MPTT型原油脱钙剂的实验研究

利用SH-Ⅰ型电脱盐试验仪对MPTT原油脱钙剂进行了实验研究,考察剂钙摩尔比、破乳剂加入量、注水量、反应温度、电场场强以及沉降时间对脱钙效果的影响.结果表明:针对辽河及多巴混合原油的性质研制的MPTT型脱钙剂在剂钙比为1.0～1.2、温度为135℃、注水量为6％、破乳剂加入量30μg/g、弱电场场强400V/cm、强电...     

HF-101原油脱钙剂的工业应用研究

采用大港油田集团油田化学有限公司研制的HF-101脱钙剂对中国石油锦州石化分公司炼油厂掺炼的杜巴原油脱钙效果进行了实验室评价及工业试验。实验室评价结果表明,在剂钙质量比为2:1、注水量为5%、电脱盐温度130℃、破乳剂加量30μg/g的条件下,原油脱钙率达到90.89%～91.43%,显示了良好的脱钙效果。工业应用试验结果表明,使用HF-101脱钙剂后原油中的钙平均脱除率可达到90.89%,脱后原油的平均钙含量为24.81μg/g;原油的灰分由脱钙前的0.065%降至0.030%左右;原油的盐含量和含水量也大幅度下降。并且使用HF-101脱钙剂可使电脱盐装置的操作电流下降50%,具有较好的节能降耗作用。     

石油中有机钙化合物脱除反应的研究

以原油中的有机钙为研究对象,考察各条件对有机钙脱除反应的影响.结果表明:有机钙的脱除率随着脱钙剂加入量、注水率、反应温度、反应时间的增加而提高;脱钙反应在弱酸性溶液中进行较为有利,脱钙剂水溶液的pH值以6.5为佳;有机钙脱除过程是含有脱钙剂的水相从油相中萃取金属钙的化学萃取过程,受扩散和化学反应双重控制.     

SF型脱钙剂在高酸多巴原油上的应用

 采用SF型高效脱钙剂和破乳剂SP-169对多巴原油进行脱钙研究。考察SF型脱钙剂加剂量、反应温度、注水率、沉降时间等因素对脱钙效果的影响。结果表明,SF型脱钙剂与破乳剂SP-169配伍对多巴原油具有较好的脱钙效果和优良的破乳效果,在剂钙质量比为2.5、破乳剂SP-169加入量为100 μg/g、反应温度为90 ℃、注水率为15%、反应时间为10 min、沉降时间为15 h的条件下,脱钙率达到87.7%,同时具有较好的脱铁效果,脱铁率达到68.2%。脱后原油钙含量为34.9 μg/g,盐含量为2.018 mg NaCl/L,原油水含量为0.17%,排水中油质量浓度小于50 mg/L。     

低硫超稠油水热裂解反应的研究

研究了反应温度、反应时间、加水量对辽河曙一区超稠油水热裂解反应的影响。结果表明，随反应温度、反应时间和添加物料中水油比的增加，水热裂解反应后油样的饱和份、芳香份的含量逐渐增大，沥青质、胶质含量逐渐减小；在反应温度为240℃、反应时间24小时、添加的水油质量比为0.5时，超稠油水热裂解反应基本完成，50℃粘度由超稠油原样的147.5Pa·s降低到115.4Pa·s，平均相对分子量由超稠油原样的674降低到550。由此可知，含硫量仅为0.45m%的辽河曙一区超稠油能够通过水热裂解反应降低其粘度，实现降粘开采。     

稠油热采伴生气物质来源及影响因素

针对注蒸汽热采过程中伴生气来源不清的问题,利用高温高压反应釜对辽河油田齐40块原油、岩心及地层水等样品开展室内实验,探索伴生气产生机理及影响因素。结果表明：原油是热采伴生气的主要物质来源,其主要发生水热裂解反应,储层矿物对水热裂解反应起催化作用;伴生气产生的起始温度为150℃,其产量随温度升高而增大,当温度达到300℃时水热裂解与稠油热裂解共同作用导致伴生气产量急剧上升;在250℃时,9 d后原油水热裂解反应基本完成,之后伴生气产量无明显增长。该研究可为稠油热采充分利用伴生气提供参考。     

提高注水开发效果的稠化原油技术研究

开发了一种稠化原油技术以提高油田注水开发效果，确定了稠化原油体系最佳配方：原油选择辽河油田欢2联外输原油（粘度306．2mPa·s），乳化剂选用自制表面活性剂XYJ，加量为1．O％-3．0％。性能评价表明，该体系吸水增粘能力强，适用温度为40-100℃；并且选择性封堵效果好，堵水率大于90％，堵油率小于15％，平均提高油层中、低渗透层总采收率25．34％。该技术在辽河油田实施3井次，增油降水效果较好，均达到预期目标。该技术具有施工工艺简单、不伤害油层、环保、低成本、原料易得等特点，且采出液不需特殊处理，具有广阔的应用前景。     

