老化油乳化液在高频/高压脉冲交流电场下的破乳脱水实验研究

基于中海油深圳分公司流花11-1油田老化油配制的W/O型乳化液,采用静态静电聚结破乳实验,并辅助以离心机强化脱水,针对高频/高压脉冲AC电场下电场强度、频率、电压波形、含水率等因素对老化油乳化液电场破乳脱水效果的影响进行研究。结果表明：老化油乳化液的反相点位于40%~50%之间,W/O型老化油乳化液破乳脱水的最优电场参数为电压6 kV、频率2 kHz、波形为矩形波;以含水率40%较稳定老化油乳化液为例,其脱水率可达74.074%;改变乳化液含水率,最优电场破乳参数不变。上述研究结果为流花油田老化油处理流程的改造提供设计参考,并可为生产运行参数的改进提供依据。     

Stability of the Oil-water Emulsion Formed During Amphiphilic Polymer Flooding

The amphiphilic polymer can greatly improve the stability of produced liquid and thus makes it difficult to treat. It is of great necessity to study the stability of amphiphilic polymer flooding O/W crude oil emulsion. O/W crude oil emulsion tends to be more stable with increasing amphiphilic polymer concentration and decreasing holding temperature. Amphiphilic polymer flooding O/W crude oil emulsion is much more stable, especially when polymer concentration is above critical aggregation concentration. Aggregation formed by hydrophobic groups of the amphiphilic polymer is beneficial to the stability of amphiphilic polymer flooding O/W crude oil emulsions.     

表征化学驱采出液稳定性不同指标的关联性

研究了聚合物、石油磺酸盐及二元复合驱作为驱油剂对孤岛油田采出的原油乳状液稳定性的影响,考察用不同指标表征乳状液稳定性的关联性。结果表明,在60℃、破乳剂TA1031质量浓度为100mg/L时,随各种驱油剂质量浓度的增大,原油乳状液破乳脱水率降低,120min时脱水率由高到低的原油乳状液体系的顺序为石油磺酸盐体系、聚合物体系、二元复合驱体系,对应的稳定性评分SV值逐渐增大,体系的静态稳定性逐渐增强;对应的破乳后水相Zeta电位绝对值、电导率由大到小的顺序为二元复合驱体系、聚合物体系、石油磺酸盐体系;水相中的油滴中值粒径由大到小的顺序为石油磺酸盐体系、聚合物体系、二元复合驱体系。水相的Zeta电位值越负、电导率越高、水中油滴中值粒径越小,原油乳状液的稳定性越强,脱水率也越低,表明表征化学驱采出液稳定性的各指标具有很好的关联性。     

Influence of surfactants used in surfactant-polymer flooding on the stability of Gudong crude oil emulsion

The influences of an anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, used in surfactant-polymer flooding in Shengli Gudong oilfield, East China, on the interfacial properties of Gudong crude model oil and synthetic formation water was studied by measuring interfacial tension, interfacial viscoelasticity and Zeta potential. The influence of the surfactants on the stability of Gudong water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions was evaluated by separating water from the W/O emulsion and residual oil in the aqueous phase of the O/W emulsion respectively. The results showed that the two kinds of surfactants, namely anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, are both able to decrease the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the aqueous phase and increase the surface potential of the oil droplets dispersed in the O/W emulsion, which can enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W crude oil emulsions. Compared with petroleum sulfonate, the anionic-nonionic composite surfactant is more interfacially active and able to enhance the strength of the interfacial film between oil and water, hence enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W emulsions more effectively.     

