异常高有机质沉积富集过程与元素地球化学特征

非常规油气甜点段形成与有机质沉积富集过程密切相关，特别是页岩油气，它们所赋存或与之紧密联系的细粒沉积岩中总有机碳含量（TOC）一般大于3.0%。提出TOC含量≥3.0%的细粒沉积（物）岩称为异常高有机质沉积，以及异常高有机质沉积富集的概念性假设，并指出高的初级生产力水平是其形成的前提和决定性因素，缺氧的水体环境更易形成大规模异常高有机质沉积。基于对有机质沉积聚集过程相关元素的生物地球化学循环特征解剖，以四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组为例，深入探讨高精度元素地球化学数据约束条件下的异常高有机质沉积富集过程，证实了异常高有机质沉积富集的概念性假设，并得出它们的形成是水体表层高的初级生产力及其与水体循环共同控制着的氧化还原条件这两大因素动态演化的结果。异常高有机质沉积富集过程的研究有助于深化对页岩油气甜点段形成机理的认识，是非常规油气沉积学的重要研究内容之一，可为非常规油气资源勘探开发提供重要理论支撑。     

HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL AND PALAEO‐DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF LACUSTRINE SOURCE ROCKS: MIDDLE JURASSIC SHIMENGOU FORMATION,NORTHERN QAIDAM BASIN,NW CHINA

The Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation in the Qaidam Basin, NW China, includes coals and lacustrine source rocks which locally reach oil shale quality (i.e. yielding >3.5 % oil on low‐temperature distillation). In the present study, the palaeo‐depositional environment and hydrocarbon potential of the 84.5 m thick Shale Member of the Shimengou Formation are investigated based on bulk geochemical parameters, organic petrographic data, biomarker analysis, and stable isotope geochemistry of 88 core samples. The Shale Member was deposited in an anoxic freshwater lake which formed following the drowning of a precursor low‐lying mire. Variations in bulk geochemical parameters allow four informal units to be identified, referred to (from the base up) as Units 1 to 4. These contain intervals of oil shale of varying thicknesses. In Unit 1, mudstones in the interval referred to as oil shale Layer 1 (true thickness [TD]: 2.06 m) are OM‐rich as a result of algal blooms and photic zone anoxia, and correspond to an initial flooding event. Subsequently, productivity of aquatic organisms decreased, resulting in the deposition of organic‐lean mudstones in Unit 2. Oil shale Layers 2 (TD: 2.03 m) and 3 (TD: 8.03 m) near the base of Unit 3 were deposited during maximum water depths. As with Layer 1, high productivity by algal blooms resulted in photic zone anoxia in a stratified water column. The shales in the upper part of Unit 3 are characterized by high TOC contents and a gradual increased input of terrigenous OM, and were deposited in a stable semi‐deep lake. Finally, organic‐lean mudstones in Unit 4 were deposited in shallow lacustrine conditions. The reconstruction of depositional environments in thick, non‐marine shale‐rich successions by mineralogical, petrographic and inorganic geochemical methods may be challenging as a result of the homogenous composition of component mudstones. The results of this study indicate, however, that sub‐division and basin‐wide correlation of such intervals can be achieved by organic geochemical analyses. Oil shales and organic‐rich mudstones in Units 1 and 3 of the Shimengou Formation Shale Member are excellent oil‐prone source‐rocks with a Source Potential Index of 3.2 t HC/m². Considering the large area covered by the Shimengou Formation in the northern Qaidam Basin (～34,000 km²), the results of this study highlight the regional significance for future petroleum exploration. They indicate that variations in organic productivity and dilution by minerals are key factors controlling the abundance and type of organic matter in the formation. An understanding of these factors will assist with the identification of exploration targets.     

四川盆地不同成熟度下志留统龙马溪组页岩有机孔特征

有机质孔隙是页岩气的主要储集空间,也是页岩天然渗流通道的重要组成部分。选取四川盆地不同热成熟度的下志留统龙马溪组页岩,采用场发射扫描电镜开展页岩不同显微组分有机质孔隙形成演化研究。笔石是龙马溪组页岩主要的结构有机质,含量较少,自身不发育有机质孔隙。成岩过程中由脂类原位聚合或外部地质聚合物交代使得笔石化石具有一定的生烃潜力,导致局部存在有机质孔隙。固体沥青是龙马溪组页岩最主要的显微组分,也是有机质孔隙发育的主要载体。考虑细粒沉积物成岩和有机质生烃演化,结合固体沥青赋存形态,可将固体沥青区分为前油沥青和后油沥青,且后油沥青含量占绝对优势。固体沥青有机质孔隙演化与热成熟度密切相关。总体上,随着热成熟度增加,固体沥青有机质孔隙越来越发育。成熟-高成熟早期(GR_o<2.3%),固体沥青孔隙不太发育,可能受到有机质生成的烃类物质掩盖。高成熟晚期-过成熟早期(2.3%4.5%),有机质炭化对页岩孔隙产生强烈破坏作用,导致页岩气勘探风险加剧。     

