A Review of: “Electrochemical Hydrogen Technologies”Edited by Hartmut Wendt Elsevier Science Publishers,B.v,Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1990, xx + 512 pp.

Abstract:

The organic geochemical and biomarker analyses of the Miocene source rocks of some wells in the onshore Nile Delta, suggested that the Abu Madi Formation has poor immature to marginally mature source rocks of Type III Kerogen deposited under the terrestrial environment. The Sidi Salem Formation has fair-to-good mature source rocks of producing mixed oil and gas, originating mainly from marine organic sources. The Moghra Formation has mature good source rocks for Type (II/III) kerogen, derived from organic matter and rich in both terrigeneous and marine sources. The geochemistry of condensates revealed that the Abu Madi and Moghra condensates originated from marine organic matters with little input from a terrestrial source, while Sidi Salem condensate was derived from more contribution of terrestrial organic matters. Abu Madi condensate is less mature than Sidi Salem and Moghra condensate. The geochemical thermal modeling of the Miocene source rocks indicates that the Abu Madi formations are in the early stages of hydrocarbon up until the present time, while Moghra and Sidi Salem formations are in the mature stage of hydrocarbon generation up until the present time. This indicates that the studied condensates have probably migrated from deeply buried source rocks which are at a higher level of maturity rather than from less mature source rocks in the study area.     

ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF POTENTIAL SOURCE ROCKS IN THE TERTIARY DINGQINGHU FORMATION,NIMA BASIN,CENTRAL TIBET

The Tertiary Nima Basin in central Tibet covers an area of some 3000 km² and is closely similar to the nearby Lunpola Basin from which commercial volumes of oil have been produced. In this paper, we report on the source rock potential of the Oligocene Dingqinghu Formation from measured outcrop sections on the southern and northern margins of the Nima Basin. In the south of the Nima Basin, potential source rocks in the Dingqinghu Formation comprise dark‐coloured marls with total organic carbon (TOC) contents of up to 4.3 wt % and Hydrogen Index values (HI) up to 849 mg HC/g TOC. The organic matter is mainly composed of amorphous sapropelinite corresponding to Type I kerogen. Rock‐Eval T_max (430–451°C) and vitrinite reflectance (R_r) (average R_r= 0.50%) show that the organic matter is marginally mature. The potential yield (up to 36.95 mg HC/g rock) and a plot of S2 versus TOC suggest that the marls have moderate to good source rock potential. They are interpreted to have been deposited in a stratified palaeolake with occasionally anoxic and hypersaline conditions, and the source of the organic matter was dominated by algae as indicated by biomarker analyses. Potential source rocks from the north of the basin comprise dark shales and marls with a TOC content averaging 9.7 wt % and HI values up to 389 mg HC/g TOC. Organic matter consists mainly of amorphous sapropelinite and vitrinite with minor sporinite, corresponding to Type II‐III kerogen. This is consistent with the kerogen type suggested by cross‐plots of HI versus T_max and H/C versus O/C. The T_max and R_r results indicate that the samples are immature to marginally mature. These source rocks, interpreted to have been deposited under oxic conditions with a dominant input of terrigenous organic matter, have moderate petroleum potential. The Dingqinghu Formation in the Nima Basin therefore has some promise in terms of future exploration potential.     

Hydrocarbon potentiality and thermal maturity of the Cretaceous rocks in Al Baraka oil field,KomOmbo basin,south Egypt

This paper aims to evaluate the hydrocarbon potentiality and thermal maturity of the Cretaceous source rocks in Al Baraka oil field in KomOmbo basin, south Egypt. To achieve this aim, geochemical analyses (TOC), Rock eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance measurements (R0) were carried out on the studied rocks. The analytical results of the samples that were collected from five exploratory oil wells revealed that almost Lower Cretaceous formations (Sabaya, Abu Ballas, Six Hills and KomOmbo C, B, A) and Upper Cretaceous formations (Dakhla, Duwi, Quseir, Taref and Maghrabi) are ranged from fair to excellent source rocks for hydrocarbon generation. Oil and gas are mainly the future products of the thermally transformed organic matters within almost samples of the Cretaceous formations, where the Lower and Upper Cretaceous formations contain mixed type II/III and III kerogen besides type II kerogen in KomOmbo (B) and Dakhla formations. The thermal maturity parameters clarified that the Lower Cretaceous formations are belonged to marginally mature (in Sabaya and Abu Ballas formations), whereas the rocks of KomOmbo (B) Formation are mature source rocks and fall in the stage of oil generation and reach to the late stage of oil generation (R0?=?1.25). On the contrary the Upper Cretaceous formations are ranged from immature to marginally mature source rocks and reach only the early stage of oil generation in Maghrabi Formation. This study indicated that there is still a good chance to find oil generated from the Dakhla, Duwi, Maghrabi, Sabaya and Abu Ballas formations if buried in greater depths as well as, KomOmbo B and A intervals which are source rock potentials.     