应用降粘剂提高大港稠油油藏水驱采收率

在对大港官109-1断块稠油组成及结构进行分析的基础上,针对油藏高温、高矿化度及水驱采出程度低的特点,研制出一种降粘剂。在含水量大于30%及降粘剂加入量大于1 000 mg/L（占油水总质量）的条件下,能使油水体系形成稳定的O/W乳液,降粘率大于97%,且降粘剂的存在对采出液的破乳脱水没有负面影响。岩心驱油实验结果表明,降粘剂驱油体系比水驱体系稠油采收率提高22%以上,说明使用降粘剂可降低油藏稠油粘度,改善水/油流度比,提高波及系数,明显改善水驱效果。     

基于原油物性定量分析的原油乳状液转相点预测模型

以流动状态下的原油乳化含水率来表征原油-水体系的乳化特性,通过实验研究了体系含水率对原油乳化含水率的影响。研究表明：当体系含水率较小时,原油能将水相全部乳化,形成稳定的W/O乳状液;而当体系含水率超过一定的临界值后,原油乳化含水率急剧减少,形成的是W/O/W多重乳状液;该临界体系含水率,即为原油乳状液从W/O型向W/O/W型转变的转相点。确定了5个典型参数来表征原油物性,分别是沥青质胶质含量、蜡含量、机械杂质含量、原油酸值、原油全烃平均碳数。通过回归分析,建立了原油乳状液转相点预测模型,预测结果的平均相对偏差为3.2%。     

界面性质表征二元驱驱油剂对采出液稳定性的影响

UOP Separex Flux+是现有的Separex膜系统中膜元件的替代。Separex Flux+可增加污染物的去除,如酸性气和水。与现有技术相比,其设计可增加天然气加工能力,可使生产者获取更高的效益和降低成本。除了增加系统被加工的气体量外,与现有的膜产品相比,该膜元件每单位膜面积可去除更多的二氧化碳。这有助于使下游处理单元脱瓶颈制约,对     

2-D智能纳米黑卡稳定乳状液的机理

为揭示二维纳米片状材料(黑卡)对乳状液稳定性的影响,以扶余油田长春岭和三队区块原油为例,在水油体积比为7∶3的条件下,研究质量分数为0.005%的2-D智能纳米黑卡流体对原油乳状液稳定性的影响。通过稳定性分析仪和界面流变仪表征乳状液稳定性大小和界面膜强度,通过观察乳状液的微观形状和粒径分布分析黑卡增强乳状液稳定性的机理。研究结果表明,黑卡尺寸约为70×100(nm),厚度为0.65数1.2 nm。在原油和0.01%稳定剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)组成的乳状液中加入黑卡后形成Pickering乳状液,乳状液的析水速度变慢,乳状液的稳定析水率从75.71%数78.57%降至65.71%数72.86%;乳状液稳定性提高,稳定性指数(TSI)值由4.73数5.64降至2.71数3.84;乳状液膜的强度增强,体系流变学特征由黏性转变为明显的弹性。黑卡作用的Pickering乳状液的背散射光曲线可分为乳状液破乳区、过渡区和乳状液聚并区3个区域。黑卡能改变稳定剂亲水-亲油平衡,将W/O型乳状液转变为O/W型乳状液,形成液滴尺寸为0.1数5μm大小的乳状液,大幅降低原油黏度。黑卡同时具有亲水-亲...     

乳化稠油堵水技术在高温高盐油藏中的应用

以塔河油田为例,对乳化稠油堵水技术在高温高盐油藏中的应用进行了研究。使用非离子与阴离子乳化剂复配体系,且添加固体粉末提高乳状液黏度和稳定性,筛选出最佳乳化体系:3%CI-18+1%C22SC+4%沥青粉。结果表明,该乳化体系配制的W/O乳状液具有黏度高、耐温抗盐能力强且热稳定性高。物理模拟实验表明,该乳化稠油堵剂具有较好的堵水性能和耐冲刷性能。     

Demulsifier performance at low temperature in a low permeability reservoir

The crude oil in Longdong area is produced in the form of emulsion containing associated oil and water, which needs to be separated before dispatch to end user. Chemical demulsification under high temperature is the most widely used technology to break the emulsions. In this study a rheological method was used to determine the curve of viscosity-temperature and lower limit of temperature was determined. A series of experiments on low-temperature commercial demulsifies were implemented for studying demulsification performance by bottle test method. Mechanism of low-temperature demulsifier was studied by using spinning drop interfacial tensiometer to determine interfacial tension between the crude oil and demulsifier solution by considering the concentration. Turbiscan stability analyzer was used to study the effect of water content, temperature, and demulsifier concentration on emulsion stability. The corresponding relationship between interfacial tension and demulsification was verified through the study of low-temperature demulsifier effect on interfacial tension. Efficient low-temperature demulsifiers AR102, AR901, PR929, and PRC06 were selected. PRC06 was chosen to be the best at 40°C, and when the optimal concentration was 200 mg/L, dehydration rate was 99.51%.     

