Effect of Modified Zeolite on One-Step Process of DME Synthesis

Abstract

HZSM-5 zeolites modified by MgO, CaO, and ZnO were prepared by impregnation and bifunctional catalysts were prepared by modified HZSM-5 zeolites and JC207 catalyst (a catalyst for methanol synthesis, which has been industrialized in China). Evaluation of catalytic activity was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor. Results show, with proper basic oxide-modified zeolite, a Br?nsted acid site (strong acid sites) shift to Lewis acid site (weak acid sites). Weak and less strong acid sites on HZSM-5 zeolite are activity centers for the formation of dimethyl ether (DME), whereas strong acid sites for by products such as hydrocarbons. Consequently, the selectivity of CO₂ and hydrocarbons decrease, especially with zeolite modified by CaO.     

CO_2加氢直接制二甲醚双功能催化剂的研究进展

综述了CO2加氢直接制二甲醚双功能催化剂的研究进展情况,重点介绍了双功能催化剂中甲醇合成活性组分、甲醇脱水活性组分和双功能催化剂的制备方法。CuO-ZnO基复合氧化物是最常用的甲醇合成活性组分,其铜锌比、制备方法和条件及助剂等显著影响双功能催化剂的性能。由于反应体系中含有较多的水,HZSM-5分子筛比γ-Al2O3更适合作为双功能催化剂的甲醇脱水活性组分。     

合成气一步法制二甲醚双功能催化剂的研究进展

概述了以合成气为原料一步法合成二甲醚双功能催化剂的研究现状及最新进展,分别介绍了双功能催化剂中的甲醇合成活性组分、甲醇脱水活性组分、两种活性组分的复合方法及配比等。锫和硼等是CuO-ZnO-Al2O3甲醇合成活性组分的良好助剂,硼、硅和钨可增强脱水组分γ-Al2O3的酸性,水蒸气处理和添加助剂可增加脱水组分HZSM-5的稳定性,共沉淀沉积法是制备双功能催化剂的较好方法。     

正交试验合成HZSM-5分子筛及其催化性能研究

针对用于甲醇制丙烯(MTP)催化性能研究的ZSM-5分子筛合成工艺的实际情况,选取了晶化温度、晶化时间、加水量、pH值4个影响分子筛合成的参数编制了正交试验方案,并对影响因素进行了正交分析,得到了不同参数对HZSM-5分子筛催化剂活性和P/E比影响的主次关系,探讨了正交试验用于甲醇制丙烯工艺优化的合理性及实验结果的可靠性。     

合成气低温合成二甲醚催化剂的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Cu Zn Al甲醇合成催化剂,在此基础上采用机械混合法和共沉淀沉积法制备了Cu Zn Al/HZSM 5+Al2O3二甲醚合成催化剂。以BET、XRD、TPR和XRF对催化剂进行了表征并采用高压微反对催化剂活性进行了评价。结果表明,所制备的Cu Zn Al甲醇合成催化剂同Topse公司的MK 101商业甲醇合成催化剂相比,前者具有更高的低温催化活性和稳定性。采用共沉淀沉积法制备的催化剂对于二甲醚合成的活性明显高于机械混合法制备的催化剂。以HZSM 5与酸性Al2O3(质量比4/1)作为复合脱水组分,当w(Cu Zn Al)/w(HZSM 5+Al2O3)=3 6时,以共沉淀沉积法制备的催化剂对于二甲醚合成具有高活性,特别是低温活性明显高于机械混合法制备的催化剂。     

分子筛改性Co/SiO_2催化剂对Fischer-Tropsch合成汽油类烃的影响

在中孔SiO2中添加USY,HZSM-5,β分子筛组成双功能载体,并采用初湿浸渍法在载体上浸渍钴盐,制备了一系列分子筛改性的Co/SiO2催化剂,考察了分子筛的类型、HZSM-5分子筛的骨架硅铝比、HZSM-5分子筛在载体中的含量对Fischer-Tropsch合成汽油类烃(C5~12)的影响。实验结果表明,载体中SiO2和分子筛共同作用,提高了催化剂的活性,并使产物分布向汽油类烃偏移,其中,以HZSM-5分子筛改性的Co/SiO2催化剂的催化性能最好。HZSM-5分子筛改性催化剂对催化性能的影响受其骨架硅铝比的影响。当骨架硅铝比n(SiO2)∶n(Al2O3)=38、HZSM-5分子筛在载体中的质量分数为20%时,CO转化率达到80%以上,汽油类烃的选择性高达55%,其中异构烷烃的选择性在10%以上。     

