Polyacrylates and Acrylate-α-olefin Copolymers: Synthesis,Characterization, Viscosity Studies,and Performance Evaluation in Lube Oil

Homopolymer of isodecyl acrylate and dodecyl acrylate and their copolymers with different compositions of 1-decene were synthesized and characterized. Viscosity measurements of synthesized polymers in toluene solution at 313 K were performed. Six different equations, viz. Huggins, Kraemer, Martin, and Schulz-Blaschke (graphic extrapolation method) and Solomon-Ciuta, Deb-Chatterjee, and Schulz-Blaschke (by a single point determination method) were used to calculate intrinsic viscosity and viscometric constants of the polymer solutions. Molecular weight of the synthesized polymers was determined by the Mark Houwink-Sukurda equation. The pour point and viscosity index of the polymers were evaluated in lube oils.     

Dodecylmethacrylate – olive oil copolymers as potential biodegradable pour point depressant for lubricating oil

The application of greener additives based on vegetable oils has attracted considerable interest due to their biocompatibility and enhanced additive performances compared to conventional additives. Keeping this view in mind and in continuation of our explorative studies on lube oil additives, copolymer of dodecylmethacrylate with olive oil have been synthesized in a focused mono-mode microwave oven using BZP (benzoyl peroxide) as radical initiator. Characterization of the prepared polymers has been performed by spectral (NMR, IR), and SEC-GPC analysis. Performance evaluation of the polymers as pour point depressant (PPD), and viscosity modifier (VM) / viscosity index improver (VII) in different base oils (mineral) have been performed by standard ASTM methods. Biodegradability of the prepared additives was tested against fungal pathogens and microorganisms by disc diffusion (DD) method and by soil burial test (SBT) method respectively. Thermal stability of each of them has been evaluated and included. The multifunctional performances have been compared and reported. The copolymers showed excellent PPD performance along with VM properties and potential biodegradability.     

Synthesis and performance evaluation of vegetable oil polymer as a multifunctional lube oil additive

Abstract

The development and utilization of vegetable oils for polymeric materials are currently in the spotlight of the polymer and chemical industry. In this work homopolymer of palm oil and copolymer of it’s with decyl acrylate was prepared and their characterisation was carried out by spectral method, thermogravimitric analysis and gel permeation chromatography method. Performance of these polymers was evaluated by standard ASTM method in base oil. Biodegradability test of polymers was also carried out and shows excellent positive results. A comparison of their performances has also been evaluated and reported.     

降凝剂的降凝性能与热稳定性能

利用凝点测试仪和热重仪对三种类型降凝剂的降凝性能和热稳定性能进行评述。     

CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MONO-, DI- AND TRIAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN GAS OIL

ABSTRACT

A simple procedure is described for separation of aromatic hydrocarbons into mono-, di- and trinuclear types in Iraqi gas oil. This is accomplished by elution through an alumina adsorption column under standardized conditions. Characterization is performed by UV-absorption and ratio matching method. The method can be used also for investigating aromatic hydrocarbon structures of other petroleum fractions.     

Solvent Free Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Poly Myristyl Acrylate—Characterization and Evaluation as Additives for Lubricating Oil

Homopolymer of myristyl acrylate was prepared by microwave assisted free radical polymerization method using BZP as initiator with variation of time at a fixed power without any solvent. Characterization of the polymers was done by IR, NMR, and viscometric analysis. Additive performances of each of them (pour point depressant [PPD] and viscosity modifier [VM]) for lubricating oil (lube oil) were also evaluated by standard ASTM methods. A comparison of their performances has also been reported. The molecular weights of the polymers were determined from viscosity measurements in toluene at 313 K and thermal stability was measured by thermogravimetric analysis.     

锦州原油降凝剂的研究

锦州原油为高蜡质原油,本研究针对该原油的特性,优选合成了多种羧酸酯共聚物型降凝剂LF一04,并对试验结果和影响加剂效果的因素进行了分析。锦州原油最佳热处理温度在50℃以上,最优加剂浓度为400mg／L,其原油凝点值由原来的21℃降至9℃,反常点降至40℃,比空白原油反常点降低了5℃。在原油温度25℃,剪速为16s-1下加入400mg／L的降凝剂LF－04,原油表观粘度由原来1150mPa·s降至339mPa·s,降粘率为70．5％。     

降凝剂乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳液的制备

采用适当溶剂溶解乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),在复合乳化剂存在下进行乳化制备水包油乳液,最后加入转向剂反转,得到固液高度稳定的EVA分散体系。较佳工艺条件为:复合乳化剂为m(OP)∶m(AOS)=1∶5,m(EVA)∶m(乳化剂)=2∶1;乳化温度80℃,搅拌转数700r/min,乳化时间30min,冷却后加入一定量转向剂,静置分层,分出水后制得EVA乳液。该乳液具有稳定性高、分散性好的优点,在梁南混油上使用,持续降凝幅度为11℃。     