The Removal of Naphthenic Acids from Beijiang Crude Oil With a Sodium Hydroxide Solution of Ethanol

Abstract

A new method is introduced in this article to separate naphthenic acids from Beijiang highly acidic crude oil with a sodium hydroxide solution of ethanol. The sodium hydroxide solution of ethanol was used as the acid removal reagent by mixing with the crude oil and then allowing the two phases to separate, with the naphthenic acids being extracted from the crude oil. Data indicated that the optimal content of sodium hydroxide in crude oil was 3,000 μg/g and the optimal extraction time was 5 min with the reagent/oil ratio being 0.4:1 (wt/wt). The suitable reaction temperature could be room temperature. The total acid number of the crude oil was lowered from 3.92 to 0.31 mg KOH/g and the acid removal could reach up to 92.1%.     

原油脱钙剂的腐蚀性及对策

从原油脱钙剂作用机理、性能等方面说明脱钙剂的腐蚀性，考察了脱钙剂在不同状态和环境下腐蚀性的大小，采用加入缓蚀剂、降低脱钙剂水溶液的温度、直接注入到原油等控制手段，可降低脱钙剂的腐蚀性。     

KAL型原油脱钙剂的研究

在对安庆和大港原油的脱盐过程中加入KAL型脱钙剂进行了脱钙试验,并用原子吸收光谱分析脱钙前后原油的钙含量。试验结果表明,KAL型脱钙剂对上述两种原油有很好的脱钙效果,随着脱钙剂注入量的增加,脱钙率遂渐升高,直至脱除到危害较小。试验还考察了注水量和电场强度对脱钙反应的影响。     

Preparation of Surfactant for Oil Displacing Refined from Furfural Extract Oil

Abstract

Petroleum sulfonate (PS) was prepared in an autoclave sulfonation reactor using HIV-400 furfural extract oil of Daqing Refinery as feedstock and oleum (120%) as sulfonation agent. The effects of synthesis conditions were studied, and the PS yield was 45.1% with 48.2% of active components under the following best synthesis technology conditions: acid–oil ratio of 0.45:1 and reaction temperature of 60°C. The interfacial tension between crude oil and the water phase was effectively reduced by adding the PS at low dosage, when it was compounded with sodium carbonate, the interfacial tension could be under 10^?3 mN/m, meeting the requirements of an oil-displacing surfactant.     

Effects of Steam Soak on the Two Eocene Heavy Crude Oils from the Urdaneta District (Venezuela)

Abstract

Simulation studies of steam-alkaline injection were made using the only two Eocene viscous crude oils from the Urdaneta District (Venezuela). Reactors were stainless steel and work conditions were a temperature of 200°C, 20 days' reaction time, and an alkali concentration of 4000 ppm. The aim of this work was to evaluate chemistry changes in the saturates and aromatics of both crudes as a result of the crude-alkaline-solid phase interactions. There were significant variations in the biomarker distribution in the two crudes (higher for the Boscán crude), particularly in the mono- and triaromatic steranes, and benzotiophenes of the two crudes.     

原油脱钙剂作用机理及其脱钙效果

通过对不同化学剂诸如EDTA钠盐、六偏磷酸钠盐、盐酸和RPD作为原油脱钙剂时对原油脱钙的试验研究,分析了原油脱钙剂的作用机理。结果表明,在原油脱钙过程中,脱钙剂与原油中石油酸钙的作用类似于复分解反应,原油中的环烷酸钙转化为环烷酸钠或环烷酸。不同化学剂与原油中钙之间存在化学计量关系,EDTA钠盐和六偏磷酸钠盐类化学剂在络合脱除原油中钙的同时会使原油中钠离子增加。RPD新型脱钙剂避免了钠盐化学剂的缺点,对新疆克拉玛依九区稠油、北疆原油及苏丹稠油等不同性质高钙原油,在剂钙质量比为4.0时脱钙率达90％以上。原油脱钙后,原油中的石油酸钙盐转化生成石油酸组分,不给原油引入新的有害杂质。     

THE STUDY OF PRODUCING HEAVY TRAFFIC ASPHALT BY USING THE HIGH VISCOUS CRUDE FROM NO.l SHUGUANG ZONE OF LIAOHE OIL FIELD

ABSTRACT

The characteristics of the high viscous crude from No. 1 Shuguang Zone of Liaohe Oil Field are similar to those of residue distillates of general crude such as high density(ρ ₂₀=0·9977 g.cm^-3),high viscidity υ ₁₀₀= 1223·9 mm².s-¹) and high carbon/hydrogen ratio. This oil contains less wax, but rich in resin and asphalt, which belongs to low sulfur naphthene-base crude oil and can be used as feedstock to produce high paving asphalt. But now it is used as fuel after emulsificating. In order to make full use of this oil and resolve the problem of paving asphalt demand-supply, various paving asphalts conforming to GB50092-96 standard were produced by blending vacuum residue of the high viscous crude from No.l Shuguang Zone of Liaohe Oil Field and waste oil which is rich in aromatics and poor in wax. The laboratory test results show that modified paving asphalts have good low-temperature properties and antiaging feature.     

