Production of olefins from syngas over Al2O3 supported Ni and Cu nano-catalysts

The most important products that can be produced from syngas are methanol, dimethyl ether and light olefins (ethylene and propylene). The light olefins are the most important syngas products, because many of the chemicals are produced from them. The aim of this work was to study the olefins production from syngas over Al₂O₃-supported Ni-Cu nano-catalysts. In addition, the effect of various factors such as catalyst on olefin production and CO conversion has been investigated. The concentration of heavier olefins (C5) was greater than the remaining olefins, since the rate of reactions must be increased to form C1 to C4. In the case of a Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst, C1 and C4 was initially increased and then decreased with an increase in Ni loading from 0% to 15%.     

Conditions for nonhydrodewaxing reaction of hydrocracking tail oil

Hydrocracking tail oil is used in hydrogenation modification in the hydrocracking process and is an ideal material to produce lube-based oil. Through investigating the effect of operation conditions on properties of dewaxing products under atmospheric pressure, the optimum operation conditions are that reaction temperature is 360°C, volume space velocity is 1.0 h^?1, and distillation temperature is 140°C. Under the optimum condition, the yield of liquid products is higher, and the flash point, pour point, and viscosity of white oil are stable and meet the factory product requirements. Especially, properties of alkane and white oil change little when reaction time is 20 h, which indicates that HZSM-5/Al₂O₃ has better stability. When HZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst was loaded by pseudo-boehmite, HZSM-5/Al₂O₃ catalyst activity and stability improved and became more beneficial to nonhydrodewaxing reaction of hydrocracking tail oil.     

Desulfurization of FCC Gasoline Over Mordenite Modified with Al2O3

Abstract

Mordenite modified with Al₂O₃ (Al₂O₃/mordenite) was synthesized and used for the desulfurization of FCC gasoline. The influences of operating parameters on the results were studied for the model solution composed of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and isooctane. Al₂O₃/mordenite exhibits higher sulfur capacity than other kinds of chemisorbents. The suitable composition of the chemisorbent is 30 wt% Al₂O₃ to 70 wt% mordenite. The optimal operating parameters are: temperature 160°C; velocity 3 h^?1 (WHSV). Under the stated conditions, desulfurization was carried out for the FCC gasoline with sulfur content of 220.4 μg/g. The chemisorbent can maintain the sulfur content under 50 μg/g for 40 h and has good regeneration ability after desorption using benzene.     

The Effect of Pd Precursors on the Catalytic Activity of a Pd/Al2O3 Catalyst for Cumene Hydroperoxide Hydrogenation

Abstract

Abstract Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation using K₂PdCl₄, (NH₄)₂PdCl₄, and Pd(NO₃)₂ as precursors. All catalysts were characterized by means of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and CO chemisorption. The results obtained in the hydrogenation of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) to α-cumyl alcohol (CA) showed that Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst prepared from Pd(NO₃)₂ exhibited the highest turnover frequency (TOF) value and the greatest deactivation extent, whereas Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst prepared from (NH₄)₂PdCl₄ displayed the lowest TOF value but the best stability.     

KINETIC INVESTIGATION OF METHYLCYCLOPENTANE REFORMING ON FRESH AND DEACTIVATING Pt/Al2O3 CATALYST

ABSTRACT

The conversion of methylcyclopentane (MCP) in hydrogen on fresh and deactivating Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst to hydrogenolysis products (2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane and n-hexane), cyclohexane and benzene was studied in a Berty CSTR at various partial pressures of MCP and H₂, and at a total pressure of 1 atm. For the kinetic studies, temperatures between 370 – 400° and W/F values up to 0.33 g min/cm³ were used. The conversion of MCP was found to increase with increase in temperature at all the MCP partial pressures investigated. The hydrogenolysis products and benzene composition generally increased with increase in temperature and W/F. The mechanism for the reforming of MCP was similar to that proposed by Dartigues et al. (1978) except that the formation of hydrogenolysis products was accounted for in this formulation. Eleven rate models were developed and tested and six satisfied the set criteria. Since hydrogenation/dehydrogenation and desorption steps are relatively rapid, the conversion step to hydrogenolysis products was deemed the only rate determining step with an activation energy of 36.31 kcal/gmol. For the deactivation studies, the model of Corella and Asua (1982) was used for the development of two deactivation models. The only model found to predict the deactivation behavior was the step leading to the formation of the coke precursor as rate controlling.     