博兴洼陷下第三系沙四上亚段和沙三段岩性油藏形成机制

博兴洼陷下第三系岩性油藏的形成具有“复式排烃、排聚耦合和四元控藏”的总体特征,而其独特的烃源岩结构和地层压力系统决定了沙四上亚段和沙三段烃源岩在排烃方式、排烃机制以及岩性油藏成藏特点上的不同。沙四上亚段烃源岩有机质富集,地层压力较高,多为微裂缝排烃;其排烃效率高、范围大,油气顺层侧向运移至洼陷南斜坡鼻状构造的储层发育带聚集成藏。而沙三段烃源岩有机质较分散,地层压力低,多为差异突破压力排烃;其排烃效率低、范围小,只有在有效排烃体内的储集体才可能聚集成藏。断层排烃可以提高其排烃效率和成藏有效性,沙三段岩性油藏主要分布在洼陷中心附近。     

ORGANIC FACIES, DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND PETROLEUM GENERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LACUSTRINE SHAHEJIE FORMATION, ES4 MEMBER, WESTERN DEPRESSION, LIAOHE BASIN (NE CHINA)

Organic petrological and organic geochemical investigations have been carried out on Eocene lacustrine deposits from the Western Depression of the Liaohe Basin (NE China). The purpose was to conduct a systematic organofacies classification of these rocks, to determine their source rock potential and hydrocarbon characteristics, and to study depositional processes within this palaeo‐lake setting. Rock‐Eval data and molecular biomarkers indicate that samples analysed were immature in terms of thermal maturation. Three distinct organofacies have been identified within the ES₄ member of the Shahejie Formation. The depositional model envisages the formation of good to excellent oil‐prone source rocks in a shallow saline‐alkaline lake with a stratified water column; of source rocks with moderate source potential in a deep and freshwater lake; and of poor quality source rocks towards the lake margins. The shallow lake organofacies is characterised by high total organic carbon contents (up to 17.6%) and high Hydrogen Index values (up to 908 mg HC/g TOC). The laminated sediments contain elevated amounts of fluorescing amorphous organic matter (OM) and lamalginite. High primary production dominated by cyanobacteria together with anoxic bottom waters and a paucity of terrestrial vegetation in an arid climate resulted in the deposition of Type I OM. The presence of monoaromatic carotenoids, typically derived from photosynthetic purple and green sulphur bacteria Chromatiaceae and Chlorobiaceae, suggests a water body in which an anoxic photic zone occurred at least periodically. The source rocks deposited in this type of lake have the potential to generate high‐wax paraffinic petroleum at high subsurface temperatures (up to 159°C at a heating rate of 5.3° C/million years). The quality and quantity of the OM within the freshwater organofacies (Shale I, Shale II) were determined to be lower. Petrologic observations point to the absence of laminations and the presence of Botryococcus braunil telalginite. The abundance of lycopane and its aromatised abundance of lycopane and its aromatised diagenetic analogues confirmed the presence of this algal species. Generally low concentrations of gammacerane and high pristane/phytane ratios indicate a low salinity, hydrologically open environment in which oxic conditions generally prevailed, resulting in relatively poor preservation of OM. Sediments of poor source rock quality deposited in the marginal fan‐delta setting (the Shu‐Du area) can be distinguished visually by the presence of terrigenous particles (vitrinite, inertinite and terrigenous liptinites), and geochemically by the presence of phenols in the pyrolysates.     

