Microwave Demulsification in Removing Naphthenic Acids from Diesel Oil

Emulsification is an undesired phenomenon in the refining of highly acidic oil by alkali-washing electro-refining. In this article, a novel microwave method is applied for demulsification in the removing of naphthenic acid from diesel oil. The internal heating is attributed to molecular rotation and ionic conduction. The decrease of interface zeta-potential and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the demulsification with microwave irradiation. The results exhibited that the demulsification rate is maximized when the optimum microwave irradiation power, exposure time, and irradiation pressure for Anshan and Liaohe diesel oil are deemed to be 375 W, 5/6 min and 0.05 MPa, respectively.     

Use of Application Microwave Technology for Demulsification of Diesel Oil During Refining

Emulsification is an unwanted phenomenon in the refining of highly acidic oil by alkali washing electrorefining. In this work, a novel microwave demulsification method is applied in the removing of naphthenic acid. The internal heating is attributed to molecular rotation and ionic conduction. The decrease of Zeta-potential of interface and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the acceleration of separation of naphthenic acid and demulsification with microwave irradiation. The results show that both the separation efficiency and the demulsification rate are maximum when the optimum microwave irradiation power, exposure time, and irradiation pressure are deemed to be 375 W, 5 min, and 0.05 MPa, respectively.     

Removing Naphthenic Acids from Diesel Oil by Microwave Irradiation

Abstract

Microwave technology is introduced for removal of naphthenic acid from diesel oil. The decrease of Zeta-potential of interface and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the acceleration of separation of naphthenic acid with microwave irradiation. It was observed that the separation percentage changed with the dosage of alkali compound solvent, irradiation pressure, irradiation time, irradiation power, settling time, and oil phase-to-solvent phase volume ratio (O/S). The removal rate of naphthenic acid was maximum when the optimum conditions were suggested to be M _p /M _T = 1.5, 0.05 MPa, 6 min, 375 W, 25 min, and O/S = 10, respectively.     

Terminal Group Effects on Demulsification Using Dendrimers

Abstract

Dendrimers are proposed and tested as demulsification reagents for recovering raw oil from oil–water emulsion, a common form of today's raw oil directly from mining. This design was based on the nanocontainer feature of dendrimers, which should “contain” natural surfactants existing in raw oil. The experimental results indicate that the key structural requirement for a dendrimer as a highly efficient demulsification reagent is that the surface free energy of the dendrimers should be similar to that of water, which disables its potential as a surfactant.     

Effect of various sono-oxidation parameters on the desulfurization of diesel oil

The influences of ultrasonic intensity, H₂O₂ concentration, ratio of H₂O₂ to oil and the addition of Fenton reagent on the oxidative desulfurization of diesel oil under ultrasonic irradiation were investigated. It was observed that the oxidative desulfurization of diesel oil fitted pseudo-first-order kinetics under our experimental conditions. Increasing the ultrasonic intensity increased the oxidative desulfurization efficiency of diesel oil. The addition of H₂O₂ enhanced the ultrasonic oxidative desulfurization efficiency of diesel oil. The sono-oxidation treatment in combination with Fenton reagent showed a synergistic effect for diesel oil desulfurization. The catalytic oxidative desulfurization process under ultrasonic irradiation process on diesel oils is an efficient and promising method.     

Application of Microwave Technology for Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel

The microwave technology was introduced for the desulfurization of diesel fuel. The atmospheric second side-cut diesel fraction, which was supplied by Liaohe Petrochemical Company, was desulfurized by an oxidation process under microwave irradiation. Hydrogen peroxide (H202), can oxidize the sulfur compounds in diesel fuel selectively and convert them into sulfones. Based on the rule of dissolution by similar substances,these sulfones are removed from diesel fuel because they could be dissolved in solvent phase. So the sulfur content of diesel fuel is decreased. The influence of the concentration of oxidizing reagent, solvent phase to oil phase volume ratio (S/O), irradiation pressure, irradiation time, and the irradiation power have been investigated.The optimum conditions for the refining process was determined. The sulfur removal rate was 59.7% under the optimum conditions of 8%H2O2, S/O=0.25, 0.05MPa, 6 min, and 375W, respectively. When no microwave irradiation was applied, the removal rate was 11.5% only.     

Gemini Surfactant as a New “Green” Demulsifier for Treating Oilfield Emulsions

Abstract

Surface tension and interfacial tension (IFT) were the key factors asso- ciated with the stability of crude oil emulsion. Investigation of interfacial tension behavior related with the demulsification of crude oil emulsions can have a great impact on the development of crude oil demulsification processes and products. This article presents the surface and interface behaviors of Gemini surfactants (12-2-12, (12)-2-(12), (14)-2-(14)). The results indicated that (12)-2-(12) could exhibit higher surface and interface active properties. The demulsification efficiency and related factors were also discussed. It showed that as an environmentally friendly and safer demulsifier, Gemini surfactant could exhibit better demulsification efficiency.     

