十氢萘分散作用对沥青质加氢反应的影响

以十氢萘为溶剂,通过增加升温过程中的低温搅拌,强化十氢萘对沥青质的解聚和分散作用,提高沥青质加氢过程中在催化剂微孔中的扩散性能。研究表明：在373 K时恒温搅拌1 h,可以使沥青质加氢反应的转化率提高14.97百分点,焦炭产率降低2.68百分点;残渣油收率降低3.01百分点,四组分组成发生明显变化,饱和分、芳香分和胶质的含量均增加;硫、氮脱除率也有不同程度的提高。低温搅拌过程改变了沥青质的存在状态,有利于沥青质的加氢转化反应。     

CHARACTERIZATION OF HEAVY RESIDUA BY AAPPLICATION OF A MODIFIED D 2007 SEPARATION AND ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE

Seven atmospheric residua (343^°C + [ 65O^°F + ]) were separated into saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene fractions for detailled assessment of feed structure. The weight percent distribution of the fractions revealed two groupings of the residua. One grouping exhibited 20 wt % saturate composition, while the other only 10 wt %. The residua also exhibited high polar content (resin and asphaltene fractions) consisting of over 40% of the total residua. These results are related to the sulfur composition of the residua, and Indicate a fundamental relationship between the aromatic content and sulfur content. Discussion of the accuracy of the separation technique Is also Included.

The vanadium binding sites In the separated fractions were investigated by EPR spectroscopy. The resin and asphaltene fractions all appear to be dominated by 4N and N 0 2S coordination spheres. Discussion of this technique is also included.     

A Study on the Effect of Hydrogenated Residual Oil Four-Component Properties on Sulfur Distribution of Light Oil in the FCC Process

Abstract

Based on the data of a hydrogenated residual oil fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process in a petrochemical company, the effect of hydrogenated residual oil four-component (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes; SARA) property on sulfur distribution of light oil in an FCC process was reviewed and a conjunction formula between sulfur distribution of light oil and SARA property was established. The associated results indicated that sulfur distribution of light oil in the FCC process was reduced as the saturate, aromatic, and resin component of hydrogenated residual oil increased, and the effect factor decreased in the order, saturate > aromatic > resin. On the other hand, the enhancement of the asphaltene component made the sulfur distribution of light oil increase slightly. In addition, the conjunction formula was used to predict sulfur distribution of light oil by the other hydrogenated residual oil feedstock and the calculated sulfur distribution of light oil was in good agreement with the actual data; all the predicted relative errors were less than 5% and the mean relative error was 2.98%. The results showed that the established conjunction formula possessed good predictive features and reliability.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF HEAVY RESIDUA BY AAPPLICATION OF A MODIFIED D 2007 SEPARATION AND ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE

ABSTRACT

Seven atmospheric residua (343^°C + [ 65O^°F + ]) were separated into saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene fractions for detailled assessment of feed structure. The weight percent distribution of the fractions revealed two groupings of the residua. One grouping exhibited 20 wt % saturate composition, while the other only 10 wt %. The residua also exhibited high polar content (resin and asphaltene fractions) consisting of over 40% of the total residua. These results are related to the sulfur composition of the residua, and Indicate a fundamental relationship between the aromatic content and sulfur content. Discussion of the accuracy of the separation technique Is also Included.

The vanadium binding sites In the separated fractions were investigated by EPR spectroscopy. The resin and asphaltene fractions all appear to be dominated by 4N and N 0 2S coordination spheres. Discussion of this technique is also included.     

The Comparison of Bitumens from Oil Sands with Different Recovery Profiles

Abstract

It has been proposed that, regardless of origin, the recovery of bitumen from oil sands is related to its viscosity. Asphaltene and resin contents are known to affect the viscosity of bitumen. In this article we compare the composition of solvent-extracted bitumens from several Athabasca oil sands with very different recovery profiles. After careful removal of any associated mineral matter by ultra-centrifugation, each bitumen sample was separated into saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene (SARA) fractions by an enhanced SARA technique. The individual components were then characterized by several complementary analytical techniques, including carbon, nitrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, size exclusion chromatography molecular weight (MW_n) plus proton and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Based on this comparison, we see no correlation between the recovery of bitumen and its composition.     

