转炉烟道内二次燃烧和传热传质过程的研究

采用非预混燃烧模型和离散传播辐射模型,对转炉烟道内的流动、传热传质和燃烧反应进行三维数值模拟,研究炉气转变为烟气的规律和烟道内烟气浓度分布特点.结果表明,烟道内大体可分为3个区域:炉口燃烧区,卷吸的空气在烟罩附近与炉气发生燃烧反应;烟道混合区,燃烧后的烟气与未燃炉气逐渐混合,但仍有较大的成分波动;弯头混合区,烟气进一步...     

转炉炼钢污泥在转炉炼钢造渣的初步应用

回收利用攀成钢炼钢过程产生的污泥副产品用于转炉造渣，通过改善转炉过程的化渣条件，实现了炼钢副产品的有效循环。     

转炉除尘污泥的回收和利用

转炉除尘污泥粒度极细、脱水困难，难以回收利用，造成厂区环境污染。结合所做工作和国内发展情况，提出了几种污泥处理方案。     

攀钢转炉污泥的回收利用

介绍了利用攀钢转炉污泥生产球团的设备、工艺、球团性能及用于转炉炼钢的冶金效果。     

转炉炼钢利用废钢的研究综述

2010年中国转炉炼钢废钢比平均为7.6%,欧美国家转炉为20%左右。国外冶金工作者在实验室和钢厂进行了大量转炉利用废钢技术的研究,例如转炉合理的废钢加入量、废钢熔化速度、测定熔池温度和碳的传输系数、冶炼优质钢时合理地利用废钢等问题。中国对于转炉利用废钢的生产技术和基础理论研究工作都应加强。     

宝钢转炉煤气的回收与利用

简要介绍宝钢３００ｔ转炉历年来转炉煤气（ＬＤＧ）回收实绩,重点介绍宝钢ＬＤＧ回收利用情况,对ＬＤＧ回收利用系统的设计思想、功能、作用等进行了分析,同时介绍了宝钢为提高ＬＤＧ回收率和充分利用ＬＤＧ所采取的措施。     

转炉底吹供气方式对熔池混匀效果的数值模拟

通过数值模拟的手段,以北方某钢厂300 t转炉为原型,建立了转炉底吹的三维模型。研究了在非均匀供气制度下转炉底吹氩气对转炉混匀效果的影响,优化了设计方案。结果表明,随着底吹氩气流量的增加,熔池内平均流速和平均湍动能均增加,弱流区比例减小,但死区比例降低的幅度不大。单个透气砖氩气流量为440 m3/h时,流量分配比为1∶1、2∶1、3∶1和4∶1的平均速度分别0.189、0.204、0.167和0.168 m/s,死区比例分别为17.5%、11.60%、23.53%和20.23%。流量分配比为2∶1时转炉混匀效果最好,1∶1时次之,4∶1时再次,分配比为3∶1时混匀效果最差。     

复吹转炉钢-渣间容量传质系数的水-油模型

在熔池直径880mm、深258mm的冷态模型中，利用水模拟钢水、机油模拟渣、苯甲酸模拟钢-渣间传输物质来研究熔池直径5285mm、深1545mm的复吹转炉吹炼工艺参数对钢-渣间容量传质系数的影响。结果表明，枪位350mm，顶吹流量117m^3/h，底吹流量1．68m^3/h至2．36m^3/h时，传输物质苯甲酸的容量传质系数变化最显著，在采用枪位350mm，顶吹流量140m^3/h，底吹流量1．68m^3/h，底枪布置方式为8孔对称布置在0．66直径的圆上时，传输物质的容量传质系数最大。     

转炉脱磷及熔池氧化特性

为了改善脱磷,在实验室和工业转炉的基础上开展了一些试验.结果表明,在顶底吹条件下,搅拌强度、碳磷氧化反应转化温度、金属液碳含量和炉渣成分对脱磷有明显影响.用试验数据建立了一个包括碳含量和搅拌因素在内的磷分配比公式,并验证了一个脱磷反应速率方程.在考察熔池氧化性的同时,提出了一个支配铁氧化的吹炼指数来调整氧在炉渣和金属液之间的分配.在实际操作中,通过控制顶底吹条件和炉渣成分使脱磷和熔池中铁的过氧化均获得改善.

     

炼钢过程中能量的回收与利用

结合热力学第一定律和第二定律分析了炼钢过程中主要能量的转化和利用方法,探讨了转炉炼钢的热力学过程,以实例阐述了氧气转炉炼钢生产过程中能量的消耗,转移和合理利用以及节能途径。     

CO2吸收模型中容积传质系数的确定

气泡微细化是“原位机械搅拌法铁水炉外脱硫技术”的关键.气液传质系数是研究气液吸收过程的基本参数.本文根据相似性原理建立水模型实验装置,并通过测定NaOH吸收CO2的速率来研究气泡微细化过程,同时根据吸收原理定量计算出容积传质系数Ak及CO2气体利用率η.当溶液pH值从12降低到9的过程中,容积传质系数为2.938×10 4m3/s,本实验所用CO2的利用率的公式可简化为:η=18.98/Qt.本论文的研究结果可为进一步研究吸收速率提供理论依据.     

