碳化硅轻量反射镜的超精密加工

运用在线电解磨削技术(ELID)加工大型碳化硅球面镜(口径ф360 mm),设计了一套专用的静压组合夹具用以抑制加工过程中因磨削力引起的工件变形.结合在线面形测量和基于误差补偿的补正加工方法,可以获得面形精度为P-V值0.8 μm、表面粗糙度为Ra7.8 nm的高质量碳化硅球面镜.     

小波变换与FFT在电网谐波检测中的应用

电力系统中大量谐波的注入使得网络电能质量明显下降,而传统的检测方法由于自身技术的限制,已经不能满足目前谐波检测对实时性和精确性的要求。该文在分析了电网谐波变化特征的基础上,结合谐波检测新理论的发展及应用实践,提出将小波变换与传统检测方法相结合的检测方案,并用仿真试验验证了该联合算法的有效性。数据结果表明:小波变换在分析复杂信号中各谐波成分时表现出了其时频局部化特性的优势,而传统的FFT可准确提取信号各成分的频谱信息,该联合检测方法有效地提高了谐波检测的精度。     

基于小波变换的信号奇异性检测的研究

介绍小波变换的基本理论以及基于小波变换模极大值的信号奇异性检测方法,并在MATLAB下进行了仿真实验。实验表明,小波变换有着傅立叶变换无法比拟的良好效果。     

Chemomechanical effects in ductile-regime machining of glass

Optical glass was subjected to controlled, low-force scratching, and ultraprecision, fixed-abrasive grinding in various environments, including a homologous series of n-alcohols and water. It was found that the liquid environment significantly affected the mechanism of deformation and the extent of subsurface damage. Minimum subsurface damage occurred in a heptanol environment. Observed chemomechanical effects are linked to surface charge and ion adsorption through measurements of zeta-potential between the glass and the various environments. By comparing the present results with previously reported studies of chemomechanical effects, it was found that environments that inhibit fracture in fine microgrinding enhanced fracture at higher machining rates. This finding can be used to improve efficiency and increase productivity in ultraprecision machining of brittle materials.     

基于小波自适应算法的电网谐波测量方法研究

提出小波自适应滤波算法的结构模型,将多尺度小波分解与自适应滤波算法相结合,对多尺度小波变换固定步长和变步长LMS算法进行分析。通过MATLAB对算法进行了仿真验证。根据3种不同的输入信号,对算法的实时性、准确性、使用范围和收敛性等分别进行了仿真研究。     

Detection of dressing time using the grinding force signal based on the discrete wavelet decomposition

This paper describes the use of the grinding force signal to show the mechanical noise reduction and to detect the dressing time based on the discrete wavelet decomposition. As a result of de-noising, the wavelet de-noising method was more effective than the FFT filtering technique. From the approximation coefficients of the higher order wavelet transform, the grinding force signal obtained by a tool dynamometer was clear so it was possible to successfully detect the dressing time. A measured result by the surface roughness and the ground surface photograph coincided with the detection result.     

Using vibration-assisted grinding to reduce subsurface damage

This paper discusses a technique for reducing subsurface damage and/or increasing material removal rate (MRR) in ceramics grinding. An indentation damage model shows that intermittent unloading can produce a lateral crack before the median crack fully develops. It shows that upon reloading, the lateral crack shields against further median crack penetration. Furthermore, intermittent unloading produces shielding even for oblique indentation events and intermediate locations of lateral cracks. Single-grit scratch tests provide experimental validation of the beneficial effects of intermittent unloading. A magnetostrictive actuator modulated the workpiece to create the intermittent unloading. Simulation studies predict that force per grit can be doubled under modulated conditions without an increase in normal damage in the finished workpiece. Our experimental observations show a 62% increase in MRR with minimal associated increase in depth of penetration of the median crack. Alternatively, the experimental results also show that modulations could be used to reduce the depth of median crack penetration by 24% at the same MRR. In addition, we observed that damage depth increases with an increase in the ratio of cutting speed to modulation frequency. Finally, both depth of cut modulation and cutting direction modulation were effective in reducing subsurface damage.     