管输压力下实时记录式天然气发热量测定设备的开发

通过破乳脱水实验及界面性质研究了HPAM、吡咯林及其二元驱体系对原油乳状液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:加入浓度为100mg/L不同驱油剂后均使破乳剂BSE-238对原油乳状液的脱水率降低15%以上,SV值均增大,不同驱油剂均增强了原油乳状液的稳定性。含驱油剂的乳状液体系破乳后水相电导率增大、Zeta电位负值增大,破乳脱出水中含油量增大、油滴粒径减小。不同驱油剂影响乳状液稳定性的机理不同:HPAM对体系界面张力无明显影响,是通过增大体系黏度增强其稳定性;吡咯林对乳状液体系黏度无影响,大大降低油水界面张力而增强乳状液稳定性;两种驱油剂协同作用,使二元驱采出液更加稳定。     

微波-磁性纳米Ni粉对稠油破乳效果的pH值响应性

通过瓶试法研究了不同pH值下有/无微波辐射时磁性纳米Ni粉对稠油水包油(O/W)型乳状液破乳效果的影响规律,在此基础上,结合油滴形貌和分布以及乳状液表观黏度揭示了微波-磁性纳米Ni粉破乳效果的pH值响应行为机理。结果表明：当pH值相同时,单纯磁性纳米Ni粉和微波-磁性纳米Ni粉作用下的乳状液的分水率都随着磁性纳米粒子浓度的增加先上升后下降;与此同时,磁性纳米Ni粉与微波具有协同破乳的作用,且随着pH值增大,微波与磁性纳米Ni粉的耦合作用先减弱后增强,在pH值为3时两者的耦合作用最强,该条件下乳状液的分水率在30 min时达到102.63%。     

Demulsification of dilute O/W emulsion by DC electric field

In this article, the effect of demulsification of dilute O/W emulsion in DC electric field and its mechanism are investigated. The results show that the demulsification process of dilute O/W emulsion is divided into three stages: water layer formation, re-emulsification with transverse diffusion and uplift-stabilization of O/W emulsion. There is a critical current in the electro-demulsification of dilute O/W emulsion. Some evidences confirm that O/W emulsion system with surfactant produces a surface tension gradient in the height direction during the stratification process. The critical current together with the surface tension gradient causes different demulsification processes and current variation for different emulsions.     

原油复配破乳剂的配方设计

研究了水相pH值、非离子破乳剂和助剂对沙轻原油、阿曼原油、杰诺原油、胜利原油乳液稳定性的影响 ,考察了破乳剂与助剂的协同效应。结果表明 :沙轻原油在水相 pH =6～ 7时乳液的稳定性最差 ;破乳剂通过降低界面张力和使沥青质胶团向油相解缔而破坏乳液的稳定性 ;有机小分子助剂改变界面极性环境或增加芳香度使沥青质增溶而破坏乳液的稳定性 ,它们与破乳剂有很好的协同效应     

降压脱气对溶CO2原油乳液中水滴稳定性的影响

通过对CO₂在油/水/乳液中的溶解度、溶CO₂原油的流动性、溶CO₂后油-水间的界面特性、溶CO₂原油乳液的稳定性、油-水界面压力变化的测试与计算,分析溶CO₂原油乳液在降压脱气过程中水滴稳定性的变化规律。结果表明：溶CO2原油乳液中,沥青质等界面活性物质能够迅速地迁移并吸附于油-水界面,并微弱提高油相对CO₂的溶解能力,并使得油-水界面张力快速降低,界面弹性模量增大,降低界面扩张损耗角;溶入CO₂能够降低油相黏度,提高水滴沉降速率,使得原油乳液的分油率增大;降压脱气时,水相中CO₂气泡的析出、长大,迫使水滴膨胀,降低界面上活性物质的浓度,减小了油-水界面压力,使得水滴的聚结稳定性变差,增大了原油乳液的分水率。     