SOURCE ROCK POTENTIAL OF EOCENE, PALEOCENE AND JURASSIC DEPOSITS IN THE SUBSURFACE OF THE POTWAR BASIN, NORTHERN PAKISTAN

The hydrocarbon source rock potential of five formations in the Potwar Basin of northern Pakistan – the Sakesar Formation (Eocene); the Patala, Lockhart and Dhak-Pass Formations (Paleocene); and the Datta Formation (Jurassic) – was investigated using Rock-Eval pyrolysis and total organic carbon (TOC) measurement. Samples were obtained from three producing wells referred to as A, B and C. In well A, the upper ca. 100 m of the Eocene Sakesar Formation contained abundant Type III gas-prone organic matter (OM) and the interval appeared to be within the hydrocarbon generation window. The underlying part of the Sakesar Formation contained mostly weathered and immature OM with little hydrocarbon potential. The Sakesar Formation passes down into the Paleocene Patala Formation. T_max was variable because of facies variations which were also reflected in variations in hydrogen index (HI), TOC and S2/S3 values. In well A, the middle portion of the Patala Formation had sufficient maturity (T_max 430 to 444°C) and organic richness to act as a minor source for gas. The underlying Lockhart Formation in general contained little OM, although basal sediments showed a major contribution of Type II/III OM and were sufficiently mature for hydrocarbon generation. In Well B, rocks in the upper 120 m of the Paleocene Patala Formation contained little OM. However, some Type II/III OM was present at the base of the formation, although these sediments were not sufficiently mature for oil generation. The Dhak Pass Formation was in general thermally immature and contained minor amounts of gas-prone OM. In Well C, the Jurassic Datta Formation contained oil-prone OM. T_max data indicated that the formation was marginally mature despite sample depths of > 5000 m. The lack of increase in T_max with depth was attributed to low heat flows during burial. However, burial to depths of more than 5000 m resulted in the generation of moderate quantities of oil from this formation.     

油气藏形成与分布:从连续到不连续——兼论油气藏概念及分类

根据对常规与非常规油气藏成藏特征的综合研究,探讨了油气藏的概念、分类及其形成和分布的基本规律。重新厘定的油气藏概念为:储层中连续的油气聚集,具有独立或统一的压力系统。按照油气藏的聚集方式或分布样式将其划分为连续型、准连续型和不连续型油气聚集,认为含油气盆地中油气藏的形成往往是一个由连续到不连续的过程,在此过程中形成了以上3种类型的油气聚集。1连续型聚集:形成于烃源岩内,典型代表为页岩油气藏和煤层气藏。其主要特点是:储层致密-超致密,渗透率在纳达西-毫达西之间;油气呈游离态、吸附态、溶解态等多相态形式存在;一个连续型聚集实际上仅由一个油气藏构成,其油气在有效烃源岩分布范围内广泛而连续分布,缺乏明确边界,不存在边水和底水;油气主要是原位或就近聚集成藏,无需经过显著运移;油气聚集基本不受圈闭控制。2准连续型聚集:主要形成于邻近烃源岩的致密储层中,大多数致密油气藏属于此类。其特点是:油气呈大面积准连续分布,一个准连续聚集由多个彼此相邻的中小型油气藏组成;油气聚集缺乏明确边界,边、底水无或仅局部分布,无区域性油气水倒置;油气为大面积弥漫式充注,初次运移直接成藏或短距离二次运移成藏;油气运移聚集主要为非浮力驱动,非达西流运移;油气聚集基本不受背斜圈闭控制,而主要受非背斜圈闭特别是岩性圈闭控制。3不连续型聚集:又称为常规圈闭型油气聚集,主要形成于常规储层中,少数致密油气藏、煤层气藏甚至页岩油气藏亦属此类。其特点是:油气藏呈孤立分散不连续分布;油气藏边界明确,通常具有完整边、底水;油气藏形成一般需要经过二次运移,浮力是油气运移成藏的主要动力;油气藏形成严格受包括构造圈闭在内的各种圈闭控制。在含油气盆地中,上述3种油气聚集可同时存在,且往往形成于一个共同的烃源灶,其相互之间存在着密切联系,并具有各自独特的分布规律。因此,在油气勘探中,应当将三者作为一个统一体进行通盘考虑和研究,从而最大限度地提高勘探成效。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段页岩油形成富集机理

