An Orthogonal Method for Aromatization Reactions of Shenghua FCC Gasoline

Abstract

Using a confined fluidized bed reactor and aromatization catalysts (LBO-A and LBO-16), the aromatization performance of Shenghua fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline has been studied in an orthogonal method. The experimental results reveal that the optimum reaction condition for the light oil yield was reaction temperature 420°C, WHSV 40 h^?1, mass ratio catalyst to oil 4 and 75% LBO-A and 25% LBO-16; the optimum reaction condition for aromatics amount in the light oil was reaction temperature 420°C, WHSV 30 h^?1, mass ratio catalyst to oil 5 and 65% LBO-A and 35% LBO-16, the olefin content is remarkably reduced from about 54.7% to 12.8% and 8.7% (by mass), respectively, at the same time the reaction mechanism of aromatization reaction is put forward based on the experimental result.     

An Orthogonal Method for Aromatization Reactions of Shenghua FCC Gasoline

Using a confined fluidized bed reactor and aromatization catalysts (LBO-A and LBO-16), the aromatization performance of Shenghua fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline has been studied in an orthogonal method. The experimental results reveal that the optimum reaction condition for the light oil yield was reaction temperature 420°C, WHSV 40 h^-1, mass ratio catalyst to oil 4 and 75% LBO-A and 25% LBO-16; the optimum reaction condition for aromatics amount in the light oil was reaction temperature 420°C, WHSV 30 h^-1, mass ratio catalyst to oil 5 and 65% LBO-A and 35% LBO-16, the olefin content is remarkably reduced from about 54.7% to 12.8% and 8.7% (by mass), respectively, at the same time the reaction mechanism of aromatization reaction is put forward based on the experimental result.     

Aromatization Reactions of Three Gasoline Fractions

Using a confined fluidized bed reactor and aromatization catalysts (LBO-A and LBO-16), three fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) narrow fraction gasoline (Lanlian gasoline, Shandong gasoline, and Fushun gasoline) at 420°C has been studied. The results reveal that at 420°C and a mass ratio of catalyst to oil of 5, the olefin content is remarkably reduced from about 20 to 30% (by mass) over 75% LBO-A and 25% LBO-16, and the octane number is kept at a high level after the aromatization reaction, at the same time the nine lumps model of aromatization reaction is put forward based on the corresponding mechanism. The method obtained can provide the technical instruction for the petroleum chemical plant.     

Influence of the aging temperature of catalysts on the aromatization reaction of Lanlian FCC gasoline

The paper introduces the influence of the aging temperature of catalysts and different ratios of LBO-16 and LBO-A on the aromatization reaction of Lanlian fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline. How the aromatization reaction mechanism takes place is mainly described on the surface of LBO-16 and LBO-A catalysts; at the same time, a nine-lump model of the aromatization reaction is put forward based on the corresponding mechanism. The method obtained can provide technical instruction for a petroleum chemical plant. Published in Russian in Neftekhimiya, 2006, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 110–115. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

An Orthogonal Method for Aromatization Reactions of Shenghua Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Abstract:

By using Shenghua liquefied petroleum gas, FCC gaoline as a feedstock, LBO-A and LBO-16 as catalysts, and a confined fluidized bed as a reactor, the aromatization reaction of liquefied petroleum gas and FCC gasoline has been studied in an orthogonal method, and the nine lumps model has been put forward based on the aromatization reaction of liquefied petroleum gas. A mathematical method obtained is first introduced to study the relationship of various products of aromatization, and it is beneficial to know the mechanism and kinetics of the aromatization reaction to adapt to the necessity of industrialization.     

An Orthogonal Method for Aromatization Reactions of Shenghua Liquefied Petroleum Gas

By using Shenghua liquefied petroleum gas, FCC gaoline as a feedstock, LBO-A and LBO-16 as catalysts, and a confined fluidized bed as a reactor, the aromatization reaction of liquefied petroleum gas and FCC gasoline has been studied in an orthogonal method, and the nine lumps model has been put forward based on the aromatization reaction of liquefied petroleum gas. A mathematical method obtained is first introduced to study the relationship of various products of aromatization, and it is beneficial to know the mechanism and kinetics of the aromatization reaction to adapt to the necessity of industrialization.     

The Aromatization of Different FCC Naphtha Fractions over a P-Zn/HZSM-5 Catalyst

Abstract

The aromatization reaction performance of P-Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst was investigated on a fixed bed reactor using five fluid catalytic cracked (FCC) gasoline fractions (<100°C, 50°C–100°C, <120°C, 75°C–120°C, and full fraction) as feedstock, and the effect of feedstock on aromatization is discussed. The results showed that the activity and stability of P-Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst for the aromatization of the 50°C–100°C fraction were high in definite reaction conditions. After 16 hr, the content of olefin and aromatics in liquid product were 5.23 and 79.9%, respectively. The liquid product of low olefin and high aromatics was obtained. The distribution of benzene, toluene, and xylene in liquid product of 50°C–100°C fraction was investigated during aromatization, and the result showed that the toluene content was maximum among the three aromatics contents, the benzene content was minimum at the beginning of the reaction, xylene content became maximum, and benzene was still minimum after reacting for 20 hr. The content of C₉ ⁺ aromatics increased at the first stage of the reaction and then decreased with the increasing reaction time.     

