加氢改质装置掺炼轻质糠醛抽出油制备粗白油的研究

为了实现低附加值轻质糠醛精制抽出油的增值，在实验室研究了加氢改质装置掺炼环烷基轻质馏分油的糠醛精制抽出油制备粗白油的技术可行性。研究结果表明，通过控制掺炼比，优化加氢装置操作条件，可以实现将轻质抽出油作为掺炼组分的条件下装置的稳定运行，并且可以制备出合格的粗白油产品。     

风城稠油中石油酸组成结构分析

由氢氧化钾-乙醇水溶液分离风城稠油中的石油酸,结合元素分析、红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(NMR)、电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)、紫外光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光色谱等方法分析其结构组成。结果表明:风城稠油所含石油酸主要是一元羧酸二聚体,平均相对分子质量为665,平均分子式为C43.51H78.47O3.78,氢碳原子比为1.80;各类酸分布范围较广,其中,环烷酸含量最高,占79.84%,脂肪酸次之,占20.16%;环烷酸中一环环烷酸、二环环烷酸、三环环烷酸、四环环烷酸/芳环羧酸、五环环烷酸/芳环并一环羧酸和六环环烷酸/芳环并二环羧酸的含量相当,均在11.00%~18.88%之间。此外,还检测到微量3~4环的芳香结构物质。     

Identification of petroleum acids in Liaohe super-heavy oil

In this study,petroleum acids were extracted from the super-heavy oil of Liaohe oilfield,North-east China,by using acetic acid,and their structural components and properties were investigated by using FT-IR and MS.Moreover,the trace metal contents in the super-heavy oil sample before and after acetic acid treatment were also measured in this work.The results showed that naphthenic acids were the main component of petroleum acids in Liaohe super-heavy oil,and the content of naphthenic acids with double rings was higher than that of other naphthenic acids.It can be concluded that petroleum acids in Liaohe super-heavy oil mainly consist of naphthenic acids,with a carbon number of around 11-69 and containing one to six naphthenic rings and/or one to two aromatic rings,and mainly exists in form of metal salts of petroleum acid.The molecular weight of petroleum acids is in the range of 190-1000.     

优质橡胶填充油生产技术

介绍了抚顺石油化工研究院(FRIPP)环烷基橡胶填充油和环保轮胎橡胶填充油生产技术;针对高硫、高氮、高芳烃、高凝点环烷基油为原料开发了"组合加氢生产环烷基特种油品技术",具有原料适应性强、工艺流程简单、投资少、生产产品附加值高、经济效益显著、生产过程和产品本身均清洁环保的特点;针对糠醛精制抽出油原料,开发了加氢处理-溶剂抽提组合工艺生产环保型橡胶填充油技术,在专用加氢催化剂的作用下,饱和大部分三环以上稠环芳烃,尽量保留与橡胶相容性好的三环以下芳烃及环烷烃,和目前国内抽提工艺相比,具有较高的目的产品收率。     

糠醛抽出油对SBS改性沥青性能的影响

采用荧光显微镜和沥青基本性能测试分析的方法,研究了糠醛抽出油对SBS改性沥青性能的影响。结果表明,糠醛抽出油的掺入能显著改善SBS在沥青中的分散性,使得SBS溶胀得更为充分,提高了改性沥青的抗老化性能和高温存储稳定性。随着糠醛抽出油掺量的增加,针入度逐渐升高,软化点和延度先升高后下降。     

超高酸原油中环烷酸类型及分布规律研究

通过对国内某原油进行实沸点切割和环烷酸分离,采用电位滴定仪、红外光谱仪及质谱仪等研究原油、馏分油中环烷酸分布及类型.研究结果表明:原油酸值为13.18 mg(KOH)/g,属于超高酸原油,其环烷酸主要集中为400～425℃,425～450℃和>450℃馏分,分别占原油总酸质量的4.68％,5.34％和54.44％;超高...     