Oxidative Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel Using Ultrasound

Abstract

Catalytic oxizdation is a non-HDS technology to remove sulfur compounds from diesel fuel, and ultrasound irradiation was introduced to provide energy for this reaction. The effects of reaction temperature, time, and the ratio of oxidant and oil were investigated. The results show that under certain conditions, the optimal conditions were as follows: volume ratio of oxidant to oil was 1:10, reaction temperature was 50°C, and oxidation time was 10 min.     

原油微波破乳技术研究进展

微波作为一种清洁、高效的能源越来越得到人们的重视.微波对物质的内加热特性以及所产生的高频变化的电磁场,使其在破乳方面显示出了独特的优势.文中阐述了微波破乳的机理,原油微波破乳技术的发展及应用现状.     

Study on Separating Naphthenic Acids from Diesel Fuel by Microwave Irradiation

The microwave technology was introduced to separate naphthenic acids from diesel fuel. The decrease of zeta-potential of electric double layer on the W/O interface and the reduction of diesel fuel viscosity were responsible for the accelerated separation of naphthenic acids under microwave irradiation. The influences of dosage of alkali compound solvent (Mp / MT), irradiation pressure, irradiation time, irradiation power, the settling time and oil phase-to-solvent phase volume ratio (O/S) had been investigated. The optimum process conditions for the refining process were determined. The removal of naphthenic acids reached 98.4% when the optimum conditions were proposed as follows: Mp/MT=1 .5,0.05MPa, 6 min, 375W, 25min and O/S=10, respectively. The diesel recovery could reach 99.3% and the quality of the treated diesel oil was good enough to meet the specification of GB252-2000.     

Removing Naphthenic Acids from Diesel Oil by Microwave Irradiation

Microwave technology is introduced for removal of naphthenic acid from diesel oil. The decrease of Zeta-potential of interface and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the acceleration of separation of naphthenic acid with microwave irradiation. It was observed that the separation percentage changed with the dosage of alkali compound solvent, irradiation pressure, irradiation time, irradiation power, settling time, and oil phase-to-solvent phase volume ratio (O/S). The removal rate of naphthenic acid was maximum when the optimum conditions were suggested to be M_p/M_T = 1.5, 0.05 MPa, 6 min, 375 W, 25 min, and O/S = 10, respectively.     

APPLICATION OF PETROLEUM DEMULSIFICATION TECHNOLOGY TO SHALE OIL EMULSIONS

ABSTRACT

Demulsification, the process of emulsion separation, of water-in-oil shale oil emulsions produced by several methods was accomplished using commercial chemical demulsifiers which are used typically for petroleum demulsification. The shale oil emulsions were produced from Green River shale by one in situ and three different above-ground retorts, an in situ high pressure/ high temperature steam process, and by washing both re tort-produced and hydrotreated shale oils.     

Demulsification of Extra Heavy Crude Oil

Abstract

The demulsification of orimulsion, an extra heavy crude oil, was studied by a PDY-1 instrument of electric demulsification. Some commercial demulsifiers, including P, RN, and RB series demulsifiers, were tested; however, their dewatering efficiency was unsatisfactory. ZQ series demulsifiers were synthesized and applied. It is pointed out that the ZQX3 series demulsifier had satisfactory dewatering ability for extra heavy crude oil emulsion. In order to improve the dewatering efficiency, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was used as a chain extender to modify the ZQ series demulsifiers and an assistant—ammonium sulfate (t1)—was added. The results indicate that the dewatering efficiency of ZQ43 and a t1 mixture reaches excellent dewatering efficiency.     

A New Emulsifier Behavior of the Preparation for Micro-emulsified Diesel Oil

Abstract

Diesel oil emulsified with water can reduce diesel engine emissions, enhance fuel combustion efficiency, and save oil resources. However, the emulsions are not thermodynamically stable, which limits its commercial application. The micro-emulsion technique application improves stabilization of diesel-water system. The RW emulsifier was synthesized with oleic acid and amine, and methanol acts as co-emulsifier. The optimal composition of micro-emulsified diesel oil is 82% 0# diesel oil, 10% water, and 8% emulsifier and co-emulsifier, and the ratio of emulsifier and co-emulsifier is 5:1. The characterizations of the micro-emulsified diesel oil meet the commercial application. With the emulsifier dosage increasing, the stabilization of micro-emulsified diesel oil increased, and the co-emulsion enhanced the micro-emulsion stabilization.     