渣油中胶质和沥青质的定量关联分析

利用多元回归法得到了渣油的胶质含量、沥青质含量与其残炭、(镍+钒)含量、硫含量、氮含量的关联关系。结果表明：沥青质含量与残炭和(镍+钒)含量具有较好的定量关联关系;胶质含量与残炭和氮含量的定量关系较明显;利用关联关系得到的胶质含量和沥青质含量与采用RIPP 10—1990《重油四组分的测定氧化铝吸附法》测得的结果较为接近,相关系数大于0.9。     

仪长渣油加氢处理反应规律的研究 I.仪长渣油性质特点及加氢反应特性

以仪长管输原油渣油（简称仪长渣油）为原料、以沙特阿拉伯轻质原油渣油（简称沙轻渣油）作为对比油,采用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪及核磁共振波谱仪对两类渣油的烃类组成及结构参数进行表征,对比考察两种渣油的加氢处理反应性能。结果表明,与沙轻渣油相比,仪长渣油具有硫含量低、氮含量高、胶质含量高、芳香分含量低、大量分子都含有氮原子、分子较大、支化程度高等特点,在相同的催化剂体系和工艺条件下,仪长渣油的残炭降低率显著低于沙轻渣油。     

电场强化渣油脱金属试验研究

渣油中的金属元素主要存在于胶质、沥青质等极性组分中.利用极性组分的带电特性,提出通过施加电场的方式来强化渣油脱金属反应,从而改善渣油性质,提高渣油综合利用价值.针对一种减压渣油,选取正庚烷为稀释溶剂,在电场作用下,考察了剂油质量比、电场强度及电场布置方式对渣油中Fe,Ca,Ni,V脱除的影响.结果表明,提高剂油质量比、...     

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE HEAVY OIL HYDROCRACK1NG CATALYSTS: CHARACTERIZATION OF ATMOSPHERIC RESIDUE FEED

ABSTRACT

The characterization results of the atmospheric residue obtained from Saudi Arabian Light crude oil show the complex nature and composition of this material. The distillation results showed that about 50 percent of Arab Light crude is the atmospheric residue. The elemental analysis of the residue showed that high amount of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen is present along with heavy metals such as nickel and vanadium. The determination of hydrocarbon types by HPLC exhibited that 12% polars and 27% aromatics are present along with 6% asphaltenes. Nuclear magnetic resonance study conducted on the residue and its fraction provides a detailed composition in terms of aliphatic and aromatic nature of the residue and its fractions. The results showed that the residue contains 21% aromatic and 79% aliphatic carbon. The aliphatic carbon is present in saturates and as side chains of aromatic and polar molecules whereas the aromatic carbons are those in the ring structure. Asphaltenes separated from the residue were characterized for their different properties to understand its complexity. The use of electron spin resonance spectroscopy provides determination of the free radicals present in the residue. Asphaltenes were analyzed using the state-of-the-art high temperature high pressure electron spin resonance (ESR) technique in the temperature range 20 to 625 °C and at 30 and 50 bar hydrogen pressure. The ESR determination at 30 bar shows that me pressure was not enough to prevent the boiling of the asphaltene and thus a decrease in the spin concentration was observed beyond 350 °C temperature. The data at 50 bar pressure showed the adequacy of this pressure for ESR measurement. The PMRTA analysis of asphaltene showed a decrease in residual hydrogen with increasing temperature.     

反应时间对加氢残渣油四组分含量和结构的影响

以沙特轻质原油减压渣油（ALVR）为原料,采用高压釜考察了不同反应时间下加氢反应后残渣油的四组分含量及其结构组成变化。结果表明,与未加氢渣油相比,加氢残渣油中的饱和分含量大幅度增加,而芳香分、胶质和沥青质的含量均降低,四组分的H/C原子比和平均相对分子质量均降低,芳碳分率升高。加氢残渣油的四组分含量随反应时间的增加均呈规律性变化。随着加氢反应时间的增加,四组分的H/C原子比和平均相对分子质量降低,芳香分、胶质和沥青质的芳碳分率增加,胶质和沥青质的总环数和芳环数均降低。渣油加氢反应过程中,其四组分均发生了明显的氢解和脱烷基反应,胶质和沥青质结构单元间的各种桥键可发生明显的断裂,导致其结构单元数减少。不同来源和属性的渣油加氢反应后各组分的结构变化有一定区别。     

