炼化特殊污水强化预处理技术工业试验

炼化特殊污水因水质非常差、处理困难,成为企业的环保难题.针对炼化特殊污水水质特性,设计了一套"隔油-浮选-电化学氧化-中和-过滤"的强化预处理工艺及中试装置,186 d现场运行结果表明:出水COD、石油类和悬浮物含量达标率均为100％,氨氮浓度达标率为97.8％,B/C(BOD5/COD)平均提升至0.334,水质满足...     

微/纳米气浮技术处理石化污水的试验

文中介绍了某炼油厂为应对《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》(GB31570-2015)排放标准,通过对预处理单元进行混凝—微/纳米气浮技术试验,对比原预处理工艺出水水质,考察微/纳米气浮技术在污水预处理应用效果情况.结果表明,在同样的混凝剂加注的情况下微/纳米气浮装置出水水质较原1气、2气浮出水水质较好,该技术可为污水处理...     

Kinetics of desulfurization by electrochemical oxidation in an emulsifying electrolyte

Diesel with S content 624.4 µg/g was directly used, and a constant current of 500 mA was proposed in this work. Emulsification as an enhancement method was used to enhance the interphase mass transfer. After emulsifying electrochemical oxidation–extraction, the sulfur content of diesel decreased to 8.1 µg/g and the desulfurization efficiency reached 98.71 %. On comparingwith the non-emulsifying electrochemical oxidation–extraction, it has a highly efficient deep desulfurization.

The analysis also found that the effect of emulsion and non-emulsion extraction desulfurization process on electrochemical oxidation has great difference under the same operating conditions, and parameters such as the order, reaction rate and activation energy of the two kinds of oxidation desulfurization reaction were studied. The results showed the oxidative desulfurization reaction is the first reaction. When the temperature reached T₂, the oxidation rate constant of the emulsion/non-emulsion system was 0.0199 min^?1 and 0.0179 min^?1, respectively. When the temperature reached T₁, the oxidation rate constant of the emulsion/non-emulsion system was 0.0375 min^?1 and 0.0346 min^?1, respectively. According to Arrhenius' law, the apparent activation energy of sulfur compounds in the raw oil is E_a (emulsion) = 6.9783 kJ/mol and E_a (non-emulsion) = 9.1826 kJ/mol, respectively.     

Bioremediation of petroleum sludge using effective microorganism (EM) technology

A study was designed for the bioremediation of waste sludge from a petroleum refinery applying effective microorganism (EM) technology. The treated sludge was found rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (N, P, K) and was mixed with clean soil (1:1) to prepare a product named as EM biofertilizer. The EM biofertilizer was compared with FYM. It was shown that the field using EM biofertilizer given 275 kg yield compare to the 230 kg yield obtained with farm yard manure (FYM). The quantity of heavy metals in onion using EM biofertlizer was all within the EU 2006 permissible limits.     

An alternative treatment process for upgrade of petroleum refinery wastewater using electrocoagulation

An electrocoagulation treatment process was developed for treatment and upgrade of petroleum refinery effluent （wastewater）, instead of the conventional methods, which can consume higher amounts of chemicals and produce larger amounts of sludge. The effect of the operation parameters, such as current density, initial pH, anode material, anode dissolution, energy consumption and electrolysis time, on treatment efficiency was investigated. The experimental results showed that the effluent can be effectively treated under optimal conditions. Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） analysis of the effluent, and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） coupled with energy dispersive analysis of X-rays （EDAX） of the sludge produced, revealed that the unwanted pollutants can be eliminated. The electrocoagulation treatment process was assessed by using the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total suspended solids （TSS）, and the general physicochemical characteristics of wastewater, and the results showed that the electrocoagulation is an efficient process for recycling of petroleum wastewater; it is faster and provides better quality of treated water than the conventional methods.     

Remediation of Oilfield Wastewater Produced From Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer Flooding by Using a Combination of Coagulation and Bioaugmentation

In this study, performance of a full-scale combined treatment plant for oilfield wastewater from alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding was investigated. The combined process consisted of chemical coagulation, hydrolysis/acidification, and bio-contact oxidation. The experimental results demonstrated that chemical coagulation treatment with polymeric ferric sulfate proved to be the most effective in removing the chemical oxygen demand (>80%) from the wastewater under the dosage of 600 mg/m³. The highest acidification efficiency in hydrolysis acidification tank was 25.8% at hydraulic retention time of 20 h. The average values of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, oil, and NH₃-N of the combined process could be reduced to 116, 19, 4, 11, and 20 mg/L, respectively. The final effluent could meet the class II national wastewater discharge standard of petrochemical industry of China.     