页岩油是亟待开发利用的一种非常规油气资源。利用岩石地球化学和烃源岩地球化学的方法对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段页岩油形成的基本条件和富集机制进行了系统分析。长7段沉积了平均残余有机碳丰度达7.4%的特高丰度富有机质泥页岩,该套泥页岩中发育丰富的微纳米孔隙,为页岩油的富集创造了良好的条件。长7段页岩油富集的主要机制包括：①高有机物生产力和强还原水体令长7段沉积期的超富营养化湖盆中的有机质得以有效保存,形成高有机质丰度的泥页岩,为页岩油形成提供了物质基础;②长7段富有机质泥页岩生油能力强、转化效率高、排油强度大,为页岩油的规模形成提供了良好条件;③有机质吸附与孔隙容留双机制的页岩油赋存方式,为页岩油的富集提供了多种方式。     

井下气液分离及回注系统研究

气井水淹是制约天然气生产的主要问题之一,尤其是在浅层天然气气藏开采过程中,由于气藏能量不足而带来的矛盾更为突出。采用井下气液分离及回注技术,能在井下将天然气中的水分离出来,并直接回注地层。针对胜利油田地质情况,介绍了利用气井生产过程中天然气的自身能量,在井下实现气液分离,并采用螺杆泵增压,将分离液回注地层的工艺技术及工艺装备。     

奥里乳化原油的破乳脱水研究

根据委内瑞拉奥里乳化原油的特点和加工利用的需要在实验室用瓶试法筛选出四种比较有效的奥里乳化原油破乳剂,对其中两种性能较好的破乳剂考察了稀释剂及破乳温度对奥里乳化原油破乳脱水的影响,并分析了奥里乳化原油和普通油包水原油脱水的不同之处,讨论了奥里乳化原油自然破乳及不同操作条件对脱水的影响。研究表明,奥里乳化原油破乳时,如果处于静止状态,脱水将非常迅速,如果处于搅拌或者运动状态,脱水非常困难。     

保德区块煤层气勘探历程与启示

主要根据地质认识转变、技术发展、钻井数量、勘探成果与产气量,将保德区块煤层气勘探历程划分为4个阶段.对外合作勘探评价阶段,水平井型排采8+9#煤层,产水量大、排液降压困难;井组试采评价阶段,丛式井组合层排采4+5#煤层和8+9#煤层,排水采气效果显现;勘探开发一体化先导试验阶段,优选富集区井网面积降压试采,获得高产突破...     

PETROLEUM PROSPECTIVITY OF CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS IN THE GONGOLA BASIN,UPPER BENUE TROUGH,NIGERIA: AN ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL PERSPECTIVE ON A MIGRATED OIL CONTROVERSY

Organic geochemical studies of Cretaceous formations in the Gongola Basin, northern Nigeria, show TOC values that are generally higher than the minimum (0.5 wt %) required for hydrocarbon generation. Data from Rock‐Eval pyrolysis and biomarker studies indicate the presence of both terrestrial and marine derived Types II and III organic matter, which is immature in the Gombe Formation and of marginal maturity in the Yolde Formation. Immature Type III to IV OM is present in the Pindiga Formation; and Type III OM, with a maturity that corresponds to the conventional onset (or perhaps peak) of oil generation occurs in the Bima Formation. However, Bima Formation samples from the 4710 – 4770 ft (1435.6 – 1453.9 m) depth interval within well Nasara‐1 indicate Type I OM of perhaps lacustrine origin (H31R/H30 ratio generally ≤0.25). Although the Nasara‐1 well was reported to be dry, geochemical parameters (high TOCs, S₁, S₂ and Hls, low Tmax compared to adjacent samples, a bimodal S₂ peak on the Rock‐Eval pyrogram, a dominance of fluorinite macerals), together with generally low H3IR/H30 biomarker ratios within the 4710–4770 ft (1435.6–1453.9 m) interval, suggest the presence of migrated oil, perhaps sourced by lacustrine shales in the Albian Bima Formation located at as‐yet unpenetrated depths. The presence of the migrated oil in the Bima Formation and its possible lacustrine origin suggest that the petroleum system in the Gongola Basin is similar to that of the Termit, Doba and Doseo Basins of the Chad Republic, where economic oil reserves have been encountered.     

Study of the relationship between fractures and highly productive shale gas zones, Longmaxi Formation, Jiaoshiba area in eastern Sichuan

Shale fractures are an important factor controlling shale gas enrichment and high-productivity zones in the Longmaxi Formation, Jiaoshiba area in eastern Sichuan. Drilling results have, however, shown that the shale fracture density does not have a straightforward correlation with shale gas productivity. Based on logging data, drilling and seismic data, the relationship between shale fracture and shale gas accumulation is investigated by integrating the results of experiments and geophysical methods. The following conclusions have been drawn: (1) Tracer diffusion tests indicate that zones of fracture act as favorable channels for shale gas migration and high-angle fractures promote gas accumulation. (2) Based on the result of azimuthal anisotropy prediction, a fracture system with anisotropy strength values between 1 and 1.15 represents a moderate development of high-angle fractures, which is considered to be favorable for shale gas accumulation and high productivity, while fracture systems with anisotropy strength values larger than 1.15 indicate over-development of shale fracture, which may result in the destruction of the shale reservoir preservation conditions.     

