Effects of Reaction Temperature on Distribution of Aromatization Reaction Products of Lanlian FCC Gasoline

Abstract

By using Lanlian FCC gasoline as a feedstock, the effects of temperature on the product distribution, light oil compound (gasoline and diesel), off-gas, and liquefied gas were researched in a confined fluidized bed reactor. The experimental results showed the off-gas, liquefied gas, and coke conversion were slowly increased with increasing temperature; the gasoline conversion had a maximum with increasing temperature; the diesel conversion showed no change; the olefins conversion was increased with increasing temperature; the aromatics yield was increased from 390°C to 430°C and from 430°C to 490°C, respectively; and the FCC gasoline Research Octane Number (RON) increased value was increased almost linearly with increasing the temperature. Aromatization index (AI) was put up in order to judge the aromatization degree of the FCC gasoline. The method obtained provided technical instruction for the petroleum chemical plant.     

Effects of Reaction Condition on the Secondary Aromatization Reaction of Lanlian FCC Gasoline Products

By using Lanlian catalytic gasoline aromatization production as a feedstock, the effects of reaction conditions on the aromatization product yield, conversion, motor octane number (MON), research octane number (RON), and solvent product compound were researched in a confined fluidized bed reactor. The experimental results show that the changeable trend of secondary aromatization yield of Lanlian FCC gasoline are the same with FCC gasolines under the operation condition. Although the aromatics contents of FCC gasoline after the secondary aromatization are about 5%, MON value of production decreases and RON value of production remain no change and coke yield contents are very high. These show that the qualities of secondary aromatization of FCC gasoline are very poor.     

The Effects of Weight Hour Space Velocity on the Products Distribution of Aromatization Reaction of Lanlian FCC Gasoline

Abstract

By using Lanlian fluid catalytic cracked (FCC) gasoline as a feedstock, the effects of weight hour space velocity (WHSV) on the product distribution, light oil compound, off-gas, and liquefied petroleum gas were researched in a confined fluidized bed reactor. The equation of off-gas yield, liquefied petroleum gas yield, coke yield, and light oil yield with increasing WHSV were established in the experimental data. The experimental result showed that with increasing WHSV, coke, off-gas, and liquefied petroleum gas yield decreased gradually, and light oil yield increased piece by piece; the amount of olefin was enhanced step by step, that of aromatics dropped slowly, and that of saturated hydrocarbon did not change. However, olefin conversion and increasing ratio of aromatics presented a slowly decreasing trend and increasing ratio of saturated hydrocarbon showed no change; hydrogen yield was low and did not change; i-butane and propane decreased, but n-butane increased gradually; C⁰ ₃/C⁼ ₃ and nC⁰ ₄/nC⁼ ₄ values did not change, iC⁰ ₄/iC⁼ ₄ variety had no order; C⁰ ₃/C⁼ ₃, C⁰ ₄/C⁼ ₄, and (C⁰ ₃ + C⁰ ₄)/(C⁼ ₃ + C⁼ ₄) values showed a decreasing trend.     

An Orthogonal Method for Aromatization Reactions of Shenghua FCC Gasoline

Using a confined fluidized bed reactor and aromatization catalysts (LBO-A and LBO-16), the aromatization performance of Shenghua fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline has been studied in an orthogonal method. The experimental results reveal that the optimum reaction condition for the light oil yield was reaction temperature 420°C, WHSV 40 h^-1, mass ratio catalyst to oil 4 and 75% LBO-A and 25% LBO-16; the optimum reaction condition for aromatics amount in the light oil was reaction temperature 420°C, WHSV 30 h^-1, mass ratio catalyst to oil 5 and 65% LBO-A and 35% LBO-16, the olefin content is remarkably reduced from about 54.7% to 12.8% and 8.7% (by mass), respectively, at the same time the reaction mechanism of aromatization reaction is put forward based on the experimental result.     

An Orthogonal Method for Aromatization Reactions of Shenghua FCC Gasoline

Abstract

Using a confined fluidized bed reactor and aromatization catalysts (LBO-A and LBO-16), the aromatization performance of Shenghua fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline has been studied in an orthogonal method. The experimental results reveal that the optimum reaction condition for the light oil yield was reaction temperature 420°C, WHSV 40 h^?1, mass ratio catalyst to oil 4 and 75% LBO-A and 25% LBO-16; the optimum reaction condition for aromatics amount in the light oil was reaction temperature 420°C, WHSV 30 h^?1, mass ratio catalyst to oil 5 and 65% LBO-A and 35% LBO-16, the olefin content is remarkably reduced from about 54.7% to 12.8% and 8.7% (by mass), respectively, at the same time the reaction mechanism of aromatization reaction is put forward based on the experimental result.     

