Novel Terpolymers as Pour Point Depressants and Viscosity Modifiers for Lube Oil

Novel terpolymers were synthesized via free radical chain addition polymerization, using different molar ratios of the three used monomers (alkyl acrylate, styrene, and vinyl pyrrolidone). The structures of the prepared terpolymers were confirmed by FTIR, ¹H-NMR, and GPC. The prepared terpolymers were evaluated as pour point depressants and viscosity index improvers. It was found that terpolymers prepared from tetradecyl acrylate have a good efficiency than that prepared from hexadecyl acrylate as pour point depressants, and the viscosity index of lube oil increases with increasing the alkyl chain length of the alkyl acrylate used in the preparation of terpolymers.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Viscosity Index Improvers and Pour Point Depressant for Lube Oil

In the present work, four compounds were prepared by copolymerization of maleic anhydride with tetradecene to give (A), and then the copolymer (A) was esterified by a series of n-alkanol having different alkyl chain length. The compositions of prepared compounds were determined by molecular weight and by IR spectroscopy. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as viscosity index improvers for lube oil was studied. From the data, it was found that the efficiency as viscosity index improvers increases by increasing the concentration of these additives and by increasing the alkyl chain length of the alcohol used. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressants for lube oil was studied also and shows that the prepared compounds depress the pour point of the lube oil successfully.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Viscosity Index Improvers and Pour Point Depressant for Lube Oil

Abstract

In the present work, four compounds were prepared by copolymerization of maleic anhydride with tetradecene to give (A), and then the copolymer (A) was esterified by a series of n-alkanol having different alkyl chain length. The compositions of prepared compounds were determined by molecular weight and by IR spectroscopy. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as viscosity index improvers for lube oil was studied. From the data, it was found that the efficiency as viscosity index improvers increases by increasing the concentration of these additives and by increasing the alkyl chain length of the alcohol used. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressants for lube oil was studied also and shows that the prepared compounds depress the pour point of the lube oil successfully.     

Preparation and Evaluation of Acrylate Polymers as Pour Point Depressants for Lube Oil

In the present work, twenty polymeric additives were prepared and used as pour point depressants for lube oil, via copolymerization of different ratios of styrene with different esters of acrylic acid. The efficiency of the prepared copolymers as flow improvers (pour point depressants) for a base lube oil were studied. It was found that the efficiency increases by decreasing the concentration of the prepared copolymers, decreasing the chain length of alkyl groups. The efficiency decreases by increasing the styrene content in the prepared copolymers.     

Preparation and Evaluation of Acrylate Polymers as Pour Point Depressants for Lube Oil

Abstract

In the present work, twenty polymeric additives were prepared and used as pour point depressants for lube oil, via copolymerization of different ratios of styrene with different esters of acrylic acid. The efficiency of the prepared copolymers as flow improvers (pour point depressants) for a base lube oil were studied. It was found that the efficiency increases by decreasing the concentration of the prepared copolymers, decreasing the chain length of alkyl groups. The efficiency decreases by increasing the styrene content in the prepared copolymers.     

石墨烯添加剂对润滑油基础油摩擦学性能的影响

采用静置沉降法研究石墨烯添加剂的分散性以及储存稳定性,使用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了石墨烯的抗磨减摩性能,通过扫描电子显微镜等手段表征了磨损表面的形貌。结果表明：石墨烯可以降低基础油PAO10试验的摩擦因数和钢球的磨斑直径,提高基础油的减摩抗磨性能;相对于PAO10基础油,添加石墨烯油样在相同摩擦测试条件下,摩擦因数降低13%,磨斑直径降低17%。石墨烯和基础油的磨损机理均为磨粒磨损。     

Preparation and Evaluation of Acrylate Polymers as Viscosity Index Improvers for Lube Oil

This work is confined to the preparation and characterization of acrylate polymeric additives. These additives were prepared by esterification of acrylic acid with different alcohols (decyl, 1-dodecyl, 1-tetradecyl, and hexadecyl) and then copolymerization of the prepared esters with different moles of styrene. The molecular weights of the prepared copolymers were determined by GPC. The efficiency of the prepared copolymers for improving the viscosity index of the lube oil was studied. It was found that the efficiency increases with increasing the molecular weight of the prepared copolymers.     