在改性的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上的甲烷无氧芳构化

在750℃、0 1MPa、纯甲烷进料、空速为1704h-1、固定床反应条件下,用Cu、Cr、Ba、Ni、V对Mo/HZSM 5催化剂进行了改性研究,使芳烃收率高达13%～15%,同时对催化剂的稳定性和反应机理进行了分析。     

Hydrogen production by catalytic methane decomposition over Ni,Co, and Ni-Co/Al2O3 catalyst

Hydrogen is a chief source of energy. Catalytic decomposition produces hydrogen and carbon. In this work, x%M/Al₂O₃ (where M is Ni, Co and combined Ni-Co, and x is 10%, 15%, and 30%) has been successfully employed as a catalyst. The effect of activation temperature and active metal type and loading on catalyst perfomance was investigated. The catalysts were characterized with BET, XRD, TPO, TPR, TEM, XPS, and Raman. The results displayed that the 30%Co/Al₂O₃ catalyst activated at 500°C provided the greatest catalytic performance toward methane conversion. 30%Co/Al₂O₃ catalyst activated at 500°C formed amorphous carbon.     

Nanocatalysts: Effect of Active-phase and Promoter on Catalytic Properties and Performance in the Hydrodesulfurization Reaction

The influence of various amounts of phosphorus addition on performance of NiMoP/Al₂O₃ and CoMoP/Al₂O₃ nanocatalysts was examined in hydrodesulfurization of thiophene. The nanocatalysts were synthesized via sonochemical technique. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, FESEM, BET, and FTIR analysis. The catalytic activity in hydrodesulfurization reaction was investigated in a batch stirred slurry reactor at 160°C and atmospheric pressure. The characterizations confirmed highly dispersion of active phase and formation of amorphous AlPO₄ species on the support surface. The results obtained from thiophene hydrodesulfurization showed the nanocatalysts contained 1 wt% of phosphorus had the highest activity. The CoMoP/Al₂O₃ and NiMoP/Al₂O₃ nanocatalysts with optimum phosphorus loading nearly gave 100% conversion of thiophene, so that the sulfur compound concentration in final solution was less than 50 ppm.     

添加组分对Cu/ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂顺酐加氢合成γ-丁内酯活性的影响

在常压固定床反应装置上研究了不同添加组分对顺酐加氢催化剂催化性能的影响 ,在反应温度 2 70℃ ,氢气与顺酐摩尔比 5 5 ,顺酐空速 0 16h- 1 的条件下 ,考察了添加碱金属、碱土金属、ⅥB族、ⅦB族和Ⅷ族金属元素对顺酐加氢催化剂活性的影响 ,并探讨了引起活性变化的原因。结果表明 ,在所有添加组分中 ,Cr是唯一既不影响催化剂活性又能提高γ -丁内酯选择性的助剂 ,但其添加量应不超过 5 % (摩尔分数 ) ;碱金属元素和Mo、Mg对催化剂有毒害作用 ;Ba对催化剂加氢活性影响不大 ;添加其它金属元素时催化剂的加氢活性虽下降不大 ,但γ -丁内酯的选择性却大幅度降低     

Pt/SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3在正己烷异构化反应中的催化行为

采用连续流动的固定床微反装置考察了Pt/SO24-/ZrO2-Al2O3(PSZA)在正己烷异构化反应中的催化行为。采用NH3-TPD、H2-TPR及TG表征了催化剂的酸性、还原性能及硫物种含量。结果表明,PSZA的初始异构化催化活性几乎不受反应温度的影响,而稳定性则与反应温度密切相关。低温下反应,催化剂在短时间内迅速失活,而提高反应温度可大大提高PSZA的反应稳定性。PSZA具有良好的再生性能,与新鲜催化剂相比,多次再生后的催化剂异构化催化活性基本没有变化。PSZA在低温下的快速失活与其催化活性中心产生的机理有关,而与其硫损失或硫物种的还原无关。在异构化反应过程中,催化剂通过氢溢流可产生强酸活性中心,并在反应过程中不断被消耗;在高温下通过氢溢流不断产生新的强酸中心,使催化活性保持稳定;而低温下氢溢流难以发生,消耗的强酸活性中心不能及时补充,使催化活性下降。     

REFORMING OF N-OCTANE ON A Pt/Al2O3 CATALYST. II. KINETIC ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN DEPENDENCE.