渣油悬浮床加氢裂化尾油化学结构 及其裂化性能评价

 采用改进的B-L(Brown-Ladner)法和密度法，分析了克拉玛依渣油悬浮床加氢裂化尾油及其饱和分、芳香分、胶质、沥青质的化学结构；利用芳香性不同的溶剂对该尾油进行处理，在高压反应釜中评价了尾油、渣油和处理后尾油的裂化性能。结果表明，尾油平均分子结构中烷基碳率小于渣油分子，芳香碳率、芳环数和缩合指数大于渣油分子；尾油的裂化转化率比渣油低，缩合转化率比渣油高，对催化剂的感受性下降；采用低芳香性溶剂处理可改善尾油的反应性能，达到悬浮床加氢裂化循环油的要求。     

渣油加氢处理中沥青质组成和结构的变化研究

利用渣油加氢处理中试装置考察了温度和加氢深度对加氢产物渣油中沥青质组成、结构的影响,结果表明：随温度或加氢深度增加,加氢产物渣油中沥青质含量降低,沥青质中硫、镍、钒含量降低,氮含量呈增加趋势。采用13C-NMR谱和1H-NMR谱,计算了沥青质的平均分子结构参数,结果表明：随着温度的升高,饱和碳分率逐渐下降,芳香碳分率逐渐升高;随着加氢深度增大,饱和碳分率逐渐升高,而芳香碳分率逐渐下降。     

SOLVENT DEMETALLIZATION OF ATMOSPHERIC AND VACUUM RESIDUES

The effectiveness of various solvents for the removal of heavy metals, particularly vanadium and nickel via the removal of asphaltene from atmospheric and vacuum petroleum residues are presented The solvent deasphalting was carried out at 29§C The solvents used in this investigation were pentane, hexane, heptane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate and the degree of refining was studied by evaluating the properties of the refined residue.

Results obtained show that the removal of the heavy metals decreases with increase in the carbon number of the hydrocarbon solvents, and also decreases with the increase in the molecular weight of the acetate solvents. The percentage removal of vanadium was higher than that of nickel irrespective of the solvents used and ethyl - acetate gave the highest removal of the metals.     

超声波处理对渣油加氢反应过程胶体性能的影响

超声波处理改变了渣油饱和分、芳香分、胶质、沥青质(SARA)的含量、结构和分布状态,使渣油胶体稳定性得到改善。沥青质的含量、结构和分布状态对渣油胶体稳定性有重要影响。超声波处理改变了沥青质的结构,减少了渣油中沥青质的含量,大幅增加了溶胶能力强的胶质的含量,改善了沥青质的分散状态,使渣油胶体稳定性增加。超声波处理后渣油四组分理化性质的变化改善了渣油品质,提高了渣油和沥青质的反应性能,加氢反应深度增加,产物分布改善,但加氢残渣油的胶体稳定性降低。超声波处理对渣油及其加氢残渣油的胶体稳定性具有重要影响。     

中低温煤焦油沥青质的分析表征

采用XPS、XRD、FT IR、13C NMR、元素分析等手段分析表征了中低温煤焦油正庚烷沥青质(CT C7沥青质),系统研究了CT C7沥青质表面元素的赋存状态、相对含量以及其晶体结构。结果表明,该沥青质的主要结构为多环稠合芳香烃并富含杂原子,其芳香度(fa)明显大于一般原油沥青质;烷基链间距和芳香片层直径值较小,其芳环上烷基侧链短而少且难以形成堆积结构;表面C主要以sp2和sp3碳的形式存在,二者摩尔分数之和达699%,以C=O和COO-基团存在的C较少。该沥青质表面的杂原子以O原子为主,N和S原子较少,其中含氧官能团主要是酚羟基和醚氧基,摩尔分数达619%。含氮官能团主要以吡啶氮(N 6)和吡咯氮(N 5)为主,二者摩尔分数之和为805%;含硫官能团中,噻吩硫、烷基硫比较多,摩尔分数之和达517%。该C7沥青质表面加氢难度较大的N 6、N 5和噻吩硫的摩尔分数低于石油沥青质,这可能是煤焦油加氢工艺中N、S脱除效率较高的原因之一。     

渣油四组分含量预测研究

 对常压和减压渣油的四组分质量分数(w(SARA))与密度差(△d) 、运动黏度对数(lnv)、残炭值(w (CCR))和硫质量分数(w(S))4个简单易测物性的相关性进行了考察.结果表明, 饱和分含量与△d有较强的负相关性; 芳香分含量与w(S)相关性最好; 胶质含量仅与lnv相关性好; 沥青质含量与w (CCR)的相关性较强.采用逐步回归方法筛选出与各组分含量相关性最好的物性及物性组合因子, 得到由这4个物性估算渣油四组分含量的8个预测模型.     