FCC Gasoline Hydroisomerization Over Pt/HZSM-5 Catalysts

Abstract

Pt/HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline hydroisomerization was prepared. The influence of calcinations and reduction conditions, the metal-incorporation technique, and metal loading on the hydroisomerization of FCC gasoline over the Pt/HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst was studied. The process opinion catalyst of FCC gasoline hydroisomerization was obtained under the condition of temperature 290–300°C; pressure 1.5–2.5 Mpa; liquid hour space velocity (LHSV) 2.0–3.0 hr^?1; V(H₂)/V(Oil) = 2.0–3.0. The results showed that calcination conditions have a significant influence on ion-exchanged catalysts, as they control the final metal distribution. The reduction conditions and the method used for platinum incorporation were found to be important factors that affected both the activity and selectivity of the catalysts. Pt/HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst possessed good activity for hydrogenation and isomerization. The olefin hydrocarbons of FCC gasoline were hydrogenated and the stability of FCC gasoline was improved under condition of unchanged octane number.     

A Study on the Selectivity of Methanol Aromatization

Abstract

The present study describes the performance of the HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst modified by Cu, Zn, Ga, La, P, Ag, and other ions for the conversion of methanol to aromatics in a fixed-bed reactor, and the influences of the system pressure and temperature on methanol aromatization are in discussion. The results show that the optimum single ion for the modification of catalyst was Zn or Cu. The optimum combined ions were Zn and Ga. The yield of aromatics could reach up to 66.6% on the catalyst modified with Ga2% and Zn10%.     

浆态床反应器中含氮合成气合成二甲醚的研究

Cu ZnO Al2O3甲醇合成催化剂和HZSM 5分子筛通过机械混合制备了合成气直接合成二甲醚催化剂,并在浆态床反应器中进行了含氮合成气制二甲醚的研究,考察了各种工艺条件对二甲醚合成性能的影响。结果表明:转子转速、原料气空速、反应压力和温度均对催化剂的反应性能有影响。采用浆态床反应器合成二甲醚,可实现等温操作并可使反应热及时移出,从而避免催化剂床层形成热点,使催化剂失活减缓,但CO转化率和二甲醚选择性相对较低。采用浆态床反应器与固定床反应器集成技术,不仅可以解决催化剂床层形成热点问题,还可得到90%的CO转化率和75%的二甲醚选择性,并使催化剂保持高的稳定性,二甲醚收率为68%。     

A Study on Modified HZSM-5 Aromatization for FCC Light Gasoline

Abstract

In this article, the HZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts modified with zinc nitrate and calcium nitrate are prepared by impregnation method. The FCC gasoline (<75°C fraction) is observed and studied on the modified HZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts. The results are that the Z _x -HZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts have a high initial aromatic yield but a rapid deactivation. The C _y -HZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts have a lower aromatic yield and a familiar deactivation comparing to Z _x -HZSM-5. The HZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts modified with bimetal zinc nitrate and calcium nitrate have a rather low initial aromatic yield but a long catalyst life; among them, the C_3.5Z_2.0HZSM-5 has the best performance. And also, the C_3.5Z_2.0HZSM-5 type zeolite catalyst has demonstrated good regenerated performance. After regenerated three times, the catalyst still has a good stability. The reaction operational conditions are also observed and studied. The results are that the optimal reaction temperature is 450–490°C, the liquid hours space velocity (LHSV) is 1 h^?1 and the reaction pressure is 0.1 MPa.     