Preparation and evaluation of some eco-friendly olethio-amide derivatives as lube oil additives

Eco-friendly synthesis of organic compounds is a major trend in green chemistry. Thus, we aim at producing some of the lube oil additives through the use of green chemistry. Dispersant lube oil additives are remarkable additives that regulate the formation of deposits throughout the process. Antioxidants do not prevent the oxidation reactions but only delay the rate of this process. In the present work, some additives for lube oil based on thiourea derivative were prepared by one-step reaction, which is the reaction of octadeca-7-enoy) chloride with ammonium thiocyanate in addition to different amines such as ethylenediamine, diethylene triamine, and tetraethylene pentamine as three-component system in order to prepare thioamide derivatives (A, B, and C). Infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, determination of molecular weights, and yield determination verified the chemical structure of all synthesized molecules. All the compounds produced are tested as lube oil additives (dispersants and antioxidants), and it has been found that all the compounds prepared are good as dispersants but have poor effect as antioxidants. The theoretical result is the same as the experimental result of antioxidants through the use of the quantum chemical calculations by calculating the energy gap (EHOMO-ELUMO). The best dispersant lube oil additive is (C).     

纳米铜添加剂与磷酸三甲酚酯复配体系的摩擦学性能

采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了表面修饰纳米铜添加剂（简称纳米Cu）和磷酸三甲酚酯（T306）单剂及两者复配体系的摩擦磨损性能，采用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对磨痕表面进行了分析。结果表明，纳米Cu具有良好的润滑性能；当其在一定浓度范围内与T306复合使用时，两者将产生协同抗磨减摩效应；且两者添加的质量分数各为0．5％时，复配体系的抗磨效果最佳。两者复合使用时，会在摩擦表面形成由单质Cu的沉积膜及FeS、SO4^2-和PO4^3-的化学反应膜组成的复合表面膜，产生了协同抗磨减摩作用。     

长链二烷基荒氨酸衍生物的合成及摩擦学性能

合成了6种无灰、无磷环境友好型润滑油添加剂--长链烷基荒氨酸酯衍生物;采用IR,UV-Vis,1H NMR,13C NMR对添加剂进行结构表征;用热重分析仪考察添加剂的热稳定性和抗氧化性能;利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察添加剂在液体石蜡中的承载能力和抗磨性能。结果表明,所合成的润滑油添加剂具有优良的热稳定性能和较好的极压抗磨性能。     

Study the Influence of Some Polymeric Additives as Viscosity Index Improvers,Pour Point Depressants and Dispersants for Lube Oil

Abstract

In the present work, some polymeric additives were prepared as pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers and dispersant additives for lube oil, these additives prepared by copolymerization of maleic anhydride with different esters of acrylic acids and then amination. The molecular weights of the prepared copolymers were determined by gel permeation chromatograph (GPC). The efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressants and viscosity index improvers was investigated. It was found that the efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressants increases with decreasing the concentration of the prepared polymers, increasing the chain length of alkyl groups and increases with decreasing the molecular weight. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as viscosity index improvers increases by increasing the concentration of these additives and by increasing the molecular weight of polymer. It was found that the amination of polymer enhance the efficiency of the prepared additives as pour point, viscosity index, and dispersant for sludge.     

光稳定剂在加氢裂化润滑油基础油中的应用研究

用IFP紫外光安定仪分别考察了苯并三唑型光稳定剂、受阻胺型光稳定剂、抗氧剂及其复配后对兰州炼油厂HVIWH12 5基础油抗紫外光吸收性能的影响。这 3种添加剂复配后的协合效应 ,解决了HVIWH12 5基础油的光不安定问题。还考察了柱层析 (除去极性化合物 )后的HVI WH12 5基础油加入上述 3种添加剂后的抗紫外光吸收性能 ,结果证明了加氢裂化润滑油基础油中的极性化合物是引起光不安定性的主要原因     

生物可降解润滑油

传统的润滑油部分流失或变质后废弃于大气和水土中,污染资源、破坏了生态环境和平衡。生物可降解润滑油性能符合润滑油的要求,废弃后能被微生物分解,不污染环境。生物降可解润滑油的基础油和添加剂都与常规润滑油的不同,植物油作基础油及无灰分添加剂是生物降解润滑油发展方向。     

Synthesis of polymeric additives based on itaconic acid and their evaluation as pour point depressants for lube oil in relation to rheological flow properties