塔河缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏渗流特征

根据塔河缝洞型油藏储层及生产动态特征和流动机理不同,把塔河缝洞型油田划分成5种类型的油藏。1)溶洞为主的低饱和缝洞型油藏,初期产能高、稳产期长、见水慢、有较长的无水采油期。这类油藏要注意地层压力的变化并及时注水补充能量。2)缝洞为主的低饱和缝洞型油藏,初期产能较高、稳产期较短、易见水、无水采油期短、水淹速度快。这类油藏要注意早期完井不要进行大型的酸压作业并减小生产压差、延长无水采油期。3)缝孔为主的低饱和缝洞型油藏,初期产能相对较低、稳产期较短、见水速度快。这类油藏要注意减小生产压差、减缓底水的锥进。4)具气顶的过饱和缝洞型油藏,初期具有较高的产能、见水速度慢、含水上升的梯度小。这类油藏要注意尽可能减小气顶气的采出、保持地层中气的驱动能量。5)稠油缝洞型油藏,初期具有较高的产能、含水率呈脉冲式、整体含水率上升趋势缓慢。这类油藏要注意地层压力及采油方式的研究。     

廊固凹陷古近系沙河街组古湖泊环境与有机质富集机制

通过对廊固凹陷古近系沙四—沙三下亚段泥岩样品的元素地球化学、有机地球化学和同位素地球化学分析,结合湖泊的发育演化和古气候变化特征,探讨湖泊演化过程中水体盐度、氧化还原条件和生产力变化及其有机质富集机制。廊固凹陷在湖泊形成期(沙四段)湖盆构造活动弱,气候干热,湖泊水体盐度高,易形成盐跃层,使底层水处于稳定的缺氧条件,表层水体古生产力较低,有机质富集程度低;在湖泊鼎盛阶段(沙三下亚段)盆地强烈下陷,气候暖湿,湖泊水体为淡水,底层水体为弱还原环境,由于地表径流带来大量营养物质,表层水古生产力较高。湖相沉积物中有机质的富集程度受古湖泊不同演化阶段生产力和氧化还原条件的控制。沙四段有机质富集主要受底层水缺氧环境控制,沙三下亚段有机质富集与表层水的高生产力密切相关。     

������������ʯ̿ϵ����ˮ��Ķ�̬��ʶ

龙门气田位于大天池构造带中段断下盘,其石炭系气藏探明储量183.99×108m3,气藏生产井6口,日产能151×104m3,年产能5×108m3。《龙门气田石炭系气藏初步开发方案》认为,气藏存在边水,且气水界面海拔－4420m。1997年12月7日气藏投入试采,动态资料表明6口气井彼此相互连通为同一压力系统。以构造鞍部相连的任市高点与龙门高点气区相互连通为同一压力系统。气藏存在两个独立水体,天东9井附近存在一个有限水体和气藏较大范围内的边水。气水同产的天东9井多次加大气量提水的生产管理方式在川东气田开发史上属于首例。位于构造北端的水井动态资料表明与气区可能不连通。生产动态表明气藏的气水界面比原气水界面低50m左右。试采对气藏水体的认识与气藏初步开发方案的结论有较大差异。文章结合气藏大量生产动态资料,对水体进行分析研究,为正在进行的气藏开发方案的编制提供依据。     