Study on Disproportionation Reaction of FCC Gasoline on Acid Catalyst

Based on the experimental data relating to the reaction of FCC gasoline on acid catalyst the analysis of product distribution, and composition of gasoline and diesel fractions have been analyzed. The occurrence of disproportionation reaction of FCC gasoline on acid catalyst and the network of disproportionation reaction have been identified. Study has also shown that different reaction temperatures can result in different pathways of disproportionation reactions on acid catalyst.     

催化裂化汽油中间馏分芳构化降烯烃研究

采用ZnP／HZSM-5催化剂,以75℃-120℃催化裂化汽油馏分为原料,在实验室连续固定床反应装置上进行了芳构化反应,考察了工艺条件对芳构化反应的影响和降低烯烃的效果。研究结果表明,在反应温度430℃、反应压力0．1MPa、液时空速（LHSV）1h^-1的条件下,液体产品中烯烃含量、芳烃含量及异构烷烃含量分别达到3．28％、74．09％和20．59％。ZnP／HZSM-5催化剂具有较高的活性稳定性。反应产物是优良的清洁汽油调和组分。调合后,汽油的烯烃含量下降16．17个百分点,汽油的研究法辛烷值提高0．9单位。     

FCC汽油加氢改质催化剂研究开发进展

综述了FCC汽油加氢改质催化剂的研究开发进展,分析比较了各种催化剂的特点,讨论了其适用范围,指出了目前汽油改质催化剂研究开发存在的问题,认为具有高度加氢异构-适度芳构化双功能和长期稳定性的新型催化剂将是FCC汽油改质催化剂今后发展的趋势。     

Study on Reaction Mechanism for Cracking FCC Gasoline on Acid Catalyst

This article is based on the experimental data on reaction of FCC naphtha in the presence of acid catalysts. The data published in the literature were reprocessed and compared with experimental data and the relationship of hydrogen and methane contained in the dry gas with the conversion rate was identified. The similarity between the route for cracking of olefin enriched FCC gasoline and the route for reaction of individual hydrocarbons was deduced, while the route for formation of ethylene in dry gas was also proposed to identify the relationship between the reaction path for formation of ethylene and the conversion rate.     

FCC汽油加氢脱硫四集总反应动力学数值模拟

采用欧拉多相流模型、四集总反应动力学模型、多孔介质传热模型和层流有限速率模型,对FCC汽油加氢脱硫反应器内的多相流动、反应和传热进行了数值模拟计算,考察了多孔介质床层的速度场、温度场、脱硫率和影响脱硫率的各操作参数。结果表明,多相流和传热模型的选取、集总参数的求解和等价反应模型的设置能够较准确地描述三相流动状态及温度分布状态,四集总反应动力学模型结合层流有限速率模型能较准确地模拟计算脱硫率高达94%(质量分数)的深度脱硫过程。在该模型良好的适应性和外推性的基础上,计算了体积空速、反应压力和氢/油体积比3个操作参数对FCC汽油加氢脱硫率的影响。     

Aromatization of FCC Gasoline Over Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst

Zinc and phosphorus incorporated HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by adopting incipient wet co-impregnation (Zn-P/HZSM-5). Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the lowest acidity but the highest aromatization activity with stable performance in the studied period of 16 hr. The process conditions on aromatization reaction and the coke deactivation mechanism of Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst were studied on a small-scale, fixed bed reactor using FCC naphtha (75-120°C). The weight contents of ZnO and P₂O₅ were 2% and 4%, respectively. Results showed that Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst under a temperature of 450°C, liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 h^-1, and pressure of 0.1 MPa, the conversions of olefins and alkanes are 96.77% and 88.94%, respectively, the contents of olefins, aromatics in liquid product are 6.79% and 74.57%, respectively. Carbon deposition was the major reason for catalyst deactivation due to the catalyst's good performance as a fresh catalyst after regeneration. All of the blending products fitted the standards of Chinese gasoline.     

Aromatization of FCC Gasoline Over Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst

Abstract

Zinc and phosphorus incorporated HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by adopting incipient wet co-impregnation (Zn-P/HZSM-5). Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the lowest acidity but the highest aromatization activity with stable performance in the studied period of 16 hr. The process conditions on aromatization reaction and the coke deactivation mechanism of Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst were studied on a small-scale, fixed bed reactor using FCC naphtha (75–120°C). The weight contents of ZnO and P₂O₅ were 2% and 4%, respectively. Results showed that Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst under a temperature of 450°C, liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 h^?1, and pressure of 0.1 MPa, the conversions of olefins and alkanes are 96.77% and 88.94%, respectively, the contents of olefins, aromatics in liquid product are 6.79% and 74.57%, respectively. Carbon deposition was the major reason for catalyst deactivation due to the catalyst's good performance as a fresh catalyst after regeneration. All of the blending products fitted the standards of Chinese gasoline.     

