羟化含氟嵌段共聚物的合成

用α-溴代丙酸乙酯(EPN-B)/氯化亚铜(CuCl)/联二吡啶(bpy)作为ATRP催化引发体系,环己酮为溶剂,进行甲基丙烯酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯(TFEMA)的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),得到单分散PTFEMA-X预聚体。并以此预聚体为大分子引发剂引发甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯聚合,得到分子质量可控、分子质量分布窄的聚甲基丙烯酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯嵌段共聚物,用FTTR、~1H-NMR、GPC等对产物的结构与性能进行了表征。     

羟化含氟嵌段共聚物的合成及其自组装行为研究

用α-溴代丙酸乙酯（EPN—B）／氯化亚铜（CuCl）／联二吡啶（bpy）作为催化引发体系,环己酮为溶剂,进行甲基丙烯酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯（TFEMA）的原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）,得到单分散PTFEMA—X预聚体。并以此预聚体为大分子引发剂引发甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯聚合,得到分子质量可控、分子质量分布窄的聚甲基丙烯酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯嵌段共聚物,用FTIR、^1H—NMR、GPC等对产物的结构与性能进行了表征。同时利用动态激光光散射（DLS）对嵌段共聚物的自组装行为进行了研究。     

甲基丙烯酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯的ATRP乳液聚合

采用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)乳液聚合,合成了结构明确且相对分子质量分布窄的聚甲基丙烯酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯。催化剂、引发剂、乳化剂等都影响ATRP乳液聚合,使用非离子型乳化剂油醇聚氧乙烯醚所得乳液稳定,只有少量凝胶出现,所得聚合物相对分子质量实际值与理论值较为一致。随着乳化剂、催化剂、引发剂用量的增加,相对分子质量增大,聚合反应速率逐渐加快。ATRP乳液聚合可得到相对分子质量分布为1.44,乳胶粒粒径为105.0 nm,粒径分布为0.211,凝胶质量分数为15%,可稳定贮存三个月的聚甲基丙烯酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯乳液。     

PS-PMMA-PBMA三嵌段聚合物的ATRP合成及表征

以氯化亚铜(CuCl)/2,2’-联吡啶(bpy)为催化体系,苄基氯为引发剂,采用本体原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法,引发苯乙烯(St)聚合,合成出大分子引发剂聚苯乙烯(PS-Cl)。用此大分子引发剂在溶液体系下引发第二单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)聚合,合成出PS-PMMA-Cl二嵌段聚合物。再以此二嵌段聚合物为大分子引发剂引发甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)聚合,合成出三嵌段聚合物PS-PMMA-PBMA。运用凝胶色谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及差示扫描量热技术等对三嵌段聚合物进行表征。     

RITP合成含氟两亲性嵌段共聚物PTFEMA-b-HEMA及其表征

使用可逆碘转移聚合(RITP)的方法,以I2作为链转移剂,合成了第一段为甲基丙烯酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯(TFEMA),第二段为甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)的两亲性嵌段共聚物TFEMA-b-HEMA,并对聚合物进行了FT-IR、1H NMR、GPC的表征。结果表明成功合成嵌段共聚物,并且分子量分散系数在1.4~1.6之间,达到活性聚合的效果。     

AA—TFEMA—AC无皂含氟乳液共聚反应动力学的研究

采用无皂乳液聚合制备得到甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯/丙烯酸/氯丙烯(TFEMA/AA/AC)含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物.考察了单体比例、引发剂、单体浓度、反应温度对亲水性单体AA、疏水性单体TFEMA和AC的无皂乳液共聚反应速率的影响,得到了相应的聚合速率方程:Rp=Kp[M]0.48[I]0.54,聚合反应表观活化能Ea=91.742 kJ/mol,由聚合速率方程可知引发剂用量对该体系的影响效果采用摄像显微技术对该共聚物的乳液形貌进行观察,结果表明:制备的含氟乳液的乳胶粒呈圆形,粒径分布窄.     

TFEMA在超临界CO_2中的聚合

以超临界CO2为反应介质进行了甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(TFEMA)的聚合,研究了单体浓度、引发剂用量、反应温度对聚合的影响,并且以甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(MBFA-12)为共聚单体与TFEMA共聚合,研究了聚合物的结构与聚合物膜的表面性能。结果表明:单体浓度、引发剂用量及反应温度都是影响TFEMA均聚合的因素;引入MBFA-12共聚单体可以改善聚合物在超临界CO2中的溶解性,从而可使聚合物的数均分子量由22 316增加到39 985,相对分子质量分布由1.93降至1.49,同时使共聚物的玻璃化转变温度在一定程度上降低;共聚物膜的表面性能随着共聚物中MBFA-12含量的增加而提高。     

无皂乳液聚合制备AANa-VAc-TFEMA纳米含氟乳液

以丙烯酸钠(AANa)、乙酸乙烯酯(VAc)和甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(TFEMA)为单体进行无皂乳液聚合,合成了P(AANa-VAc-TFEMA)纳米含氟乳液,考察了反应温度、引发剂用量、单体配比对聚合的影响,并着重对聚合物乳液的粒径进行了研究。结果表明:该聚合单体的转化率可达到97.00%以上,聚合得到的无皂乳液稳定性好、粒径分布均匀。通过控制单体配比中AANa的含量及VAc与TFEMA的比例,可以得到纳米含氟乳液。     