A New Method for Determination of Naphthenic Acids in Crude Oil

The petroleum acids in crude oil were separated by extraction with column chromatogram and anion exchange resin. The separation effect and the related composition and structure of petroleum acids were obtained by using IR (Infra-Red) spectra techniques. The separated petroleum acids can under special conditions react with methanol to form corresponding esters, which can be analyzed by CI (chemical ionization)-MS (mass spectrometry). The characteristic ion peaks m/z (M 15)^ of naphthenic acid esterscombined with z-series formula CnH2n zO2 of naphthenic acids can be used to classify naphthenic acids into fatty acids, mono-cyclic, bi-cyclic, tri-cyclic, and higher polycyclic acids. The analytical results can give the molecular weight and the carbon number distribution of petroleum acids contained in crude oil. The results of study indicate that this method is simple, rapid and easy in operation.     

糠醛抽出油的综合利用

文章对润滑油基础油生产过程中的副产品——糠醛抽出油的性质进行分析,根据产品的性能开展综合利用的研究,阐述了利用糠醛抽出油经不同工艺处理可以用来生产环保型橡胶填充油和高芳烃橡胶操作油或用于原油蒸馏工艺的强化剂提高馏分油收率,作为道路沥青的调合组分使沥青低温延度大大提高,产品性能得到改善,掺到渣油中经溶剂脱沥青处理提高脱沥青油的收率并能改善脱油沥青的性质。     

炼油厂含盐废水中环烷酸的鉴定与分析

分别用快速化学定性法、GC-MS法、电喷雾(ESI)-MS法和FTIR法研究了加工高酸原油含盐废水及其处理过程废水中环烷酸的快速鉴定、来源、分子识别及含量。实验结果表明,利用在酸性和碱性条件下均产生沉淀的现象可快速鉴定炼油厂含盐废水中的环烷酸;GC-MS法可确定环烷酸主要来自含酸原油电脱盐过程,是影响含酸原油加工废水达标排放的主要组分;ESI-MS法能有效鉴定废水中环烷酸的类型及相对分子质量分布,某炼油厂含盐废水生化处理出水中检出碳数为5～41、相对分子质量为102～596、环数为0～6的环烷酸,其中C18环烷酸的含量最高;FTIR法测定某炼油厂气浮和生化处理后,环烷酸的总去除率为93.3%。     

CHARACTERIZATION AND POTENTIAL UTILIZATION OF WHITEROCKS (UTAH) TAR SAND BITUMEN

ABSTRACT

The native Whiterocks (Utah) tar sand bitumen was separated into several boiling range fractions for detailed analysis and characterization. The lighter fraction (477-617 K) was evaluated for use as a transportation fuel and the residues (>617 K and >728 K) were evaluated for use as road asphalts. The 617 K plus residue from the Whiterocks bitumen can be classified as a viscosity grade AC-10 asphalt whereas the 728 K plus residue failed to meet asphalt specifications. Apart from the asphalt specification tests, several sophisticated techniques were used to characterize these fractions. The detailed structure of the low molecular weight portions of Whiterocks bitumen (477-617 K and 617-728 K) was determined by combined GC-MS. Several physical properties were also measured to evaluate the potential of the 477-617 K fraction as a high density/energy aviation turbine fuel. This lower molecular weight fraction of the bitumen contained predominantly naphthenic hydrocarbons and lesser concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons. This was confirmed by the FTIR spectra and by the GC-MS analyses. As a result, the 477-617 K fraction appeared to be an excellent candidate as a feedstock for the production of high density, aviation turbine fuels following mild hydro treating. The heat of combustion, 135,500 BTU/gal., exceeded the specification for the high density/energy JP -11 aviation turbine fuel. The naphthenic hydrocarbons included alkylcyclohexanes, alkyldecalins, tricyclic terpanes, steranes, tetracyclic terpanes, and pentacyclic terpanes. The aromatic constituents were determined to be alkylbenzenes, benzomono-cycloparaffins, phenyl(cyclohexyl) alkanes, alkylnaphthalenes, benzodicycloparaffins, benzotricycloparaffins. alkylacenaphthenes, and naphthalene monocycloparaffins. These compounds were similar in nature to those found in the Green River shale oil.     