Organic Geochemistry of Source Rocks, Condensates, and Thermal Geochemical Modeling of Miocene Sequence of Some Wells, Onshore Nile Delta, Egypt

The organic geochemical and biomarker analyses of the Miocene source rocks of some wells in the onshore Nile Delta, suggested that the Abu Madi Formation has poor immature to marginally mature source rocks of Type III Kerogen deposited under the terrestrial environment. The Sidi Salem Formation has fair-to-good mature source rocks of producing mixed oil and gas, originating mainly from marine organic sources. The Moghra Formation has mature good source rocks for Type (II/III) kerogen, derived from organic matter and rich in both terrigeneous and marine sources. The geochemistry of condensates revealed that the Abu Madi and Moghra condensates originated from marine organic matters with little input from a terrestrial source, while Sidi Salem condensate was derived from more contribution of terrestrial organic matters. Abu Madi condensate is less mature than Sidi Salem and Moghra condensate. The geochemical thermal modeling of the Miocene source rocks indicates that the Abu Madi formations are in the early stages of hydrocarbon up until the present time, while Moghra and Sidi Salem formations are in the mature stage of hydrocarbon generation up until the present time. This indicates that the studied condensates have probably migrated from deeply buried source rocks which are at a higher level of maturity rather than from less mature source rocks in the study area.     

酒泉盆地酒西坳陷主力烃源岩分布及对油气勘探的启示

酒泉盆地酒西坳陷属于勘探程度非常高的典型含油气坳陷,其中青西凹陷青南次凹是主要生烃凹陷。随着探井数量增多和勘探深度不断加深,揭露的下沟组下部和赤金堡组越来越多,为重新认识该凹陷主力烃源岩及其生烃潜力提供了十分有利的条件。通过对青南次凹30多口探井大量烃源岩样品系统的地球化学分析和研究发现：下白垩统不同层段烃源岩的有机质丰度由上至下逐渐增高,中沟组和下沟组上段为一般烃源岩,而下沟组中段、下段和赤金堡组烃源岩有机质丰度高,且以Ⅱ₁型有机质为主,属于好和很好的优质烃源岩。下白垩统烃源岩有机质丰度总体上呈现中部最高,南、北两端略低的趋势,优质烃源岩主要分布于凹陷中部-东北部地区,下沟组中段、下段和赤金堡组均为主力烃源岩,而凹陷南部只有下沟组下段和赤金堡组属于好烃源岩,也是南部主力烃源岩;青南次凹下白垩统下沟组中段处于大量生油阶段,下沟组下段处于生油高峰阶段,赤金堡组处于成熟生油窗后期-高成熟生成凝析油气阶段;下沟组中段、下段和赤金堡组烃源岩生成并排出了大量原油,是青西凹陷主力生烃源岩,青南凹陷北部和中部中-深层具有良好的油气勘探潜力。这一认识对酒西坳陷油气精细勘探部署具有重要的指导作用。酒西坳陷的实例对中国其他高勘探程度盆地的精细勘探与研究也具有一定的启示作用。     

Petroleum Source Rock Characteristics of the Lower Tertiary Formations in the Ereğli-Ulukışla Basin,Southern Central Anatolia,Turkey

Abstract

Potential source rocks in the Ere?li-Uluk??la basin include Campanian-Maastrichtian limestones and marls, Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene deep-marine shales, and Middle-Upper Eocene continental slope deposits, including shales and sandstones. Organic geochemical analyses and palynofacies observations show that the organic components in Upper Paleocene-Upper Eocene sediments are mainly coaly and woody, with minor herbaceous and algal-amorphous-like organic matter, indicating that they are terrigenous (mainly Type III and Type IV kerogen). The organic carbon content of these rocks ranges from 0.04 to 0.73%, and they have marginal source rock quality for oil generation. A plot of HI versus T-max values implies that the Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene samples are in the early stage of oil generation, while the Middle-Upper Eocene samples are thermally immature. The pristane/phytane ratio for Tertiary samples corresponds to a transition from anoxic to oxic depositional conditions.     