膜法处理炼化污水的研究

炼化污水是原油炼制、加工及油品水洗等过程中产生的一类废水,污染物的种类多、浓度高,对环境的危害大。本试验的目的是采用深度处理(膜法处理法)来处理公司各生产厂所排放的污水,作为回用锅炉补水和回用循环水。试验结果表明,废水通过本系统工艺的处理,COD、氨氮、石油类的去除率可达90%以上,而且后续的超滤装置能够有效地将悬浮物质量浓度降低到1mg/L以下,各项水质指标均能达到出水目标。     

MBR技术在炼油污水生化处理中的应用

为了提高炼厂污水生化处理能力,长庆石化公司采用膜生物反应器技术(MBR)与生化A/O(缺氧/好氧)工艺相结合,处理装置生产中产生的炼油废水。应用结果表明,在工艺控制平稳的情况下,采用膜生物反应器处理含油废水,加快加大了生物处理能力,能有效的降低炼油废水中各种污染物含量,达到污水处理后直接回用或进一步深度处理后回用,实现污水的资源化利用。     

内循环气液固三相流化床处理炼油污水工艺研究

采用自行设计开发的气升式内循环气液固三相流化床反应器,并结合固定化包埋技术,连续处理炼油工业污水。结果表明,在水力停留时间为9 h,固定化微生物颗粒填充率为5%的优化条件下,污水中化学需氧量(COD)及石油类化合物的平均去除率分别约为87%,95%。该反应器的COD容积负荷可高达2.56 kg/(m3.d),具有很强的抗水力负荷冲击和抗COD容积负荷冲击的能力。     

UBD菌降解炼油污水的石油类物质动力学研究

以典型条件下UBD菌降解上海石化炼油污水的实验数据为基础,并将生物处理法经典的Monod方程进行合理简化,得到了UBD菌降解石油类物质的动力学方程： ,其中 =0.25h-1, =37.06mg/L。由降解动力学参数可知,UBD菌对于炼油污水具有很强生物降解能力,炼油污水中的石油类物质相对于UBD菌已经不属于难降解的物质。     

Integrated Submerged Membrane Bioreactor Anaerobic/Aerobic (ISMBR-A/O) for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal During Oil Refinery Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from oil refinery wastewater using an integrated submerged membrane bioreactor anaerobic/aerobic (ISMBR-A/O) was investigated in this laboratory study. The objectives were to demonstrate suitability of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology to the treatment of refinery wastewater and its ability to achieve nitrogen and phosphorus removal effectively. IMBR-A/O comprised four reactor tanks: an influent tank, anaerobic tank, aerobic tank, and effluent tank. The IMBR-A/O was operated in cycles of four phases: fill, anaerobic, aerobic, and draw. During the fill phase, the influent tank was half-filled with oil refinery wastewater. During the subsequent anaerobic phase, most of the phosphorus release took place from the submerged biofilm in this reactor. In the aerobic phase, the wastewater was circulated by pumps between the influent tank and the anaerobic tank, resulting in denitrification at the start of the aerobic phase due to low oxygen concentrations, followed by nitrification and luxury uptake of phosphorus when oxygen concentrations increased. Ultimately, the treated water flowed from the effluent tank. The results show that the chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), oil, NH⁺ ₄-N, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies were 91, 90, 91, 99, 80, and 66%, respectively.     

炼化含盐污水处理技术进展

针对炼化企业含盐废水的来源及水质特性，提出适合炼化企业含盐废水的处理工艺：曝气生物滤池工艺（BAF）、A／O生化法、双膜及其他工艺，分析了高盐类废水对生物处理技术的影响。     

The Bioremediation of Refinery Wastewater Using Inorganic Fertilizer

Abstract

This study investigated the treatment of refinery wastewater using inorganic fertilizer. The biological method of treatment using the process of bioremediation was used. Inorganic fertilizer (NPK 15:15:15) was used to biostimulate the microorganisms present in the wastewater. Five samples of the refinery wastewater with equal pollution load were treated with different amounts of fertilizer (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/l). Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and total hydrocarbon content (THC) of the wastewater were monitored for a period of 35 days. From the results obtained, the BOD was observed to have dropped from 68.71 to 30.23 m/l; 68.71 to 23.92 mg/l; 68.71 to 22.11 mg/l and then 68.71 to 21.86 mg/l for the 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/l of the refinery samples, respectively. Similar decreases were also observed for the other physiochemical parameters, except for the pH and DO, which increased with time. It was observed that the 40 g/l sample was more effective in the 35 days of the study and these results met the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) standard for BOD, which is within the range of 30–35 mg/l. Hence, the method of bioremediation using fertilizer in the treatment of refinery wastewater can be applied on a large scale treatment.     

Direct-contact Condensation of Hydrocarbon Mixtures in a Structured Packing Bed

This article deals with experimental research of the direct-contact condensation in column with structured packing. Lots of experiments have been performed in a column of 257 mm inner diameter with Topic 125 Y structured packing using hydrocarbon mixtures. The influences of the vapor and liquid flow rate as well as liquid temperature at vacuum pressure have been investigated. A new empirical correlation was developed to predict the heat transfer coefficient for structured packings, which can be applied to both design and simulation of distillation columns in petroleum refinery.     