超声波强化重质原油破乳脱水脱钙

 摘要：以含钙量高达180 μg/g的新疆重质原油为研究对象，在实验室条件下，采用超声波破乳技术进行重质原油脱水脱钙研究。在确定破乳剂K和脱钙剂R、注水量12%(体积分数)、脱钙剂/钙摩尔比1.5︰1的条件下，考察了超声波强化破乳脱水脱钙的影响因素。结果表明，油-剂混合时的搅拌速率、超声波发生器输出电压、超声波辐照时间和超声波辐照后的沉降时间都有其最佳值。实验样品经7000 r/min搅拌速率混合均匀，经60 V超声波辐照5min，再在80℃沉降24 h后，原油含水量降低至0.64%(体积分数)，脱钙率达到37.8%，说明超声波有较好的破乳脱水和脱钙作用。     

顶空气相色谱法测定辽河稠油减压渣油脱油沥青中戊烷含量

采用静态顶空气相色谱法测定辽河稠油减压渣油高软化点脱油沥青中戊烷的含量,确定了色谱的测定条件,研究了气液相比、平衡时间、平衡温度等因素对定量分析的影响。在戊烷质量分数为0～12.94%范围内,戊烷色谱峰面积和质量分数的线性关系良好,加样回收率为98.19%～104.66%,戊烷的检测限为0.11%。采用该方法测得辽河稠油减压渣油高软化点沥青中戊烷质量分数小于0.5%。     

超声波在高酸原油酯化脱酸中的应用研究

将超声波技术应用到高酸原油酯化反应脱酸中。以甘油为酯化脱酸剂,研究醇酸摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、超声功率对多巴高酸原油自催化酯化反应脱酸的影响,并与磁力搅拌作用下的脱酸效果进行对比。结果表明,在醇酸摩尔比为6、反应温度为250℃、反应时间为30min、超声功率为90W的条件下,多巴原油酸值可由4.74mgKOH/g降到0.21mgKOH/g,脱酸率高达95.6%。在反应温度为220℃的条件下,超声处理的脱酸效果优于磁力搅拌,超声处理后的油样性质变化不大。     

Lubricated Pipe Transport of Heavy Crude Oils

Abstract

Optimal conditions for lubricated transport of very heavy crude oils in a horizontal pipeline are established. A central core annular flow is obtained using water as the lubricating fluid and heavy oil as the core of the flow. The pressure drop along the pipe using lubricated transport is 50 times less than the pressure drop required to transport the heavy oil without lubrication. When the conditions of temperature, viscosity, and pressure at the injection nozzle are maintained within a certain range, the lubricated transport, with 70% heavy oil in the center and 30% water in the outer annulus, remains stable regardless of the pipe wall temperature.     

CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF RESIDUAL LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS TO AN ACETONE-SOLUBLE OIL

Abstract

A study of the reaction involving the heating of air dried and ground lignocellulosic materials such as wheat straw, corn stover, tobacco stalk, tobacco leave and hazel nut shell suspended in water containing sodium carbonate catalyst at elevated temperatures and pressures in a 0.1 liter autoclave. They have been converted to acetone-soluble oil and water-soluble chemicals by being heated for 75 minutes. Within the ranges of the reaction parameters studied: amount of the catalyst (2.0-11.0 wt %), water-to-solid ratio (1:1-5:1) and temperature (518-573 K). Nominal reaction time was 75 min and particle size was 0.6 mm. The optimum ratio of water to solid was found 3:1. The yield of total acetone-solubles were about 50 % of dry and ashless tobacco stalk in the presence of 11 % catalyst of used sample.     

An Experimental Study of the Effects of Salt Solutions on Formation Damage in a Water Injection Operation in Petroleum Reservoirs

Abstract

Many laboratory studies show that numerous variables related to crude oil, reservoir rock, and salt water exists that affect production rates. Meanwhile, many observations have shown that the combination of salt-water properties and injection conditions has a prominent effect on the microscopic displacement of crude oil by injecting water. A crucial reduction of injectivity of wells may occur due to formation damage during the process of water injection in petroleum reservoirs. Therefore, study of the effect of different salts in the injected water on the level of permeability reduction of reservoir rock and formation damage and the corresponding reduction of oil production is critical. The authors investigated the effect of salts including NaCl, KCl, CaCl₂, and MgCl₂ on reduction of the permeability of formations in different temperatures, flow rates, and concentrations. Also, a comparison of the type of salt in the same conditions was performed. Moreover, different solutions were made by a combination of salts including NaCl, CaCl₂, and KCl and the solutions were compared based on the permeability reduction at the same concentration, temperature, and flow rates. At the end, of interesting suggestions were proposed regarding the composition and conditions of injected water to minimize formation damage and increases crude oil production.