ALUM SHALE BITUMEN MATURATION AND MIGRATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR GOTLAND'S OIL

Thermal maturation of Swedish Alum Shale kerogen and bitumen has been determined from core samples from Eastern and Central Sweden. In samples from Eastern Sweden (Öland and Gotland), the kerogen and bitumen are thermally immature with respect to petroleum generation. In some areas of Central Sweden (Närke, ÖstergÖtland, and Kinnekulle in VästergÖtland), the kerogen is immature, whereas the bitumen is marginally mature to mature. In other areas of Central Sweden (Halleberg-Hunneberg in VästergÖtland), the kerogen is supermature and the bitumen mature. This suggests that bitumen from a mature source-rock has migrated into the Alum Shales of Central Sweden. Migration in Central Sweden is further evidenced by the occurrence of obviously-migrated bituments in vugs and voids in the organicpoor Ordovician limestone overlying the Alum Shale in Central Sweden, and in concretions within the Alum Shale itself. Based on biomarker distributions of extracted bitumen, Alum Shale kerogen pyrolysate and obviously-migrated oils, and the fact that the Alum Shale in most of the areas studied is the only petroleum source-rock extant, it is suggested that the migrated bitumen in Central Sweden is from the Alum Shale itself. Bitumen has migrated from areas where the Alum Shale is in close proxmity to Permo-Carboniferous intrusions, such as Halleberg-Hunneberg, into nearby areas such as Närke and ÖstergÖtland, where there is no evidence of intrusion and the indigenous organic matter is thermally immature. Other areas, where Alum Shales were associated with intrusions and consequently sourced oil, may have been eroded away. There are producing wells on the island of Gotland, where the Alum Shale is also thermally immature. It is therefore assumed that heating which was responsible for generating Gotland's oil was very localized (such as by an intrusion) or that the oil has migrated from a thermally moremature, distant area. On the basis of reservoir rock porosity, and the fact that the Alum Shale of Gotland contains no migrated component, localized heating is favored.     

Tricyclic terpane geochemistry of source rocks from Northwestern and Central Niger Delta

This distribution of tricyclic terpanes in source rocks from the northwestern and central Niger Delta was used to evaluate their origin, depositional environment and thermal maturity. The rock samples were extracted using Soxhlet extraction method and the saturated hydrocarbon fraction was analysed for biomarkers using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The values of soluble organic matter (SOM) and total hydrocarbons for wells AW and OP source rock samples exceeded the minimum 500 ppm and 300 ppm, respectively with values indicating very good to excellent potential source rocks. The tricyclic terpane source parameters and the complementary distribution of hopanes, regular C₂₇-C₂₉ steranes, n-alkanes and acyclic isoprenoid hydrocarbons showed that samples from well AW consist of mixed marine/terrestrial organic matter while those from well OP consist of organic matter largely from terrestrial origin. The values of Pr/Ph ratio for source rock samples from wells AW and OP indicate deposition of the organic matter under suboxic conditions. Sterane and hopane biomarker maturity parameters indicated that the source rock samples from wells AW and OP are at onset of oil generation and main oil window, Most of the source rock samples from well AW are more thermally mature than those from well OP. The results of tricyclic terpane maturity parameters indicated low thermal maturity for the rock samples from both wells with samples from well AW more thermally mature than those from well OP.     

A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF JURASSIC SOURCE ROCK POTENTIAL IN KUWAIT

Jurassic sedimentary rocks in Kuwait are generally assigned to the Marrat, Dhruma, Sargelu and Najmah Formations (mainly limestones and calcareous shales) and the overlying Hith and Gotnia Formations which are composed of anhydrites and evaporites. This paper reports the results of organic-geochemical analyses of Jurassic carbonate and shale samples recovered from ten wells in Kuwait. Analytical techniques included TOC analysis, elemental analyses of kerogen, density separation and petrographic analyses. The thermal history of Kuwait was modelled and calibrated with maturity indicators from the studied wells.
The analytical results point to the presence of marine kerogen between Types II and III. Generally, the formations show amorphous rich sapropelic organic matter with high H/C ratios and low densities. Biodegradation of some samples resulted in elevated O/C ratios. The results of maturity studies indicate that most of the Jurassic Succession is mature, maturity differences being due to depth variations. Oil generation began in Late Cretaceous to Eocene time when structural traps had already been formed. Jurassic source rocks may therefore have supplied reservoir units in Kuwait. In particular, the Najmah Formation includes well-preserved amorphous marine algal type organic matter. The high TOC values and thermal maturity of this formation make it one of the most important potential sources of oil in Kuwait.     