Deep desulfurization of gasoline by electrochemical oxidation–distillation

An electrochemical oxidation?distillation method with constant current 500 mA was proposed to reduce the sulfur content in gasoline in this work. After electrochemical oxidation?distillation, the sulfur content of gasoline decreased from 514.65 to 10.20 μg/g. On the basis of these experimental results, an oxidation mechanism of electrochemical oxidative desulfurization for gasoline was proposed.     

炼油厂“三泥”离心机脱水的工业试验

介绍了炼油厂“三泥”离心机脱水工业试验的工艺流程及试验结果，分析了影响离心机脱水效果的主要因素。该试验筛选出了效果良好的药剂配方，实现了离心机国产化，为离心机脱水技术在炼油厂“三泥”脱水中的推广应用提供了经验。     

环保型低磷循环水处理技术及其应用

针对新水和回用水水质特点及炼油装置循环水系统工况条件,开发了环保型低磷循环水处理技术。在炼油装置循环水系统进行了3个月的工业试验,碳钢监测试管的平均腐蚀速率为0.032 1 mm/a,平均黏附速率为4.1875 mg/(cm².月)（1月以30 d计）,循环水处理效果良好;回用水占比提升至77.23%,循环水外排总磷质量浓度降幅为70%,具有较好的经济效益和显著的社会效益。     

液化石油气脱硫醇有机废气减排技术

目的炼化企业广泛采用液-液催化氧化脱硫醇工艺脱除液化石油气(LPG)等轻质油品中的硫醇,该过程产生有机废气并带恶臭气味,是VOCs治理难题之一,为从源头上解决该问题,开发了1种脱硫醇有机废气减排技术。 方法基于对LPG脱硫醇过程反应规律的认识,对废气形成特点和影响氧耗因素进行分析,由此确定通过气体内循环技术,以氧气替代工厂风,增加原料预处理进行流程整合,并进行工业应用。 结果该技术在某炼化企业实施后,循环气中氧气和烃类组分的平均体积分数分别为9.7%和21.7%,注氧的氧气体积分数不小于90.0%,有机废气排放量由原来的97.6 m³/h减为0.0 m³/h,取得了良好的应用效果,实现了脱硫醇有机废气零排。 结论脱硫醇有机废气减排技术可以将其有机废气排放量减至0,从源头上实现VOCs治理,满足日益严格的环保要求和炼化企业清洁生产、减排要求。      

Treatment of Phenol Wastewater Using High Gravity Electrochemical Reactor with Multi-concentric Cylindrical Electrodes

A novel high gravity electrochemical reactor with multi-concentric cylindrical electrodes was used in the electrochemical treatment of 5 000 mg/L phenol-containing wastewater at a petrochemical plant, which can operate continuously and process in a large scale. The results show that the high gravity technology used in electrochemical treatment of phenol-containing wastewater can shorten the electrolysis time, decrease the electrolysis voltage, and reduce the energy consumption. The COD removal efficiency was high in the high-gravity field, and reached up to about 48%, which was about 2 times the value achieved in the normal gravity field at a processing capacity of 6 L, a high gravity factor of 80, a voltage of 12 V, an electrolysis time of 40 min, and a wastewater flowrate of 80 L/h.     

An improved gravimetric method applied to co-processing of polyethylene terephtalate and petroleum blend using HY zeolite as a catalyst

The co-processing of petroleum and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was carried out in the presence and absence of a catalyst in an open vessel batch reactor at temperatures of 200, 300, 400, and 500 °C, which corresponds to temperatures of distillation and cracking. The catalyst used was the acidic HY zeolite, which is widely used in petroleum refining. The catalytic co-processing was carried out with the PET–oil charge, at a mass ratio of 1:1, containing 10% of HY zeolite. The conversion degree was measured by knowing the initial sample mass and amount of degraded material for each temperature and reaction time, using an improved gravimetric method consisting of a precision balance and an oven with a heating rate controller. The conversion values obtained were compared for petroleum and PET samples with and without the zeolite catalyst. At temperatures of 200 and 300 °C, the PET showed low conversions, about 5–10%. However, for the catalytic co-processing of PET–oil/HY at these same temperatures, an increase in conversion to about 25–30% was observed. At temperatures of 400 and 500 °C, conversions above 90% were obtained for the two samples, with a subsequent reduction in the activation energy, from 76 kJ mol^?1 (PET) to 56 kJ mol^?1 (PET–oil/HY). The decrease in the activation energy proved the efficiency of the HY zeolite and the synergistic effect when PET was blended to the oil for the catalytic co-processing, proving to be a viable alternative for the chemical recycling of PET in the petroleum industry.