糠醛装置加热炉炉管腐蚀失效分析及措施

介绍了中国石油化工股份有限公司荆门分公司轻、重两套糠醛精制装置炉管的腐蚀失效问题。、通过抽出液加热炉炉管的运行状况、工艺条件、腐蚀形貌及腐蚀产物的分析发现：辐射室炉管及弯头的腐蚀泄漏主要是以糠酸腐蚀为主,由糠酸和环烷酸共同作用引起;由于炉管内介质流速和流态的影响,炉管弯头部位的腐蚀比炉管直管段严重。认为降低循环糠醛中的糠酸含量是防护加热炉炉管腐蚀的关键,并采取了一系列防腐措施：将炉管及弯头材质升级为304不锈钢;控制加热炉出口温度在（210±5）℃;新增一套溶剂回收系统;对储罐实施氮气密封保护等实施以上措施后糠醛精制装置又运行了2a。轻、重两套抽出液加热炉炉管没有发生一次腐蚀泄露情况,取得了良好的防腐效果。     

糠醛精制装置抽出液加热炉炉管腐蚀分析及对策

介绍了糠醛精制装置抽出液加热炉的工艺特点、炉管结构和腐蚀状况。抽出液加热炉炉管急弯弯头内表面蜂窝状坑蚀及冲刷腐蚀严重,靠近外径处已形成深度约1．5mm的沟槽,最严重处壁厚仅为5．0mm。分析炉管产生腐蚀原因为：装置脱气塔停用造成系统中糠醛氧化,产生大量糠酸及焦粉;减四线原料油的酸值相对较高（0．47mgKOH／g）是炉管产生腐蚀的原因和糠醛生成糠酸的诱因;抽出液加热炉辐射室炉管弯头因材质偏低,受到糠酸和环烷酸腐蚀、焦垢下缝隙腐蚀、焦粉的冲刷腐蚀等共同作用,使炉管弯头迅速减薄。针对以上腐蚀情况,采取了对装置脱气塔进行改造、系统中加注脱酸剂、炉管材质进行升级等防腐措施。     

环烷基轻质馏分油抽出油生产变压器油的工艺研究

以环烷基轻质馏分油的糠醛精制抽出油为原料,采用加氢处理-加氢补充精制-络合脱氮-白土精制的组合工艺,制备性能优异的变压器油抗析气性调合组分,其与传统工艺生产的变压器油基础油调合使用,可明显改善变压器油的析气性,并满足GB2536-2011通用变压器油和特殊变压器油的指标要求。     

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND COMPOSITIONAL ASPECTS OF BITUMEN BEARING CRUDES AND THEIR INSTRUMENTAL CHARACTERISATION

In India the production of bitumen is primarily based on middle-east crude oils which normally have a right balance of bitumen constituents (i.e. asphaltenes and maltenes). In general, bitumens obtained from such crude oil sources have a good balance of rheological and physico-chemical properties at both low and high temperatures.

Bitumen is a complex mixture consisting of compounds ranging from non-polar aliphatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons to highly polar aromatic molecules containing heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur; and, several attempts have been reported to fractionate and characterise bitumens into broadly defined compound groups. The separation method adopted in the present study is based on the polarity of the constituent compounds comprising the bitumen. The separated groups of compounds which progressively increase in their polarities are saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes. In the present study three important (middle-east) bitumen bearing short residues have been selected and their detailed physico-chemical as well elemental compositions have been reported. Each short residue has been characterised by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy methods and the information obtained from these analyses have been used to estimate several average structural parameters. Ultimate compositions have been determined for deducing the average molecular formulae.     