Integration of well log analysis data with geochemical data to evaluate possible source rock. Case study from GM-ALEF-1 well,Ras Ghara oil Field,Gulf of Suez-Egypt

Well logging methodology in geochemical evaluation is an important technique not only for its usefulness as a quick scan of potential source rock, but also in its ability to identify the organic richness (TOC%) of these rocks. Wireline logs can be used to identify source rock intervals in the primary stage of well drilling. Consequently, the logs used for source rock evaluations and calculation of Total Organic Carbon most commonly include density, sonic, gamma ray, neutron and resistivity by using several methods.In this research, a suite of geophysical logs and geochemical data were applied for determining the Total Organic Carbon content (TOC) and compare them together, in addition to source rock evaluation of the study formation.Application of such techniques take place in one well GM-ALEF-1 well located in the Ras Ghara oil Field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt, represented by Miocene rock, Rudeis Formation. A calculated TOC is compared with the measured one from the LECO SC632 after that Rock-Eval pyrolysis data also used to evaluate the TOC content mainly, organic richness, types of kerogen, and thermal maturity.The results of comparison showed that the Petrophysical method using ΔlogR and the LECO and Rock-Eval pyrolysis techniques have produced close results for Total Organic Carbon content, Hence it can be used as a fast and efficient way to regard the intervals rich in organic matter, further step takes place and the reach interval of organic matter is evaluated geochemically shows that the shale in Rudeis formation have fair to good organic richness, it has the potential to produce type II/III kerogen. It is marginally mature to mature source rock. The expected generated hydrocarbon is fair oil source with some gas.     

中国南方海相优质烃源岩超显微有机岩石学与生排烃潜力

通过选取中国南方不同层系优质烃源岩样品,综合运用全岩X-衍射、扫描电镜+能谱及生排烃模拟实验方法,对南方海相优质烃源岩矿物组成特征、有机质与矿物组成关系、有机质赋存形式、成烃生物及生排烃特征进行了研究。结果表明,海相优质烃源岩中石英、方解石、白云石等矿物主要是生物成因或与生物成因有关,烃源岩残余有机碳含量与石英含量具有正相关性,而与粘土矿物含量呈负相关。分析认为,南方海相优质烃源岩有机质主要有3种赋存状态:①有机质多与硅质相伴生,是南方海相优质烃源岩中最重要的赋存形式;②有机质与钙质相伴生,是部分二叠系优质钙质烃源岩的主要赋存形式;③有机质与粘土相伴生或被片状粘土颗粒包裹与硅质及钙质生屑一起共生,有机质赋存主要受沉积环境、沉积相控制。海相优质烃源岩成烃生物主要有藻类、底栖生物和菌类3种,同一烃源岩层位样品中往往含有“多重母质”分布。模拟实验表明,浮游藻类的生烃潜力与Ⅰ型干酪根生烃潜力相当,底栖藻类生烃潜力与Ⅱ型干酪根生烃潜力相当。富有机质硅质或钙质超微薄层容易使早期重质油排出,可以形成巨型重质油藏;而片状粘土之间包裹的有机质很难使早期生成的稠油排出,则形成轻质油气藏。     