水热处理对纳米HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制汽油性能的影响

对比了微米HZSM-5和纳米HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制汽油(MTG)反应的性能,发现采用纳米HZSM-5分子筛催化剂能得到较高的汽油收率和较长的使用寿命。对纳米HZSM-5分子筛在不同温度下进行水热处理,利用低温N₂吸附-脱附、XRD、NH_3-TPD手段对水热处理前后的分子筛样品进行表征。在380℃、1.0 MPa、空速3.0 h^-1的反应条件下进行MTG反应,对水热处理后的催化剂进行评价。结果表明,对纳米HZSM-5水热处理能显著提高其催化MTG反应的汽油收率和延长催化剂使用寿命。纳米HZSM-5分子筛的最佳水热处理温度为600℃,在此条件下处理后用于MTG反应,催化剂的使用寿命由水热处理前的84 h显著增加到216 h,积炭量却由35.8%降至23.7%。另外,随着纳米HZSM-5催化剂水热处理温度的升高,其催化MTG所得汽油产品中的异构烷烃和烯烃含量增加,芳烃含量降低。     

Transformation of Cycloparaffin over Zeolite-Supported Metal Catalyst for Improving the Octane Number of Gasoline

Abstract

In order to improve the octane number of gasoline, Ni/HZSM-5 and NiMo/HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method, and their activities for hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, and aromatization were investigated by the transformation of cylcohexane. The experimental results show that the conversion of cyclohexane is affected greatly by the reaction temperature. The production of methyl-cyclopentane is the result of the hydroisomerization of cyclohexane. The olefin distribution reveals that the hydrocracking reaction of cyclohexane over acidic zeolite catalyst probably obeys the dimolecular mechanism and the C₅ and C₇ olefins come from the cracking of the dimer of cyclohexane. The activities of the presulfided Ni/HZSM-5 and NiMo/HZSM-5 catalyst for the transformation of cyclohexane were evaluated and the product selectivities for two presulfided catalysts are similar to those obtained over reduced Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst.     

A Physicochemical Evaluation of Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst Utilized for Production of Dimethyl Ether From Methanol

A number of HZSM-5 catalysts modified with 5 wt% Mg, Na, Zr, and Al as well as others modified with 5–60 wt% Zn prepared by wet impregnation. These materials were characterized by the NH₃-TPD, XRF, and XRD analyses and tested in a slurry reactor to determine their activities in dehydration of methanol solution in kerosene. Reactions were carried out at 230°C and 19 bar for 4 h of residence time in the reactor. Results showed that in the first series, the catalyst modified with Zr and in the second series, the one modified with 10 wt% Zn led to the highest methanol conversion. It was deduced that elimination of strong acid sites and partial replacement of active cations in the HZSM-5 zeolite lattice enhanced the performance and improved resistance against formation of hydrocarbons and other by-products such as olefins all of which acted as coke precursors. In order to determine the activation energy, the rate equation of Bercic and Levec was utilized and assumptions consistent with reaction conditions considered. Hence, rate constants determined empirically through fitting experimental data to the aforementioned rate equation. Ultimately, the related activation energies were calculated. In comparison with common dehydration catalysts such as alumina, the activation energies of the modified catalyst decreased. Nonetheless, the superior performance of the modified HZSM-5 attributed mainly to the elimination of strong surface acid sites by partial substitution of cations resulted in prevention of coke and undesired hydrocarbon formation.     

Investigation on Technique for Ethylene Preparation via Catalyzed in Fluidized Bed Dehydration of Bioethanol

The V-P/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by impregnation method using HZSM-5 zeolite as the carrier.Its catalytic activity was examined on dehydration of bio-ethanol in a self-designed fluidized bed reactor to manufacture ethylene.The effects of dehydration conditions on catalytic behaviors were investigated.The results showed that the V-P/HZSM-5 catalyst demonstrated good activity for bio-ethanol dehydration.Both bio-ethanol conversion and ethylene selectivity were over 90% under the following reaction conditions:a P/V atomic ratio of 7.50 a catalyst calcination temperature of 300℃,a reaction temperature of 220℃,a bio-ethanol flow rate of 0.1 mL/min,and a catalyst dosage of 3.0 g.Furthermore,the catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic stability and regeneration capability.     

CO_2加氢合成二甲醚催化剂双组份复合方法研究

采用悬浮并流、湿混和干混的方法制备CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5双功能催化剂。考察了不同混合方法对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明,采用悬浮液并流共沉淀法制备的双功能催化剂,对CO2加氢直接合成二甲醚有较高的催化性能:在固定床反应器中,当温度为270℃,压力为3.0MPa,空速为4800h-1时,CO2的单程转化率达到27.12%,二甲醚的选择性达到47.63%。采用BET、XRD、TPR、TPD等对催化剂结构进行表征,结果表明HZSM-5分子筛的加入促进了CuO组分的分散,增加了催化剂整体的比表面积;同时CuO-ZnO-Al2O3组分也在一定程度上改变了HZSM-5的酸性中心的强度以及数量。     