高酸原油破乳效果差的原因分析

高酸劣质原油的破乳脱盐成为加工企业迫切需要解决的技术难题。采用组分分析和原油破乳脱水方法,对荣卡多、多巴和阿尔巴克拉3种典型高酸原油的主要组成和乳化特性进行研究,结果表明：高酸原油不仅含有环烷酸,而且还含有一定量的环烷酸盐;环烷酸和环烷酸非碱金属盐基本不影响高酸原油破乳,但环烷酸钠具有较强的表面活性,对原油乳化作用强,是导致高酸原油破乳困难的主要因素。     

基于能量及原油物性定量分析的油-水混合液黏度预测模型

高含水油-水混合液往往不能形成稳定的乳状液,而是原油将其中一部分水乳化,形成了油包水(W/O)乳状液液滴和游离水的掺混体系.传统的乳状液黏度模型并不适用于这种非稳定乳化的油-水混合体系.采用搅拌测黏法测定并研究了搅拌转速、含水率及温度对油-水混合液表观黏度的影响.结果表明:油-水混合液的表观黏度随着搅拌速率的增大、含水...     

An evaluation of lignocellulosic solutions from OPEFB pulping process as demulsifiers for crude oil emulsion demulsification

Lignocellulosic solutions from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) organosolv pulping process are used as demulsifiers for demulsification of crude oil emulsion using a model of water-in-oil emulsion of crude oil and brine solution. The results indicate that the demulsification performance was favored when only lignin compound was contained in the demulsifier. The phase separation capacity and rate were strongly affected by brine pH values, temperatures and demulsifier dosages. Complete phase separation capacity was achieved at the optimum conditions. The separated oil and water are qualified for refining process and water treatment, respectively, making it promising as a demulsifier.     

MD膜驱剂对水包油乳状液的破乳作用

MD膜驱油现场试验中发现采出的含油污水有逐渐变清的趋势。实验考察了MD-1膜驱剂(一种单分子双季铵盐)对油田采出水的zeta电位、脱油率和水包油乳状液的脱水率的影响。结果表明。MD-1在水中电离生成的阳离子压缩双电层。zeta电位随着MD-1浓度的增加而增加，压缩双电层是渐进过程；MD-1对油田采出水的破乳作用随MD-1浓度增加而增加并且与采出水的含油量有关，含油量低时破乳脱油效果不佳；由阴离子表面活性剂ORS41和非离子表面活性剂OP-10为乳化剂形成的水包油乳状液(油相为含1％胶质和沥青质的煤油)。其脱水率均随MD-1浓度的增加而增加，但在乳化刺为OP-10时脱水率较低；MD-1膜驱剂与油相中的胶质及沥青质作用，破坏油水界面致使油滴聚并、破乳。图7表2参11。     

Investigation of Kinetic and Rheological Properties for the Demulsification Process

Chemical demulsification process is the most widely applied method of treating water in crude oil emulsions and involves the use of chemical additives to accelerate the emulsion breaking process. Hence, five demulsifiers were prepared in two steps. In the first step, the nonyl phenol was polymerized with formaldehyde to obtain five different molecular weights polymers. In the second step, the resulting polymers were ethoxylated with 50 ethylene oxide units and propoxylated with 10 propylene oxide units, yielding (D₁–D₅). The demulsification efficiency of these demulsifiers was investigated. The influence of viscosity on the droplet diameter for water-in-crude oil emulsion with three different ratios; 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 (v/v) w/o emulsions were examined. The results showed that, the viscosity of w/o emulsion was strongly augmented by increasing volume of water before reaching the inversion point. The yield point which is required to start the flow decreases with decreasing water percent. The coalescence rate increases with increasing drop size for D₅ as a representative sample. Results show that, the droplet size increases with increasing water content. The efficiency of water separation increases as the molecular weight increase.