复合催化剂上催化裂化汽油催化改质的正交实验研究

将LBO-A和LBO-16催化剂进行复合,在小型固定流化床实验装置上,对催化裂化汽油进行了催化改质的正交实验研究,考察了反应温度、重时空速、剂油比和催化剂复合比例对反应的综合影响.     

Aromatization of FCC Gasoline Over Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst

Abstract

Zinc and phosphorus incorporated HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by adopting incipient wet co-impregnation (Zn-P/HZSM-5). Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the lowest acidity but the highest aromatization activity with stable performance in the studied period of 16 hr. The process conditions on aromatization reaction and the coke deactivation mechanism of Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst were studied on a small-scale, fixed bed reactor using FCC naphtha (75–120°C). The weight contents of ZnO and P₂O₅ were 2% and 4%, respectively. Results showed that Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst under a temperature of 450°C, liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 h^?1, and pressure of 0.1 MPa, the conversions of olefins and alkanes are 96.77% and 88.94%, respectively, the contents of olefins, aromatics in liquid product are 6.79% and 74.57%, respectively. Carbon deposition was the major reason for catalyst deactivation due to the catalyst's good performance as a fresh catalyst after regeneration. All of the blending products fitted the standards of Chinese gasoline.     

Effects of Reaction Temperature on Distribution of Aromatization Reaction Products of Lanlian FCC Gasoline

Abstract

By using Lanlian FCC gasoline as a feedstock, the effects of temperature on the product distribution, light oil compound (gasoline and diesel), off-gas, and liquefied gas were researched in a confined fluidized bed reactor. The experimental results showed the off-gas, liquefied gas, and coke conversion were slowly increased with increasing temperature; the gasoline conversion had a maximum with increasing temperature; the diesel conversion showed no change; the olefins conversion was increased with increasing temperature; the aromatics yield was increased from 390°C to 430°C and from 430°C to 490°C, respectively; and the FCC gasoline Research Octane Number (RON) increased value was increased almost linearly with increasing the temperature. Aromatization index (AI) was put up in order to judge the aromatization degree of the FCC gasoline. The method obtained provided technical instruction for the petroleum chemical plant.     

Aromatization Reaction of Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Abstract

The aromatization reaction of liquefied petroleum gas has been studied by using Huabei liquefied petroleum gas as raw material and LBO-A as catalyst, and the four lumped kinetics models network have been put up forward on the basis of lumped theory and the aromatization reaction mechanism. In the network, the aromatization reaction species were firstly lumped into C₄, propylene, low-molecular hydrocarbon, liquid, and coke. A mathematical method is first introduced to study on the product distribution of liquefied petroleum gas aromatization reaction. The results from experimental data are in accordance with the quantitatively analytical conclusions drawn from the calculated data.     

反应温度对C4烃芳构化反应的影响

以C4烃为原料,在500 mL固定床芳构化实验室反应装置上,利用催化剂SHY-DL,考察了反应温度对芳构化产物收率及分布情况的影响。结果表明,随着反应温度的升高,副产物干气的收率逐渐增大,液化石油气(LPG)的收率变化不大,目的产物汽油的收率逐渐减小,柴油收率则逐渐增大;汽油中异构烷烃、正构烷烃和烯烃的质量分数逐渐减小,而芳烃的质量分数则逐渐增大,表明温度升高有利于芳构化反应的进行。C4烃芳构化适宜反应温度为380～420℃,所得汽油产物的收率大于40%,其辛烷值大于100,LPG中的丙烷质量分数约为50%。     

助剂LBO-A加入量对大庆常压渣油催化裂化反应的影响

在小型固定流化床实验装置上,以大庆常压渣油为原料,采用华北石化公司第Ⅱ套催化裂化装置的平衡剂为催化剂,在反应温度480～490 ℃、剂油质量比为6、空速为20 h-1的条件下,考察加入助剂LBO-A对催化裂化反应的影响。结果表明,随助剂LBO-A加入量的增加,重油裂化能力降低,汽油收率和液体收率减少,但汽油中芳烃含量增加;当助剂LBO-A加入量为10％时,催化裂化产品分布较合理,汽油中烯烃质量分数降低到20%以下,汽油中芳烃含量增加4.2个百分点。     

Olefin Reduction of FCC Naphtha Using β-zeolite Catalyst in the Absence of Hydrogen

Abstract

In order to fulfill the requirement of environmental protection, experimentation of reducing FCC gasoline olefin content and optimization of the process operating conditions were studied in a small fixed vector. Under the action of a macroporous molecular sieve catalyst, which consists of active composition of Ni and Mo metal in β-zeolite supporter, when the reaction temperature was 140°C, reaction pressure was 2.0 MPa, and space velocity was 1.0 h^?1–2.0 h^?1, aromatization reactions, isomerization reactions, and hydrogen transfer reactions happened, so that the olefin, benzene, and arene in product gasoline were no more than 35%, 2.5%, and 40%, respectively. The octane number of petroleum is slightly increased. And it overcomes the disadvantage of losing octane by hydrogenation process. The catalyst could be regenerated using a multi-cycle with an average running cycle of about 96 hr. The results show that the process reaction condition is relaxation, process is non-hydrogenation, process flow is simple, technical and economic target is advanced, benefit is high, and cost is low.     