微波-磁性纳米Ni粉对稠油破乳效果的pH值响应性

通过瓶试法研究了不同pH值下有/无微波辐射时磁性纳米Ni粉对稠油水包油(O/W)型乳状液破乳效果的影响规律,在此基础上,结合油滴形貌和分布以及乳状液表观黏度揭示了微波-磁性纳米Ni粉破乳效果的pH值响应行为机理。结果表明：当pH值相同时,单纯磁性纳米Ni粉和微波-磁性纳米Ni粉作用下的乳状液的分水率都随着磁性纳米粒子浓度的增加先上升后下降;与此同时,磁性纳米Ni粉与微波具有协同破乳的作用,且随着pH值增大,微波与磁性纳米Ni粉的耦合作用先减弱后增强,在pH值为3时两者的耦合作用最强,该条件下乳状液的分水率在30 min时达到102.63%。     

改性超支化聚乙烯亚胺破乳剂的合成及其应用

以棕榈酰氯和超支化聚乙烯亚胺(HPEI)进行酰胺化反应,得到一系列改性超支化聚乙烯亚胺(HPEI-C16)破乳剂,考察了其添加量、破乳温度及沉降时间对柴油等油品破乳性能的影响,并探究破乳过程中油滴的破裂速率常数和平均粒径变化,分析其破乳机理.结果表明,HPEI-C16-2破乳剂在质量浓度为80 mg/L、沉降时间为30...     

超声波强化重质原油破乳脱水脱钙

 摘要：以含钙量高达180 μg/g的新疆重质原油为研究对象，在实验室条件下，采用超声波破乳技术进行重质原油脱水脱钙研究。在确定破乳剂K和脱钙剂R、注水量12%(体积分数)、脱钙剂/钙摩尔比1.5︰1的条件下，考察了超声波强化破乳脱水脱钙的影响因素。结果表明，油-剂混合时的搅拌速率、超声波发生器输出电压、超声波辐照时间和超声波辐照后的沉降时间都有其最佳值。实验样品经7000 r/min搅拌速率混合均匀，经60 V超声波辐照5min，再在80℃沉降24 h后，原油含水量降低至0.64%(体积分数)，脱钙率达到37.8%，说明超声波有较好的破乳脱水和脱钙作用。     

IGNITION DELAY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME TURKISH VEGETABLE OIL-DIESEL FUEL BLENDS

ABSTRACT

Vegetable oils have chances to be used in Diesel engines as alternative fuels contributing to the solution of some agricultural, environmental and economical problems. Direct use of them has some technical problem yet but as blended fuels with diesel fuel or esters they have places on the application area. In this paper the effect of the compression ratio on ignition delay is investigated in an ASTM-CER engine working with four different types of vegetable oil of Turkish origin (sunflower, corn, soybean, and olive oil) blended with grade No.2-D diesel fuel at a ratio of 20/80 (v/v) and the results are compared with baseline diesel fuel. Longer ignition delay periods have generally been obtained for blend fuels ranking from olive oil to sunflower oil as compared to diesel fuel.     

Deep Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel by Extraction with Task-Specific Ionic Liquids

Abstract

Extraction of S-compounds from diesel oil by task-specific ionic liquids has been investigated. The influences of different ionic liquids, extraction time, extraction temperature, different S-compounds, the amount, and the recycling of ionic liquid were studied. This process is capable of removing up to 56% of dibenzothiophene in model diesel oil under optimum extraction conditions. At the same time, this process was applied to the real predesulfurized diesel oils. The results indicate that such a process could be an alternative to common hydrodesulfurization for deep desulfurization.     

Coking Diesel by FS Non-hydrotreating Process

Abstract

The coking diesel oil was refined by Fu Shun (a shop sign of refining reagent) chemical refining reagent and FS0l (a shop sign of complexing-trapped reagent), which were developed by us. The results show that when the mass ratio of reagent to oil is 1:350, the existent gum removed rate was 42%, the oxidized total insolubles was from 8.7 reduced to 2.3 mg/100 mL, the content of mercaptan sulfur was from 97.5 to 0 μg.g^?1, and the yield of refined diesel was 99.65%. The storage stabilities of refined coking diesels were improved greatly and were still lower than 2.5 mg/100 mL after three months in storage. After the refined coking diesel was blended with straight-run diesel and fluid catalytic cracking diesel oil in proportion as 2:2:1, the chromaticity was decreased and all quality indexes met the national quality standards of #10 light diesel oil. After being stored for three months, the storage stability of blended diesel still met the criteria of the GB252-2000. This refining process is simple and low in investment and operation costs, a good approach for refineries without hydrogenation capacity to refine coking diesel oil.