ABSTRACT

The conversion of n-octane on Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst was found to pass through pronounced maxima with the variation of the partial pressure of hydrogen at temperatures between 420°C-460°C, P_N = 7·63 × 10^-3 atm and W/F = 0·11lg min cm_-3. The products of reaction were hydrocracked products, octane, ethylbenzene, o-.p-,m,-xylene and toluene. The order of appearance of the optimum PH for the various reactions were: Isooctane>Dehydrocyclized products>Hydrocracked products.

A sequence of elementary steps earlier postulated was found to predict the maximum in the n-octane P_H profiles for the three temperatures investigated. The rate determining steps for the two rate equations that were found suitable were conversion of adsorbed isooctane to adsorbed o-xylene and ethylbenzene.     

锌改性HZSM-5催化正构烷烃临氢芳构化性能

采用等体积浸渍法制备不同ZnO负载量的Zn/HZSM-5系列催化剂,采用BET、XRD、TPD和Py-IR等方法对所制备催化剂表征分析;在5 mL固定床小型反应装置上,以正庚烷为原料对所制备的催化剂进行临氢芳构化活性评价,对评价后催化剂积炭形貌、积炭组成等进行分析表征.结果表明:HZSM-5催化剂用Zn改性可以调节酸性...     

二氯甲烷在Ce_yV_(1-y)O_x/HZSM-5上的催化燃烧性能

采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同铈钒摩尔比、不同活化温度(t)和不同负载量(m%)的一系列w%CeyV1-yOx/HZSM-5(t)催化剂,研究了其对低浓度二氯甲烷的催化燃烧活性及稳定性,考察了n(Ce)∶n(V)、负载量、活化温度对催化剂性能的影响。采用XRD,BET,NH3-TPD,XPS等手段对使用前后的催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,活化温度为400℃的15%Ce0.7V0.3Ox/HZSM-5(400)催化剂的活性最好,在反应温度300℃时二氯甲烷的转化率达99.6%,连续反应200 h时二氯甲烷转化率仍大于95%;使用后的15%Ce0.7V0.3Ox/HZSM-5(400)催化剂没有新的物相生成,具有较好稳定性。     

Ce/HZSM-5分子筛催化剂在苯与甲醇制甲苯反应中的催化性能

采用稀土元素Ce经浸渍法制备了Ce/HZSM 5分子筛,并采用BET、XRD、SEM、TG、FT IR、Py IR表征手段对催化剂的孔道变化、结构、形貌、热稳定性及酸性变化进行测试,在固定床单程管式微反应器上进行催化苯与甲醇制甲苯反应的性能评价。结果表明,Ce/HZSM 5分子筛催化剂在苯/甲醇的摩尔比为1、反应压力15 MPa、温度400℃、反应时间35 h、质量空速25 h-1、Ce负载质量分数4%、催化剂装填量25 g的条件下,苯的转化率可达7372%,目标产物甲苯的选择性和收率分别为5677%和4185%。     

Sulfuration Pretreatment of Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst to Remove Butadiene in FCC C4 Fraction

Abstract

The Ni-based catalysts have more advantages than the most widely used Pd-based catalysts in selective hydrogenating of the butadiene in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) C₄ fraction. But the selectivity and stability of the Ni-based catalysts aren't good. The sulfuration pretreatment is an effective process to improve the performance of the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts. The sulfuration conditions of the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst have been studied in this article. The results showed the fittest conditions are that the catalyst was in-situ presulfurized for 60 min by the solution of S concentration 0.07 mol/L. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that the presulfurization declined the Ni crystal dimension.     