一种新型原油降凝剂的研究

由乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯和乙烯醇聚醚组成的三元共聚物(WHP)是一种新型高分子表面活性剂型原油降凝剂.这种原油降凝剂既具有聚合物的特点,又有一定的表面活性,与某些常用的降凝剂,如EVA、聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯等相比,这种降凝剂无论对含高碳蜡(C₃₇-C₆₃)的吐哈原油和新疆混合原油,还是含一般蜡的江汉原油、鲁宁线原油和中洛线原油均表现出良好的降凝效果.例如,对吐哈原油在加药量为50mg/l时,一般原油降凝剂没有降凝效果,而WHP可以将原油凝固点从17℃降至10℃;而对新疆混合原油,当加药量为20mg/l时,WHP可以将原油凝固点从11℃降至-15℃而一般最好的降凝剂只能降至-8℃,即使对凝固点比较高的江汉原油,当加药量为100mg/l时,一般降凝剂只能将原油凝固点从34℃降至22℃,而WHP则可降至14℃.此外,WHP对鲁宁线原油还有一定的降粘效果,在加药量为40mg/l时,在30℃测定的降粘幅度为25.2%,而一般降凝剂最大的降粘幅度为14%.在室内模拟鲁宁线原油流动的情况下,原油加入WHP后依次经过多次慢速(80r/min)和快速(1500r/min)搅拌剪切后,原油凝固点回升幅度有较大的降低,且粘度的回升幅度也有所改善.     

原油降凝降粘剂在原油开采和集输中的应用

BEM系列降凝剂和 ORV系列油基降粘剂及 HEA系列水基降粘剂对原油具有较好的改性效果 ,分别适用于高凝原油和低粘稠油及高粘稠油的开采和集输。介绍了它们在原油开采和集输过程中的应用效果及取得的经济效益。     

甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯-马来酸酐共聚物的合成及其降凝性能

合成了用作降凝剂的甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯－马来酸酐共聚物,确定最佳合成条件为：甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯与马来酸酐的摩尔比2：1、引发剂加入量0．05％、反应温度80℃,反应时间8h。此条件下合成的产品加入量为400mg/L时,可使江汉原油凝固点从28℃降至14℃。     

潍北高凝点原油降凝降黏剂的研制

实验室自制的三元共聚物AMV-22与EVA复配,添加SLA-107作助剂,制备适用于胜利油田潍北区块高凝点原油的降凝剂AMVES.实验考察了该降凝剂对原油的降凝降黏效果.DSC热分析结果表明,AMVES加量为1000 mg/L时,可使原油凝点从48℃降低到37℃,析蜡点降低2℃.流变性曲线表明原油的剪切稀释作用随温度升...     

润滑油降凝剂的合成与应用效果研究

合成了润滑油降凝剂苯乙烯马来酸酐C12～C16混合脂肪醇酯,实验室使用效果评价表明：对环烷基油的降凝效果优于商品降凝剂T803C和T808B。与T803B复配后,对石蜡基油也有较好的降凝效果。     

锦州高含蜡原油降凝剂的筛选及现场应用

锦州原油高含蜡量高,凝点普遍在20℃以上,低温流动性差。为了保证冬季的安全输送,对实验室内开发研制的G5系列降凝剂进行了筛选,得到降凝效果最好的G51,并对影响其降凝效果因素进行了分析研究。实验结果表明,最佳加剂温度为60℃,合理的加剂浓度为400mg／L,可使原油的凝点由原来的22℃降至13℃,并且降凝剂具有良好的静态稳定性和配伍性,能保证管道的安全运行。     

α-甲基丙烯酸酯-马来酸酐二元共聚物对润滑油的降凝性能

 摘要: 以α-甲基丙烯酸和十四醇为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,对苯二酚为阻聚剂,甲苯为溶剂,采用直接酯化法制备α-甲基丙烯酸酯单体(AE);以AE和马来酸酐为单体,过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,通过自由基聚合制备了α-甲基丙烯酸酯-马来酸酐二元共聚物(AM),采用 1H NMR表征了AE及AM的结构。选择了4种不同来源的润滑油样品,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了它们的化学组成;考察了加AM前后润滑油样品的凝点分别降低和其他物理化学性质,并采用荧光显微镜观察了不同AM添加量的润滑油样品中蜡晶的形貌。结果表明,AM作为降凝剂可以使4种润滑油样品的凝点分别降低20, 23, 21 和29 ℃;润滑油的单环芳烃含量越高,其低温流动性改善越明显;加AM前后油样的凝点变化较明显,其它物理化学性质变化不明显。