基于小波的多重分形图像去噪新算法

针对多重分形分析很难估计有限长离散数据的多重分形谱这一问题,提出了一种基于奇异性分析的多重分形图像去噪算法.通过定义基于小波系数矩的配分函数,给出了一种有限长离散数据序列多重分形谱估计方法.图像去噪算法中图像的性质由多重分形谱决定,对噪声的类型没有提出任何假设条件,而是通过定义一个基于二维微局域(2-mi-crolocal)分析的变换算子对每一点的Hausdorff指数进行处理,使处理后的图像中大多数点位于平滑区域的同时,谱的相对强度没有变化,从而取得最佳效果.实验结果表明,该方法在去除噪声的同时可很好地保留原始图像的纹理信息.     

Wear mechanisms of the C/SiC brake materials

The C/SiC brake materials were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration combined with liquid melt infiltration. The wear mechanisms of C/SiC brake materials were investigated. The main wear mechanisms were grain-abrasion, oxidation-abrasion, fatigue wear, and adhesive wear. These wear mechanisms always occurred simultaneously , and showed mutual enhancing effects between them. Grain-abrasion mainly was the result of hard SiC grain action. Adhesive wear could cause high wear rates and a large unstable friction coefficient. Si was the significant factor on the adhesive wear, so Si in the C/SiC brake materials must be removed.     

Tool State Detection by Harmonic Wavelet and Sample Entropy

It is a fact that acoustic emission(AE) signals contain potentially valuable information for tool wear and breakage monitoring and detection.However,AE stress waves produced in the cutting zone are distorted by the transmission path and the measurement systems,it is difficult to obtain a reliable result by these raw AE data.It is generally known that the process of tool wear belongs to detect weak singularity signals in strong noise.The objective of this paper is to combine Newland Harmonic wavelet and Richman-Moorman(2000) sample entropy for detecting weak singularity signals embedded in strong signals.First,the raw AE signal is decomposed by harmonic wavelet and transformed into the three-dimensional time-frequency mesh map of the harmonic wavelet,at the same time,the contours of the mesh map with log space is induced.Second,the profile map of the three-dimensional time-frequency mesh map is offered,which corresponds to decomposed level on harmonic wavelets.Final,by computing sample entropy in each level,the weak singularity signal can be easily extracted from strong noise.Machining test was carried out on HL-32 NC turning center.This lathe does not have a tailstock.Tungsten carbide finishing tool was used to turn free machining mild steel.The work material was chosen for ease of machining,allowing for generation of surfaces of varying quality without the use of cutting fluids.In turning experiments,the feasibility for tool condition monitoring is demonstrated by 27 kinds of cutting conditions with the sharp tool and the worn tool,54 group data are sampled by AE.The sample entropy of each level of wavelet decomposed for each one of 54 AE datum is computed,wear tool and shaper tool can be distinguished obviously by the sample entropy value at the 12th level,this is a criterion.The proposed research provides a new theoretical basis and a new engineering application on the tool condition monitoring.     

基于 SVMD-EWT 的超声组织谐波成像算法研究

针对超声组织谐波成像中宽带射频回波信号的谐波分离问题,提出了一种基于逐次变分模态分解( SVMD)和经验小波变换(EWT)的信号滤波算法,简称 SVMD-EWT。 其对信号进行逐次变分模态分解,收集窄带模态的中心频率。 结合经验小波变换中自适应频谱曲线局部极小值寻找方法对模态进行分类。 将判定为基波成分与谐波成分相互混叠的模态的能量作为优化经验小波变换模态边界的参数,设计经验小波滤波器对超声射频回波信号做滤波处理。 仿真和实验表明相比传统的人为给定截止频率的带通滤波器和将发射反相位信号得到的回波信号相加滤波的脉冲反转法,本文提出的方法具有更好的滤波性能和稳定性。 带通滤波器和本文方法滤波后生成的乳腺肿瘤谐波 B 超图对比度分别为 15. 77 dB 和 20. 78 dB。     

SiC颗粒对镁基复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了AZ91镁合金和SiC颗粒增强的镁基复合材料,SiC的粒度分别为18 μm和8μm,经热压烧结后制得试样.通过扫描电子显微镜观察分析基体和增强体的微观组织形貌,并将制备出的材料分别放入MMW-1型摩擦磨损试验机上,研究SiC的粒度对镁基复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响.实验结果表明:SiC颗粒的加入能有效...     