甲醇芳构化的研究Ⅱ.NaOH处理HZSM-5分子筛催化剂的性能

采用NaOH溶液处理HZSM-5分子筛并将其用于甲醇芳构化反应,考察了NaOH溶液浓度、反应温度和甲醇分压等对催化剂甲醇芳构化性能的影响,比较了NaOH溶液处理前后HZSM-5分子筛催化剂的活性及稳定性。实验结果表明,产物苯、甲苯和二甲苯(BTX)的分布随反应温度和甲醇分压的变化规律与热力学计算结果基本一致。NaOH溶液处理显著调变了HZSM-5分子筛的结构和酸性分布,从而影响其甲醇芳构化性能。在所考察的催化剂中,0.2 mol/L NaOH溶液处理的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂表现出较好的活性和稳定性,在400℃、甲醇分压20 kPa条件下进行甲醇芳构化反应,BTX收率达48.6%,反应12 h后BTX收率仍高于35%,这主要归因于该催化剂具有适宜的酸量和酸强度分布。     

HZSM-5沸石的改性及其对甲醇转化制丙烯反应的影响

通过对HZSM-5沸石分子筛进行磷/铈/钾的改性,并在固定床微反装置中进行甲醇转化制丙烯的反应研究,探讨了催化剂酸性对反应的影响规律。结果表明,钾离子改性能够部分减少ZSM-5沸石分子筛的强酸中心,而对弱酸中心则无明显的影响,从而大大提高了催化剂对甲醇制丙烯的反应催化性能。     

A SINGLE-STAGE,LIQUID-PHASE DIMETHYL ETHER SYNTHESIS PROCESS FROM SYNGAS III. DUAL CATALYST CRYSTAL GROWTH,DEACTIVATION, AND ACTIVITY CONSERVATION STUDIES

ABSTRACT

In the liquid phase dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis process, both the methanol synthesis catalyst )composed of CuO, ZnO, and Al₂O₃) and the methanol dehydration catalyst (composed of gamma-alumina) are slurried in the inert oil phase. Various long-term activity checks were conducted on these dual catalysts to characterize the crystal growth and the thermal aging behavior. X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and elemental intensity compositions, and the crystallite size distributions of the aged catalysts were examined. Based on the current investigation, it was established that the crystal growth and the catalyst deactivation problems in the methanol synthesis catalyst are less severe when it is used along with the methanol dehydration catalyst.     

甲醇与轻烃催化反应机理的原位红外光谱探索

通过原位漫反射红外光谱法对甲醇与轻烃(正己烷为模型化合物)单一进料和混合进料在催化剂HZSM-5上随温度变化的反应过程进行了考察。结果表明：甲醇单独进料的情况下,低于150 ℃低温时,甲醇以氢键缔合羟基的形式吸附在HZSM-5分子筛表面;当温度升至300 ℃时,甲醇、二甲醚开始脱去氧原子转化为烃类。正己烷单独进料的情况下,在200 ℃时,正己烷与分子筛羟基相互作用;当温度升到300 ℃时,五价碳正离子开始裂解。甲醇和正己烷混合进料的情况下,低于150 ℃时,甲醇以氢键缔合羟基的存在形式优先吸附于HZSM-5分子筛表面;在200 ℃时,正己烷与氢键缔合羟基相互作用形成碳正离子,改变了甲醇的反应途径,降低了正己烷发生反应的活化能。     

HZSM-5分子筛的改性对合成气直接制二甲醚反应的影响

采用固态离子交换法改性合成气直接制二甲醚(DME)双功能催化剂中的甲醇脱水组分HZSM 5分子筛,制得一系列Mg ZSM 5催化剂,并用XRD和NH3 TPD表征其结构和表面酸性,发现改性后分子筛的晶型和结构未受到破坏,但分子筛表面弱酸中心增强,强酸中心减弱,酸中心分布较为集中。将由Mg ZSM 5分子筛与Cu基甲醇合成催化剂组成的双功能催化剂用于合成气直接制二甲醚反应,结果表明,目的产物DME选择性由改性前的53 62%提高到68 31%,而副产物CO2和烃类的选择性则分别由41 75%和0 23%下降至27 67%和0 02%。