SOURCE ROCK POTENTIAL OF ORGANIC‐RICH SHALES IN THE TERTIARY BHUBAN AND BOKA BIL FORMATIONS,BENGAL BASIN,BANGLADESH

Sandstones in the Miocene Bhuban and Lower Pliocene Boka Bil Formations contain all of the hydrocarbons so far discovered in the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh. Organic‐rich shale intervals in these formations have source rock potential and are the focus of the present study which is based on an analysis of 36 core samples from wells in eight gasfields in the eastern Bengal Basin. Kerogen facies and thermal maturity of these shales were studied using standard organic geochemical and organic petrographic techniques. Organic matter is dominated by Type III kerogen with lesser amounts of Type II. TOC is 0.16–0.90 wt % (Bhuban Formation) and 0.15–0.55 wt % (Boka Bil Formation) and extractable organic matter (EOM) is 132–2814 ppm and 235–1458 ppm, respectively. The hydrogen index is 20–181 mg HC/g TOC in the Bhuban shales and 35–282 mg HC/ g TOC in the Boka Bil shales. Vitrinite was the dominant maceral group observed followed by liptinite and inertinite. Gas chromatographic parameters including the C/S ratio, n‐alkane CPI, Pr/Ph ratio, hopane Ts/Tm ratio and sterane distribution suggest that the organic matter in both formations is mainly derived from terrestrial sources deposited in conditions which alternated between oxic and sub‐oxic. The geochemical and petrographic results suggest that the shales analysed can be ranked as poor to fair gas‐prone source rocks. The maturity of the samples varies, and vitrinite reflectance ranges from 0.48 to 0.76 %VR_r. Geochemical parameters support a maturity range from just pre‐ oil window to mid‐ oil window.     

鄂尔多斯盆地马岭地区延长组长7烃源岩特征与分布

鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世长7期发育了一套半深湖—深湖相优质烃源岩,其有机质丰度在延长组生油岩中最高,是该盆地最主要的油源岩。岩石薄片镜下观察显示长7段优质烃源岩呈纹层状,有机质十分发育;有机地球化学分析表明,其形成于水体较深的还原沉积环境下,有机质丰度高,干酪根类型为Ⅰ,Ⅱ型,有机质来源以贫13C的湖生低等生物——藻类为主,并且有机质已达到成熟演化阶段;综合测井资料认为,研究区延长组烃源岩在长71、长72、长73均有分布,优质烃源岩主要分布在长73油层组,且厚度大,分布面积广。对这套优质烃源岩的精细研究,在马岭地区石油勘探以及低渗透储集层油藏成藏机理的深化认识上具有重要意义。     

非构造成藏的储集与封堵条件

松辽盆地南部非构造圈闭中的储集体大都由各体系域中不同类型砂体构成,主要有低水位体系域中的湖底扇砂体、前积楔状砂体;湖盆扩张体系域中的扇三角洲砂体、水进砂体及河道砂体;高水位体系域中的三角洲前缘砂体、趾部浊积砂体及扇三角洲砂体。这些砂体中除个别外,大部分规模较小、分布局限。虽然这些砂体往往无须构造条件配合就能形成圈闭,但对封堵条件要求较高。根据封堵的层位以及与层序界面的关系大体可将非构造圈闭的封堵型式划分为E-S-H-H型、E-E-S-H型、E-L-S-H型、E-S-B型、E-L-L型、E-E-E型和H-H-H型等7种。其中以E-E-E型、H-H-H型和E-L-S-H型最好,为一类封堵。     

Late Jurassic Safer Salt Member in the Al-Jawf sub-basin of NW Sabatayn Basin,Yemen: geochemical evaluation of organic-rich oil-source rock potential

Late Jurassic Safer shales in the Al-Jawf sub-basin are analyzed to evaluate the organic matter input, depositional conditions and petroleum generation potential. The shales have high organic matter, with TOC values of 1.0-13.5% and they contain predominantly Types II and III kerogen, referring to mainly oil- and gas-prone. These kerogens are indicative for dominate marine algal component and some terrestrial organic matter input as indicated from biomarkers. Moreover, the presence of the gammacerane also confirmed a high salinity stratification condition and suggests that the dominate Type II kerogen is rich-sulphur kerogen (Type II-S). The vitrinite reflectance (VRo%) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis T_max data indicate that the analyzed shales are immature.     

Hydrocarbon generation potential of the C-P continental source rocks in the Qinshui Basin

The hydrocarbon generation potential of continental source rocks in the Carboniferous-Permian (C-P) coal-bearing stratum in the Qinshui Basin were systematically analyzed in this paper. R_o of the C-P source rocks is mainly distributed between 1.5% and 2.5%. The coal rock belongs to a typical type III organic matter, while the mudstone mainly contains type III organic matter and a small proportion of type II₂ organic matter. Moreover, The geochemical characteristics of the source rock kerogen was analyzed in detail. Finally, an evaluation standard for hydrocarbon generation potential of the C-P continental source rocks was proposed.     