Modification of the wax crystal habit practical interest during transportation processing of lube oil at low temperature. Various pour point depressant (PPD) additives can facilitate this modification by different mechanisms. Comb shaped polymer additives are known to depress the pour point of lube oil by providing different nucleation sites for the precipitation of wax. This paper describes performance based design, synthesis, characterization and evaluation of comb shaped polymeric additives. Alkyl itaconates were prepared by the esterification of itaconic acid with different saturated alcohols C₁₆/C₁₈/NAFOL 20+A (C_av = 20)/NAFOL 1822 B (C_av = 22). The four synthesized monomers were characterized and copolymerized with styrene in different molar ratios. All the products were characterized by infra-red (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Rheological properties of lube oil (with and without additives) were studied by Brookfield viscometer. In this study the additives based on itaconic acid were evaluated as good PPD and rheology modifiers.     

乳浊液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定润滑油添加剂中的锌、铅

将乳浊液进样技术应用于火焰原子吸收光谱法 ,成功地测定了添加剂中的锌、铅 ,建立了测定润滑油添加剂中锌和铅的快速分析方法。对乳化剂的选择、背景吸收干扰、空白溶液的选择及检出限进行了考察。测定结果与灰化法-火焰原子吸收光谱法一致 ,相对误差小于± 2 5% ,t检验表明两种方法之间无显著性差异。相对标准偏差小于3 0 % ,锌的检出限 0 0 68mg/L、铅的检出限 0 2 7mg/L。本方法简便、快速、准确。     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Polymeric Compounds as Pour Point Depressants and Viscosity Index Improvers for Lube Oil

Abstract

In the present study, some polymeric additives were prepared and used as pour point depressants and as viscosity index improvers for lube oil via copolymerization of maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate with different esters of acrylic acid. The molecular weights of the prepared copolymers were determined by GPC. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressant and viscosity index improvers was investigated. It was found that the efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressant increases with decreasing the concentration of the prepared polymers, increasing the chain length of alkyl groups, and increases with decreasing the molecular weight. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as viscosity index improvers increases by increasing the concentration of these additives and by increasing the molecular weight of the polymer.     

Multifunctional biodegradable lube oil additives: Synthesis,characterization, and performance evaluation

Copolymers of different concentration of decyl acrylate and 1-decene with rice bran oil were prepared and their characterization was carried out by spectral (NMR, IR), thermogravimetric, and gel permeation chromatography analysis. Performance evaluation of them in lube oil indicates that the polymers effectively act as pour point depressant and viscosity modifier. The viscosity index and pour point values depend on the nature of mineral base oils, polymer type, and also on the concentration of the additives in solution. Biodegradability test was also carried out and as anticipated, the rice bran oil–copolymers showed excellent biodegradable nature among the additives.     

Multifunctional Additives Viscosity Index Improvers,Pour Point Depressants and Dispersants for Lube Oil

Abstract

In the present work, some polymeric additives based on styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer were prepared and evaluated as multifunction lube oil additives (viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and detergent-dispersant additives). The styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer reacted with different alcohols (dodecyl alcohol, hexadecyl alcohol, octadecyl alcohol, and docosanol) to prepare four different types of esters and aminated with different types of amines (dodecyl amine, hexadecyl amine, and octadecyl amine) to prepare another three co-polymeric additives. Structure of the prepared compounds was confirmed by I.R. spectroscopy. The molecular weights of the prepared copolymers were determined by using gel permeation chromatograph and the percentage of esterification and amination were determined by ¹HNMR. The efficiencies of the prepared compounds as viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and detergents-dispersants were investigated. It was found that the efficiency of the prepared compound as viscosity index improvers increases with increasing the concentration of additives in the solution and with increasing the molecular weight of prepared compounds, while the efficiency of the prepared compounds as pour point depressants increases with decreasing the concentration of the prepared polymers. On the other hand, the prepared compounds showed excellent dispersion power.     

两段式溶剂精制法回收废润滑油的工艺研究

以糠醛为溶剂,采用两段式串流溶剂精制工艺,对废润滑油进行精制回收研究。在总剂油比1．0、精制温度70℃的最佳工艺条件下,回收的润滑油的粘度指数为104．61、折光率为1．4594、色度为1．0,达到了润滑油基础油的HVI标准,加入适当添加剂后可作为成品油使用。     

润滑油添加剂的升级换代和需求预测

简要介绍了润滑油添加剂的供需现状和发展预测，分析了推动润滑油添加剂升级换代的动力，阐述了即将推出的GF—4发动机油规格对添加剂的新要求。