Oligomerizing Olefins in Light Coke Gasoline to Diesel

Abstract

We prepare a catalyst for FCC gasoline polymerizing to produce diesel oil, which uses non-noble metal Ni as the main active component; here mesopore γ-Al₂O₃ is used as the carrier. The effects of mass fraction of active components and the condition of preparing were investigated simultaneously. The results show that mass fraction of the main active component is 8%, soakage time is 6 hr, and the roasting temperature is 500°C to roast for 4 hr, which are better conditions for preparing the catalyst. Under the condition of a reaction temperature of 210°C, reaction pressure is 3.0 Mpa, space velocity is 1.0 h^?1, and volumetric percent of diesel is 42.0%, which meet a criterion of ?35^# diesel. At the same time we study the stability and regeneration of the catalyst with good results.     

稀土催化裂化助燃剂反应性能研究

以降烯烃催化剂LBO-16为主催化剂,在提升管反应器中对稀土催化裂化助燃剂RE-Ⅲ反应性能进行了评价。结果表明,在反应温度为500℃,时间为1.95 s,催化剂/原料油（质量比）为5.6,RE-Ⅲ助燃剂用量为3 500×10^-6的条件下,轻质油和总液收率分别增加了1.160,.22个百分点,汽油烯烃体积分数增加了1.85个百分点,转化率和研究法辛烷值变化不大,烟气中一氧化碳体积分数下降3.39个百分点。     

The Aromatization Properties of Nano-HZSM-5 Catalyst

Abstract

In this article, the influence of reaction conditions on the aromatization over nano-HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was investigated. The experimental results showed that nano-HZSM-5 catalyst has the best aromatization properties under the optimal conditions: reaction temperature 430°C, reaction pressure 0.3 MPa, and liquid hourly space velocity 1 h^?1. At the optimal operational conditions, the conversion of olefins in the feedstock was 76.15%. Aromatics yield and the content of olefins, content of aromatics, and content of isoparaffins in liquid product were up to 84.98%, 12.11%, 39.58%, and 35.23%, respectively.     

The Effect of Metal Introduced Over ZSM-5 Zeolite for C9 Heavy Aromatics Hydrodealkylation

Abstract

Five different (Bi, Ni, Mo, Pt, H)/ZSM-5 catalysts were tested for hydrodealkylation (HDA), isomerisation, dehydrogenated, cyclistion, and poly-alkyl-aromatics activities. Experiments were performed in a fixed-bed microreactor between 300°C and 420°C, at a total pressure of 0.8 MPa and a liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 h^?1. Pt (Mo)/ZSM-5 catalysts enhanced activity in terms of better balance between metal nanoparticles formed and acid sites. Pt-loading catalysts were the best overall catalysts, producing high C₉ alkyl-aromatics (isopropylbenzene) conversion (95.9%), high HDA selectivity (92.2%), and relatively low reaction temperature. Mo-loading catalysts, despite producing the high conversion, required the higher reaction temperatures.     

Simulation of the Regeneration of a Coked Aromatization Catalyst

Abstract

Taking into account the effects of finite chemical reaction rate, internal diffusion and reaction heat release, a theoretical model was developed to investigate the regeneration process of a single coked aromatization catalyst of 1 mm in diameter. The results showed that at 650°C, the chemical reaction rate is the limiting step and the regeneration process is characterized by the homogeneous model. At temperatures above 750°C, regeneration process is affected strongly by the internal diffusion of oxygen. The maximum temperature rise of the catalyst particle increases with increasing initial regeneration temperature. The maximum temperature rise also increases with the increase of the initial carbon load and the CO₂/CO ratio in product gas; however, the regeneration time needed for a certain degree of burn-off also increases.     

Influence of ZnO and P2O5 Content on Modified HZSM-5 on Aromatization of FCC Gasoline

Abstract

Catalytic properties of different content of ZnO and P₂O₅ supported on HZSM-5 zeolites were studied in the conversion of FCC gasoline (75°C–120°C) into aromatic hydrocarbons with a temperature of 430°C, a liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 hr^?1, and a pressure of 0.1 MPa. In the reaction, when the contents of ZnO and P₂O₅ are 2% and 4%, respectively, Zn-P/HZSM-5 showed the highest selectivity and activity to aromatic hydrocarbons and conversion of olefins. The content of aromatics in the liquid product and the yield of aromatics reached as high as 94.53%, 68.87%, and 51.74%, respectively.