A Study of the Characteristics in Blended Crudes at the Optimal Activation State: Part II

Abstract

Crude oil blending will change refining yield and properties. In this study, infra-red spectra (IR), synchronous fluorescence spectrometry (SFS), element analysis, and precipitating point measurement were used to investigate the blended crudes with regard to their structural constitution, colloid characters, and molecule interactions at the optimal status on topping yield. The study results indicate that, in residua, the content of sulfur and nitrogen increases, the precipitating point of asphaltene appears in advance, and the association of colloidal particles increases. IR analysis shows that, although the interaction among molecules has some similarities between the blending crudes and refined fractions, the action of hydrogen bonds in resin and the peak intensity of conjugated aromatic ring become weaker. SFS shows that macromolecular aromatic rings (ring number > 4) in asphaltene and resin in vacuum residua are relatively stable.     

仪长管输油中镍及钒卟啉化合物的分布及赋存状态

采用2次柱色谱分离工艺和紫外可见光分光光度法分析了仪长（江苏仪征-湖南岳阳长岭）管输渣油中镍、钒卟啉化合物的分布,还采用质谱法表征了镍、钒卟啉化合物的结构。结果表明,仪长管输油渣油中的金属镍、钒主要存在于胶质和沥青质中;钒卟啉化合物主要分布于硬胶质和沥青质中,镍卟啉化合物主要分布在软胶质和硬胶质中;含量最丰富的卟啉化合物是C34-ETIO型钒卟啉和C35-ETIO型镍卟啉;仪长管输油是较成熟的陆相沉积原油。     

柱色谱分离法预测塔河常压渣油脱沥青油杂质含量的研究

塔河原油是一种沥青质含量高、残炭高、金属含量高、酸值高的重质原油,为避免传统加工过程中的高温腐蚀和塔河渣油进催化裂化装置的高残炭、高金属含量等问题,考虑将塔河原油经常压闪蒸后的渣油直接作为溶剂脱沥青的原料。采用挂片失重试验对塔河原油的腐蚀性进行了研究,同时对适宜闪蒸温度下的常压闪蒸渣油进行了六组分分离,并对各组分的化学性质和结构参数进行了分析。结果表明:53.89%的硫、86.97%的氮、98%以上的镍、钒金属存在于胶质和沥青质组分中;随着组分加重,芳碳率fA增加,H/C原子比、环烷碳分率fN和芳香环系缩合度参数HAU/CA减小;将塔河常压闪蒸渣油在不同柱色谱馏出油收率下的杂质脱除率曲线与溶剂脱沥青中试结果对比发现,两者有较好的相似度,表明采用柱色谱分离方法可以在一定程度上来预测溶剂脱沥青过程不同脱沥青油收率时的杂质含量,可指导塔河常压闪蒸渣油溶剂脱沥青过程的操作。     

渣油加氢处理过程中金属分布与脱除规律的研究

在渣油加氧处理中试装置上，考察了金属在不同催化剂上的脱除规律。结果表明，阿曼原料渣油经加氢处理后，镍、钒、铁、钠、钙脱除率分别为84．9％，93．8%,4，96．8％，34．0％，70．0％，镍、钒、铁比钠、钙更容易脱除。镍、钒、铁在脱金属催化剂上的脱除率分别为61．2％，80．8％，93．5％，大部分金属在脱金属催化剂上就已经脱除。渣油中的金属杂质主要分布在胶质和沥青质组分中，金属在胶质组分中分布比例较高，但较易脱除。加氢处理对组成分布的影响使得镍和钒在胶质和沥青质组分中的分布比例发生变化，未能脱除的金属主要残留在沥青质组分中。