.     

生物法处理冷轧高浓度含铬废水的中试研究

概述了微生物法应用于冷轧高浓度含铬废水处理的中试装置和工艺流程.选用彩涂和硅钢高浓度含铬废水作为废水来源,试验了微生物对不同含铬废水中Cr6 、T-Cr以及COD的去除效果.中试结果表明,生物法除铬工艺可适用于上述两种含铬废水的处理,二者出水中Cr6 的平均浓度分别为0.02 mg/L和0.04 mg/L,T-Cr平均浓度分别为0.71 mg/L和0.74 mg/L,满足废水排放标准(Cr6 ＜0.5 mg/L,T-Cr＜1.5 mg/L).同时,对于含较高浓度COD(＞3 g/L)的含铬废水,该工艺可去除60%以上的COD;对于含较低浓度COD(＜3 g/L)的含铬废水,COD去除率低于25%,投加絮凝剂是提高该废水COD去除率的有效途径之一.     

吸附法脱除硫酸锰溶液中残余有机物

探讨粉煤灰、活性炭和膨润土等吸附剂对硫酸锰溶液中残余少量有机物的吸附效果,并以膨润土为吸附剂进行单因素试验,考察了膨润土用量、吸附时间、pH和温度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,使用膨润土吸附剂,在溶液pH为7.0,25℃,吸附时间30min,膨润土用量10.0g的条件下,硫酸锰溶液的COD去除率可达32.4%;改性膨润土较未改性原土脱除溶液中有机物的效果更好,且酸化改性膨润土优于热化改性膨润土,COD去除率达到40.8%。     

稀土复合混凝剂的制备及其在城市污水处理中的应用

报道了稀土复合混凝剂的制备及其在城市污水处理方面的应用,并且与聚合氯化铝(PAC)作了对比。该混凝剂用于城市污水处理,总磷去除率达99.12%,溶解性总磷去除率也可达94.51%,COD(Mn)去除率达65.84%,浊度去除率达99.28%,在溶解性总磷去除上用量较PAC降低近58%,在较小的投药量下,就可达到预期的效果,具有很好的开发利用前景。     

超临界氧化技术处理吐氏酸生产废水

为更好地处理难降解的高浓度有机废水,研究了在间歇式超临界水反应装置内,超临界水氧化技术处理吐氏酸生产废水的最佳条件及其处理效果.通过单因素试验和正交试验,系统地研究了不同条件下废水COD和色度的去除率.当温度为380℃、压力为24 MPa、时间为150 s以及过氧比为1.8倍时,COD去除率可达96.7%,色度去除率可达97.5%,且反应后废水的可生化性有极大改善.      

Fenton 絮凝工艺去除废水中的有机物试验

为了研究废水中有机物的去除问题,针对某企业含有机物废水进行了对比试验,采用了Fenton 絮凝联合工艺去除废水中的COD（化学需氧量）和浊度,考察了初始pH值、H2O2投加量、H2O2与Fe2+投加物质的量比、反应时间、絮凝剂投加量以及絮凝剂投加时的pH值对COD以及浊度去除效果的影响。结果表明,采用最佳工艺参数组合后,浊度去除率和COD的去除率分别为99.32%和97.27%。     

Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment using an anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch biofilter

The performance of a sequencing batch biofilter integrating anaerobic/aerobic conditions in one tank to treat a pharmaceutical wastewater effluent was studied. A pilot reactor, packed with a porous volcanic stone (puzzolane) was used in the study. The reactor operated as a sequencing batch biofilter, SBB, with reaction times varying for the anaerobic stage from 8 to 24 h and for the aerobic one from 4 to 12 h. The volume of exchange was from 16 to 88%. The pharmaceutical wastewater contained organic chemicals including phenols and o-nitroaniline, a concentration of organic matter that varied from 28,400 to 72,200 mg/L (as total COD), 280 to 605 mg N-NH4/L. and 430 to 650 mg SST/L. In order to acclimatize the microorganisms to the industrial wastewater, the organic load was increased stepwise from 1 to 7.7 kg COD/m3/d. The adequate time was obtained when the removal efficiency of COD reached 80%, or more. Maximal removal loads, associated to high removal efficiencies (95-97% as COD), varied from 4.6 to 5.7 kg COD/m3/d. Under these conditions color removal was 80% as Pt-Co units. Microtox analysis was performed to the wastewater and to the anaerobic and aerobic stages. It was observed that the aerobic stage was the responsible for wastewater detoxification. Results showed that the anaerobic/aerobic SBB was able to treat efficiently initial concentrations of the raw effluent up to 28,400 mg COD/L.