Model study of mixing and mass transfer rates of slag-metal in top and bottom blown converters

Water model experiments have been conducted to clarify mixing rates of molten steel and mass transfer rates between slag and metal in LD and Q-BOP furnaces using six different circular tuyere arrangements. Splashing and ‘spitting’ were also examined with a view to finding a quiet bath with minimum mixing time and maximum mass transfer rate. Froude’s similarity criterion was fulfilled to determine gas flow rate and bath depth. Complete mixing time of water determined by tracer technique had been 0.9 second to 1.8 seconds for Q-BOP as compared to 6 seconds to 13 seconds for LD. This shows that the stirring intensity in Q-BOP is remarkably larger than that of LD. A simple relationship τ = 5.9(Q/N) ^−0.49 was obtained with gas flow rateQ and number of tuyereN. This indicates that flow rate of gas per tuyere should be intensified to realize better mixing. Mass transfer coefficient K_Ba for bottom blowing was found to be almost double that for top blowing. Of all the tuyere configurations studied for Q-BOP’s, a half circular tuyere arrangement was found to be the best considering all aspects of mixing, mass transfer, and bath agitation.     

300 t脱磷炉渣-钢界面搅拌与传质效果模拟

 为达到良好的高效复吹效果,改善熔池搅拌情况,采用双指标（混匀时间和传质速率）研究了底吹布置方式对转炉吹炼过程中渣-钢界面搅拌与传质效果的影响。试验研究结果表明,最优布置方案为内8孔布置,此时渣-钢界面传质速率最大,混匀时间最小。大部分底吹布置的混匀时间与传质速率存在反比关系。从整体来看,内圈孔数越多,渣-钢界面传质速率越大,混匀时间越小。对于2-6分布,将底吹元件分布的内圈与外圈合并一起看,底吹元件分布得越均匀,则此布置的搅拌与传质效果越好。     

马钢一钢厂三炉对四机生产调度模型研究

在对马钢一钢厂炼钢-精炼-连铸工序时间参数进行分析研究的基础上,制定了该厂三炉对四机的生产调度调控方案,确定了生产调度数学模型,为全流程更好的衔接匹配奠定了基础.     

A simulating investigation into the characteristics of the mass transfer between molten steel and particles in the 150 t RH-IJ refining

The characteristics of the mass transfer between powder particles and liquid steel in the Ruhrstahl Heraeus process injection(RH-IJ)refining were simulatively investigated by the use of a 1/4 scale water model of a 150 t Ruhrstahl Heraeus(RH)degasser.The influences of the lifting gas flow rate,the up-snorkel and down-snorkel inner diameters and the size of powder particles on the characteristics of the mass transfer were examined.The results show that under the condition that the inner diameters of both the up-snorkel and the down-snorkel are the same,the mass transfer coefficient in the liquid,k increases with the increase of the inner diameter of the up-snorkel,the particle size and the lifting gas flow rate(Qg).However,the increase of Qg should not result in a saturated circulation rate.Under the current working condition,k ranges from 3.392×10-5 m/s to 2.661×10-4 m/s.On the other hand,with a given lifting gas flow rate and up-snorkel inner diameters,the mass transfer weakens with the increase of the down-snorkel inner diameter.An inherently nonlinear relationship between the circulation rate(Ql)of molten steel in the RH degasser and k,which increases with the increase of Ql,was found.Under the condition of other parameters being the same,k increases with the increase of the powder particle size.In order to enhance the mass transfer,it is better not to use extremely fine powder.     

气升式反应器内流动与传质研究进展

综述近几年来气升式反应器内流动与传质研究成果.介绍气升式反应器结构上的改进以及操作条件等对气升式反应器内流动与传质的影响;揭示传质过程中各动力学模型;总结气升式反应器在生物、环境领域方面的应用研究进展.研究内容为功能性气升式反应器的设计和放大提供理论依据.指出今后的研究方向与重点是要探索各操作条件对气升式反应器性能的影响规律,同时必须结合其它领域研究成果、采用CFD模拟技术、实验流动测量技术等来开发高效新型气升式反应器.      

Modeling Related to Secondary Steel Making

A big number of publications were collected to provide an overall picture of the modeling in secondary steelmaking. The referred papers could illustrate the general and typical approaches in modeling the process and sub‐processes of steelmaking. The flow, mass transfer, and heat transfer in the reactors were briefly discussed. While modeling of slag–metal interface was summarized, the strong need for further understanding of the interface was emphasized. Modeling approaches of inclusion generation, growth, and separation were also discussed. The requirement of in‐depth knowledge of these phenomena was addressed. The present review intends not only to provide a literature survey, but also to remind the researchers the importance of keeping balance between the experimental and modeling studies.