FCC汽油降烯烃技术进展

随着环保意识的加强 ,对汽油中的烯烃含量限制越来越严格 ,针对近期的发展动态 ,从催化裂化 (简称FCC)技术、醚化技术、芳构化技术和烷基化技术等方面介绍了FCC汽油降烯烃生产技术的进展。同时比较了各种方法的优缺点。     

降低催化裂化汽油烯烃含量的后加工技术

随着环保意识的加强，对汽油中的烯烃含量限制越来越严格。针对近期研究动态，从芳构化、选择加氢精制及醚化技术方面介绍了降低催化裂化汽油烯烃含量的后加工技术进展。重点介绍已工业应用的3种芳构化技术，即Cyclar工艺、M-2 Forming工艺和Aroforming工艺，用于芳构化工艺的沸石催化剂；2种选择性加氧技术，即SCANfining工艺和ISAL工艺，用于选择性加氢精制催化剂；催化蒸馏合成醚类产物，用于烯烃醚化反应的催化剂。     

FCC轻汽油C_5和C_6烯烃异构化表观反应动力学的研究

采用管式滴流床反应器,在反应压力1.5 MPa、反应温度313～333 K、液态空速15～30 h-1的范围内,对C5和C6烯烃在LNEH-1镍基催化剂上的异构反应进行了研究。实验结果表明,烯烃只发生双键异构和顺反异构,没有发生骨架异构;1-戊烯、3-甲基-1-丁烯、2-甲基-1-丁烯、1-己烯双键异构反应对烯烃浓度的反应级数均为1,异构反应表观活化能分别为27.60,42.24,79.62,27.71 kJ/mol;随烯烃碳数的增加,异构反应阻力增大,同碳数支链烯烃比直链烯烃更难异构化;由实验数据的拟合得到烯烃异构反应动力学方程,1-戊烯转化率的计算值与实验值的相对偏差基本在10%以内,烯烃异构反应动力学方程可用于反应过程模拟和反应器的设计。     

FCC汽油在ZSM-5分子筛上的芳构化反应

考察了全馏分催化裂化（FCC）汽油的芳构化改质反应，结果表明，在三种不同硅铝比的分子筛中，以硅铝比为50的分子筛为载体所制备的催化剂性能较好。对Ni、Mo、Zn、Co4种金属活性组分的选择考察，以Zn为活性组分的催化剂芳构化性能最好，以Ni为活性组分的催化剂液收最高。分析了FCC汽油中不同烃类的芳构化反应历程．得出金属组分应有适宜的含量。     

催化裂化汽油馏分在P—Zn／HZSM-5催化剂上的芳构化

以50～100℃的FCC汽油馏分为原料,在连续固定床反应器上考察了工艺条件对P-Zn／HZSM-5催化剂在芳构化反应中性能的影响。结果表明,在反应温度410℃、反应压力0．5MPa、液时空速1．0h^-1的操作条件下,液相产物中的烯烃、异构烷烃和芳烃的含量分别为8．56％,13．07％,73．39％。催化剂P-Zn／HZSM-5具有较好的芳构化降烯烃效果。     

FCC轻汽油醚化装置催化剂失活原因分析

南充炼油化工总厂轻汽油醚化装置醚化催化剂和异构化催化剂超过使用寿命后均出现了床层压降增大和转化率降低等问题,通过分析,找到了催化剂失活原因,提出了解决方案,大大延长了催化剂的使用寿命,获得了良好的经济效益。     

不同硅/铝比La/ZSM-5分子筛对催化裂化轻汽油异构化/芳构化性能的影响

分别以硅/铝摩尔比为40、200、300、400的ZSM-5分子筛为载体,以金属镧为活性组分,制备一系列催化裂化(FCC)轻汽油异构化/芳构化催化剂,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附、²⁷Al MAS NMR、氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、吡啶红外吸附(Py-FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对其进行表征。以FCC轻汽油为原料,研究了La/ZSM-5分子筛硅/铝摩尔比变化对异构化/芳构化反应性能的影响。结果表明：随着ZSM-5硅/铝摩尔比的增加,其酸强度逐渐降低,B酸与L酸酸量比值减小,芳烃产率呈现先增加后减少的趋势;当硅/铝摩尔比为200时,Brønsted(B)酸与Lewis(L)酸酸量比值最低,FCC轻汽油异构化/芳构化性能最高;在反应温度380 ℃、压力1.0 MPa、氢/油体积比100和体积空速1.0 h^-1的条件下,La/ZSM-5 200分子筛催化剂作用下异构化/芳构化产品与反应原料相比,烯烃体积分数降低32.81百分点,异构烷烃体积分数增加18.24百分点,芳烃体积分数增加到5.97%,辛烷值降低5.38个单位,达成以芳构/异构反应为主的大幅度降烯烃的目标,为京Ⅵ(B)汽油标准的实施提供了技术支持。     

FCC汽油加氢改质工艺研究开发进展

综述了FCC汽油加氢改质工艺的研究开发进展,分析比较了各种工艺的特点及其适用范围,指出了目前汽油改质技术研究开发存在的问题,认为加氢异构与芳构相结合的脱硫、降烯烃、恢复辛烷值技术将是FCC汽油改质技术今后的发展趋势。