欧盟标准硬质沥青的研制与生产

以环烷基稠油为原料,采用常减压蒸馏深拔工艺开发符合欧盟标准的硬质沥青产品,研制的硬质沥青软化点高、黏度高、针入度比大、闪点高,使用性能优良,试生产的硬质沥青产品满足欧盟EN13924道路沥青质量要求。     

Extraction of aromatic from lube oil using a surfactant as an additive

Solvent extraction is a practical method for the reduction of lube oil aromatic content. Common solvents are phenol, furfural, and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP). The extractive power and the selectivity parameters can be increased by the addition of surfactants, which facilitates phase separation and consequently increases the refinery yield. The operatory extraction temperatures and surfactant concentrations ranged, respectively, from 333.15 to 343.15 K and from 0.01 to 0.1%wt. Optimal extraction conditions were systematically determined by measuring the temperatures and surfactant concentrations. The amounts of aromatic, paraffinic, and naphthenic compounds were compared to ASTM standards, namely refractive index (RI), viscosity, molecular weight, and sulfur content. The experimental results show that the best results were realized with 0.01%wt of surfactant and at 343.15 K.     

糠醛精制润滑油装置的腐蚀及防腐研究

在糠醛润滑油精制装置中，糠酸是主要腐蚀源。糠酸的产生是大气中的氧进入系统后使糠醛氧化所致。而环烷酸的存在可加速糠醛的经。文中除分析装置腐蚀的原因，指出氧进入系统的途径，水的存在和焦的产生对糠醛腐蚀的影响外，还提出了若干防腐措施。     

克拉玛依九区稠油生产润滑油基础油加工特性

克拉玛依油田九区稠油是典型的环烷原油,采用加氢酸、糠醛精制、加氢处理等精制工艺能生产出倾点低、粘度大、安定性好的ＬＶＩ润滑基础油。本文就环烷基润滑油馏分性质和各工艺对产品的加工特点进行论述,阐述环烷基原油加工润滑油基础油的工艺特性,对环烷基原油生产润滑油产品具有一定的指导意义。     

Low-temperature adhesion performance of polymer-modified Bitumen emulsion in chip seals using different SBR latexes

Due to increasing use of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex in the preparation of polymer-modified bitumen emulsions (PMBE) to improve bitumen-aggregate adhesion of chip seal surface treatments and lack of scientific data on the effect of SBR micro-structure on the performance of the resulting treatment at low temperatures, the Vialit test was conducted. The conventional tests showed that addition of SBR and X-SBR to PMBE reduces bituminous residue (BR) penetration and enhances its penetration index (PI) and softening point. Also, addition of linear SBR latex to bitumen results in an increase in BR ductility and recovery at low temperatures. Meanwhile, addition of the branched carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (X-SBR) latex reduces ductility of the corresponding BR. The effect of the performance of bitumen emulsions on aggregate bitumen adhesion in chip seals was investigated using Vialit test. It was found that an increase in SBR latex content in bitumen emulsion leads to an increased aggregate retention; this effect is more pronounced at low temperatures. Comparatively, the addition of X-SBR latex results in a lower bitumen-aggregate adhesion at low temperatures.     

阿尔巴克拉高酸原油的石油酸结构分析

以阿尔巴克拉原油为模型,对高酸原油中石油酸分子的结构进行了研究。对其进行实沸点蒸馏分析,表明间歇蒸馏过程中部分石油酸类化合物在受热过程中会发生脱羧反应,不利于分子结构特性的研究。借助高分辨质谱、红外光谱对常减压装置中馏分油的酸性氧化物进行了组成及结构分析,认为相对丰度均为:O2>O1>N1O2>N1O1>N2O1;各馏分油中O2类石油酸化合物分子的等价双键数(DBE)值范围在1~19,碳数范围在C10~C54;丰度较高的化合物分子碳数集中在C25~C30之间,DBE值为2~4附近;采用碱醇液萃取的方法对环烷酸进行了富集和红外光谱分析,推断原油及馏分油中存在的石油酸分子以环烷酸类为主,羧基连接在环烷酸的侧链上且侧链的碳数一般不超过5。