辽河西部凹陷页岩纹层结构及其储集空间意义

几乎所有的富有机质页岩均不同程度地包含了纹层结构，对应反映了不同的沉积相产物、页岩有机质丰度、生烃能力、储集空间及含气性等特点。按照陆相断陷盆地富有机质页岩的沉积特点并依据有机质分布的连续性差异，将辽河西部凹陷黑色页岩结构划分为连续型、断续型和分散型3种纹层结构。借助岩心观察、薄片分析、扫描电镜等手段，结合统计学研究，对辽河西部凹陷黑色页岩纹层结构进行了研究。沙四段黑色页岩主要形成于半咸水的半深湖相，发育了灰云质型弯曲状连续型纹层和黏土型平直状连续型纹层；沙三段黑色页岩主要为深湖-半深湖相长英质断续型纹层和分散状纹层。连续型碳酸盐混合纹层页岩既可以与化学作用有关，也可以与藻类勃发产生的生物化学作用有关，或者是二者的共同作用。富有机质黏土连续型页岩，主要为气候变化所形成的季节性纹层（生物作用）。断续型纹层通常由黏土纹层有韵律组合，粉砂、黏土则是以平流或层间流的方式季节性输入（机械作用）。页岩纹层形态在很大程度上决定了页岩的生烃能力和生烃特点，进而可能影响储集能力。连续型纹层结构（白云质泥岩）碳酸盐含量高，易发生溶蚀作用，有机质丰度高、生烃能力强，有机孔发育，有机孔-微缝储集空间系统造成含油气性好，且碳酸盐含量与含油气性正相关。断续纹层除发育各种无机孔外，还发育有机孔、沿层理裂缝和矿物解理裂缝，从而导致页岩储集空间发育，页岩含气性条件优越。分散型（块状泥岩）储集空间相对不发育，含气性条件较差。      

高压水射流深穿透射孔产能影响因素

高压水射流深穿透射孔技术是利用水力能量冲蚀地层,在地层中形成深度为1~3 m的大直径、清洁油气通道而达到增产增注的新型完井工艺。利用有限元数值模拟方法研究了钻井污染带存在情况下,射流射孔的孔径、孔深,地层污染带厚度、地层各向异性和布孔方式5个参数对射孔井产能的影响。研究结果表明,孔深是影响产能的主要因素之一,当射孔深度超过1.5 m时,产能比为常规射孔的2~3倍。但随着孔深的增大,垂向渗透率对产能的影响变大。污染带厚度对射孔产能的影响也较大,对比相同参数下的产能比结果,污染带对产能有约20%的影响。高压水射流射孔尤其适用于薄油层的射孔作业。     

淡水和咸水湖相泥质烃源岩不同赋存态有机质的地球化学特征

泥质烃源岩中的有机质存在多种赋存形式,其中与无机矿物结合形成有机—无机复合体是有机质保存的重要方式之一。为了对比研究泥质烃源岩中不同赋存态有机质的地球化学特征,选取东营凹陷沙三下亚段（淡水湖相）和沙四上亚段（咸水湖相）优质烃源岩为研究对象,采用“溶剂抽提—皂化—HCl酸解—HF/HCl酸解”的连续处理实验方法,依次得到烃源岩中的游离态有机质、黏土矿物层间吸附有机质、碳酸盐矿物结合有机质和黏土矿物表面化学吸附有机质。结果表明,烃源岩中的矿物结合态有机质约占可溶有机质总量的10%,矿物结合态有机质与游离态有机质表现出显著的地化特征差异:矿物结合态有机质以非烃、沥青质等极性组分为主要组成,饱和烃中轻烃比例较高;矿物结合态有机质可以补充保存具有生源指示意义的分子标志物,如指示Botryococcus braunii生源的两环倍半萜类分子标志物仅在碳酸盐矿物结合有机质中检出,指示古菌生源的角鲨烷仅在HF/HCl酸解有机质中检出;此外,矿物结合态有机质亦可对沉积环境的差异做出分子响应。因此,在对游离态有机质地化特征分析基础上,如能综合分析不同矿物结合态有机质的地化特征,可以获得更为全面的地质分析结果。      

水平井油藏内三维势分布及精确产能公式

过去常利用保角变换、等值渗流阻力以及Ｊｏｓｈｉ等人的方法研究水平井的产能公式。由于简化和回避了油藏中水平井的三维渗流本质,这些方法缺乏严格可信的理论基础。提出以三维渗流为前提的水平井产能评价研究方法,并给出它的一些应用。首先建立均质、各向异性油藏中线源水平井速度势方程,然后利用Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数方法分别导出水平无限大和底水驱油藏中水平井的三维势分布。在此基础上建立了一组新的水平井产能公式,这些公式的精度明显高于一些对三维流动简化后所得到的近似公式,后者往往低估了水平井的产能。此外,讨论了水平无限大油藏中势分布的某些重要特征,从理论上证实了水平井适应于垂向渗透性好的薄油层的开采。图１参１０（张望明摘