南祁连盆地木里坳陷石炭系-侏罗系天然气水合物气源岩有机地球化学特征

通过开展南祁连盆地木里坳陷天然气水合物基础地质剖面调查工作,对石炭系、二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系共四套层系5条剖面的炭质泥岩、泥岩等样品进行了系统采样与分析,在此基础上深入研究四套层系的有机质丰度、有机质类型和有机质成熟度等地球化学特征,分析及对比各层系的有机地球化学指标,以探讨不同层系烃（气）源岩为天然气水合物提供的气源条件。结果表明：石炭系-二叠系有机质丰度偏低,TOC（总有机碳含量）普遍小于0.4%,为非和差烃源岩,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型,有机质成熟度为过成熟,生烃能力较差,难以成为天然气水合物潜在气源岩。三叠系样品TOC值普遍大于1%,氯仿沥青“A”平均为0.89‰,以很好和好烃源岩为主,并含少量差和非烃源岩,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,含少量Ⅱ₂型,镜质体反射率R_o值为0.74%~0.98%,整体上处于成熟阶段,生气能力较强,可作为天然气水合物主要潜在气源岩。侏罗系以很好、好和中等烃源岩为主,并含部分差烃源岩,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型,R_o值为0.62%~0.97%,整体上处于成熟阶段,可作为天然气水合物次要潜在气源岩。     

Hydrocarbon Source Rock Assessments of the Late Jurassic Black Shales (Tokmar Formation) in the Central Taurus Region of Turkey

Abstract

The hydrocarbon source rock potential and the thermal maturity of the Late Jurassic Tokmar Formation in the Bo?untu area of the central Taurus region have been investigated. Tokmar Formation includes organic matter–rich dark grey shales alternating with carbonates that were deposited under dysoxic to anoxic marine conditions prevailed in the Late Jurassic. A total of 14 samples have been analyzed by Leco and Rock-Eval pyrolysis for determination of their hydrocarbon source rock characteristics and organic maturity. The total organic carbon content of the samples range from 0.26 to 1.53 wt%. The actual Rock-Eval pyrolytic yields (S₁ + S₂ peak values) are between 0.25 and 3.63 mg HC/g rock. The calculated hydrogen index and oxygen index values imply that the main organic matter types are Type II and Type III kerogens. T_max versus hydrogen index values indicate that the Bo?untu samples are thermally mature and took place in the oil generation window.     

HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE LATE CRETACEOUS GONGILA AND FIKA FORMATIONS,BORNU (CHAD) BASIN,NE NIGERIA

The hydrocarbon potential of possible shale source rocks from the Late Cretaceous Gongila and Fika Formations of the Chad Basin of NE Nigeria is evaluated using an integration of organic geochemistry and palynofacies observations. Total organic carbon (TOC) values for about 170 cutting samples range between 0.5% and 1.5% and Rock-Eval hydrogen indices (HI) are below 100 mgHC/gTOC, suggesting that the shales are organically lean and contain Type III/IV kerogen. Amorphous organic matter (AOM) dominates the kerogen assemblage (typically >80%) although its fluorescence does not show a significant correlation with measured HI. Atomic H/C ratios of a subset of the samples indicate higher quality oil- to gas-prone organic matter (Type II-III kerogens) and exhibit a significant correlation with the fluorescence of AOM (r²= 0.86). Rock-Eval T_max calibrated against AOM fluorescence, biomarker and aromatic hydrocarbon maturity data suggests a transition from immature (<435°C) to mature (>435°C) in the Fika Formation and mature to post-mature (>470°C) in the Gongila Formation. The low TOC values in most of the shales samples limit their overall source rock potential. The immature to early mature upper part of the Fika Formation, in which about 10% of the samples have TOC values greater than 2.0%, has the best oil generating potential. Oil would have been generated if such intervals had become thermally mature. On the basis of the samples studied here, the basin has potential for mostly gaseous rather than liquid hydrocarbons.     

和什托洛盖盆地北缘泥盆系海相烃源岩评价

应用地表露头样品的有机地球化学分析测试资料,从有机质丰度、类型、成熟度等方面,对和什托洛盖盆地北缘沙尔布尔山泥盆系海相烃源岩进行评价。研究表明:和布克赛尔组灰岩有机碳平均含量为0.31%、呼吉尔斯特组有机碳平均含量为0.72%,校正后分别达到中等烃源岩、好烃源岩的标准;有机显微组分以腐泥组为主,有机质类型全部为Ⅰ型;热演化程度适中,处于成熟阶段。虽然露头样品风化严重,导致各项分析测试数据存在不同程度的偏差,但沙尔布尔山地区泥盆系海相烃源岩具有一定的生烃能力是毋容置疑的。