Ni/HZSM-5上裂解汽油选择加氢裂化的研究

在连续流动固定床装置上,探讨了非贵金属Ni/HZSM-5催化剂对裂解汽油选择加氢裂化反应的特征,考察了镍含量、温度、压力、空速及氢烃体积比等参数的影响。随镍含量的增加,裂解汽油中C6+非芳烃转化率先增加后减小,镍含量为2.1%左右较为适宜。工艺条件中温度和压力的影响较大,空速次之,氢烃体积比最小。在380 ℃、3.0 MPa、质量空速1.245 h-1、氢烃体积比1 000的条件下,以镍含量为2.1%的Ni/HZSM-5为催化剂,65 h内裂解汽油中C6+非芳烃组分转化率保持在95%以上,而芳烃转化率仅有13%; 加氢裂化产物中,C2+正构烷烃达80.96%,其中丙烷60.71%,而甲烷和异构烷烃较少。这表明非贵金属Ni/HZSM-5催化剂可高选择性地裂化C6+非芳烃,适用于裂解汽油加氢裂化制备芳烃联产低碳烷烃。     

HZSM-5分子筛催化剂的硅铝比对醛氨缩合的影响

采用BET、FT—IR、XRD、29Si—NMR、27A1—NMR等分析手段，研究了不同硅铝比的HZSM—5分子筛微观结构及其在醛氨缩合中的催化性能。结果表明，不同硅铝比的HZSM-5分子筛，在FT-IR谱图约1219，1102，950，799，447cm^-1处有差异；在29Si—HMR谱中存在2个峰，A峰(—113．4)往高化学位移方向移动，B峰(—109．7)逐渐减弱直至消失；在27A1—HMR谱中存在1个峰，此峰(55．3)往低化学位移方向移动。醛氨缩合反应用HZSM—5分子筛催化剂的最适宜硅铝比范围在90-170之间，在此催化剂上合成烷基吡啶，收率可达89．8％。     

Cu-ZnO/HZSM-5催化剂的制备、表征及催化性能

采用共沉淀沉积法制备了不同Zn含量的Cu ZnO/HZSM 5双功能催化剂,利用XRD、BET、H2 TPR等手段进行表征,并应用于CO2加氢合成二甲醚的反应中。考察了Zn含量对催化剂前驱体晶相结构以及对焙烧后催化剂的比表面积、平均晶粒大小、还原性能以及催化活性等的影响。研究结果表明,催化剂中w(Zn)=28%时,前驱体中含有较多的绿铜锌矿和单斜绿铜锌矿晶相,焙烧后的催化剂比表面积较大,CuO与ZnO的平均晶粒较小,还原峰温度较低,催化活性较高。     

硅铝比对HZSM-5分子筛催化正丁烷裂解反应性能的影响研究

利用原位红外光谱法对不同硅铝比的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂进行表征,并在微反评价装置上对不同硅铝比分子筛催化正丁烷高温裂解活性进行评价,揭示了HZSM-5分子筛“硅铝比-活性位性质-催化性能”三者之间的关系。结果表明,硅铝比［n（SiO2）/n（Al2O3）］分别为38和200的HZSM-5分子筛表面活性位类型、数目和强度均存在巨大差异。HZSM-5-38分子筛表面存在较多的强酸性的硅铝桥键羟基和非骨架铝羟基,而HZSM-5-200分子筛表面仅存在少量的弱酸性或不具酸性的微孔内邻位孤立硅羟基和外表面孤立硅羟基。HZSM-5-200分子筛表现出更高的低碳烯烃收率,因而较低的酸密度和酸强度有利于多产烯烃。     

Al2O3对Zn/HZSM-5芳构化催化剂的影响

研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３的加入对Ｚｎ改性ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂性能的影响,应用分析电镜（ＴＥＭ－ＥＤＳ）对催化剂进行了微区元素组成分析,比较了Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｚｎ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＨＺＭ－５以及Ｚｎ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＨＺＳＭ－５机混催化剂的芳构化性能和Ｚｎ分布,并初步探讨了影响Ｚｎ组元分布的因素,结果表明,加入Ａｌ２Ｏ３的Ｚｎ改性ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂在经过高温焙烧或水热处理后,原来处于分子筛上的Ｚｎ组元部分迁移至Ａｌ２Ｏ３