谐波小波相位谱研究及其在设备故障诊断中的应用

通过对谐波小波相位特性的理论分析,结合仿真信号进行分析研究,针对其相位谱难以理解的问题,提出了基于谐波小波的重构相位谱分析方法。     

小波变换在电网谐波分析中的应用

随着电力电子技术的广泛应用,谐波对电力系统的污染越来越严重,检测、分析和抑制谐波已经成为电力系统环境治理的重要课题.利用小波变换及传统的傅立叶变换对电网中的谐波进行了检测、分析,并通过MATLAB进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,利用小波变换可以将信号中不同频率的谐波有效地提取出来,并进行有针对性的分析,具有更高的分析精度.     

小波包变换在电网谐波检测中的应用研究

随着非线性负荷用户的不断增加,大量谐波注入电网,使得电力系统电压、电流波形偏离正弦波形发生畸变.运用小波包变换分析了电网系统谐波信号,根据信号特性,选取合适的小波函数,确定了小波包变换的分解层数,并通过仿真实验验证了小波包分析方法在电网谐波检测中的正确性和实用性.     

基于HWPT-ZFFT的二维全息谱计算方法

精确的频率、相位和幅值识别是进行全息谱计算的必备条件,针对含3个及以上的密集频谱成分,提出一种基于谐波小波包变换的频谱细化方法(harmonic wavelet packets transform-zoom fast Fourier transform,简称HWPT-ZFFT),较传统的复调制细化傅里叶变换所利用的低通及带通滤波器相比,其盒型频谱特性可将感兴趣频段的信号正交,无冗余、无泄漏地提取出,提高了识别精度。首先,利用谐波小波包对密集频谱成分进行滤波;然后,频移进而重采样,进行傅里叶变换得到细化的频率、幅值及相位;最后,计算密集频率下二维全息谱,进行双盘转子全息谱计算,考虑高次分倍频,得到更丰富的故障特征。仿真及双盘转子实验结果表明所提出方法的有效性。     

谐波小波的时频特性分析及其在故障诊断中的应用

小波分析在故障诊断中得到较广泛的应用,但采用不同的小波,分析结果往往会有很大差异。本文通过对谐波小波的选频和相位特性的理论分析,结合仿真信号与故障试验进行分析研究,提出了将基于谐波的小波包分析方法用于诊断碰摩故障,并提出了基于谐波小波的进化谱分析方法,为松动故障的识别提供了一种有效手段。     

不同摩擦状态下滑动轴承与转子碰撞振动提取研究

为了研究滑动轴承在不同摩擦状态下碰撞振动的特征,在滑动轴承试验台上进行滑动轴承不同摩擦状态试验,应用谐波小波包变换提取滑动轴承碰撞振动信号,探讨碰撞振动信号在滑动轴承同摩擦状态下的变化。结果表明:当滑动轴承处于边界摩擦状态时,碰撞振动信号的均方根值大,并随着主轴转速的增加而增大;当滑动轴承处于混合摩擦状态时,碰撞振动信号的均方根值随着主轴转速的增加显著下降;当滑动轴承处于液体摩擦状态时,碰撞振动信号的均方根值小,并随着主轴转速的增加呈平稳上升趋势。因此,通过谐波小波包变换提取的滑动轴承碰撞振动信号反映了滑动轴承摩擦状态的变化,可用于滑动轴承摩擦状态的监测。     

电火花机械复合磨削技术的研究进展

电火花机械复合磨削集合了机械磨削和电火花加工两种加工工艺,能够提高加工效率和加工质量,广泛应用于导电难加工材料的加工。本文对电火花机械复合磨削机理和研究现状进行了系统阐述,在分析现有研究成果的基础上,针对大口径Si C反射镜非球面成形磨削中存在的加工效率低、砂轮磨损严重等问题,提出了将电火花机械复合磨削应用于大口径Si C反射镜非球面成形磨削加工的观点,以提高其成形加工效率。