ATRP法合成大分子单体及其在微球制备中的应用

以α-溴代丙酸乙酯(EPN-Br)为引发剂,氯化亚铜(CuCl)与N,N,N′,N″,N″-五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PMDETA)组成的混合体系为催化剂,使甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯(tBMA)进行原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),得到了端基为溴原子的聚甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯大分子中间体PtBMA-Br。使其末端的Br与甲基丙烯酸发生亲核取代反应,得到甲基丙烯酸封端的大分子单体。FTIR和1H-NMR的分析表明大分子单体结构明确,双键导入率高;再用该大分子单体与苯乙烯分散共聚制得形态规整的高分子微球。     

AGET-ATRP制备三元含氟丙烯酸酯乳液及表征

用电子活化再生原子转移自由基聚合(AGET ATRP)方法,在乳液体系下合成了设定化学结构的甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-丙烯酸丁酯(BA)-甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(TFEMA)的三元共聚物;并通过GPC、FTIR及1H-NMR谱表征了共聚物相对分子质量和结构组成;系统研究了聚合条件对含氟丙烯酸酯共聚合物产率的影响.结果表明:含氟丙烯酸酯可以用AGET ATRP体系实现乳液体系的聚合;目标产物符合AGET ATRP的反应机理,所合成的聚合物分子结构可控且相对分子质量分布较窄(PDI=1.42).     

原子转移自由基聚合体系中催化剂的脱除

采用甲苯为溶剂,酸性三氧化二铝为吸附剂脱除原子转移自由基聚合体系中的含铜催化剂,ICP AES表征铜的含量可降至10-6级。研究了两种催化剂CuCl/bpy和CuCl/dNbpy对苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸丁酯的原子转移自由基本体和乳液聚合的催化及脱除, 结果表明:虽然CuCl/dNbpy对聚合反应具有较好的催化活性,但由于与聚合物具有较好的相溶性,使得催化剂较难从体系中脱除,脱除效果次于 CuCl/bpy。而乳液聚合,由于体系的复杂性,使其在吸附剂脱除之后聚合物中的铜含量高于本体聚合。     

One-pot synthesis of poly(methacrylic acid)-b-poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers via RAFT polymerization

In this work, the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was utilized to synthesize the amphiphilic diblock copolymers of poly(methacrylic acid)-b-poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PMAA-b-PTFEMA) via one-pot two-step reaction protocol. The controlled radical polymerization of MAA monomer was first carried out in pure water by using 4-cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate (CADB) as chain transfer agent. Subsequently, the as-synthesized PMAA homopolymers with dithiobenzoate end-groups were employed as macro-CTA and chain-extended in situ with the hydrophobic TFEMA monomer. The reactions were carried out in 1,4-dioxane/water medium. Both the polymerization of PMAA and PTFEMA blocks showed the well controllability on the molecular weighs and distributions. It was found that the amphiphilic diblock copolymers formed the stable spherical particles via the polymerization-induced self-assembly. Meanwhile, the effect of various parameters, such as the concentration ratio of TFEMA monomer over PMAA macro-CTA, the solvent condition (different ratio of 1,4-dixane/water), and the pH, on the RAFT polymerization of TFEMA monomer were investigated in detail. Their kinetic results suggested that the propagation of TFEMA monomer on the macro-CTA was performed at the particle/water interfaces. The concentration of chain transfer agents at the interfaces determined the polymerization rate. Finally, the stability of the fluorinated polymer dispersions was also evaluated in this work.     

负离子溶液聚合法高苯乙烯橡胶的合成及其性能

以环己烷为溶剂、苯乙烯和丁二烯为单体、n-BuLi为引发剂、二乙二醇二甲醚(2 G)为结构调节剂,通过活性负离子溶液聚合合成了高苯乙烯橡胶,研究了引发剂种类、聚合温度、2 G/n-BuLi(摩尔比)、苯乙烯/丁二烯(质量比)、相对分子质量及其分布对共聚橡胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,当苯乙烯/丁二烯为60/40、2 G/n-BuLi为1.0时,在(65±2)℃下可聚合得到力学性能较好的高苯乙烯橡胶,其数均分子量为15×104~20×104、分子量分布为1.40左右。     

Preparation of amphiphilic PS-b-PMAA diblock copolymer by means of atom transfer radical polymerization

Amphiphilic diblock copolymers of polystyrene-b-poly(methacrylic acid) were synthesized by means of atom transfer radical polymerization. First, the polystyrene with a bromine atom at the chain end (PS-Br) was prepared using styrene as the monomer, 1-bromoethyl benzene as the initiator, and CuCl/2,2′-bipyridyl (bpy) as the catalyst ([1-bromoethyl benzene]/[CuCl]/[bpy] = 1:1:3). The polymerization was well controlled. Second, the diblock copolymer of polystyrene-b-poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) was synthesized also by atom transfer radical polymerization using PS-Br as the macro-initiator, CuCl/bpy as the catalyst, and tert-butyl methacrylate (tBMA) as the monomer. Finally, the amphiphilic diblock copolymer, PS-b-PMAA, was obtained by hydrolysis of PS-b-PtBMA under the acid condition. The molecular weight and the structure of aforementioned copolymers were characterized with gel permeation chromatography, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2381–2386, 2001     

Synthesis and Surface-Active Behavior of New Fluorinated Hyperbranched Polymer

In this article, a series of novel hyperbranched fluorinated polymer with polyglycerol (PG) as the hydrophilic core and poly(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA) as solvophobic arms were synthesized. When the atom transfer radical polymerization was carried out using N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent, [M]/[I] ratio of 200, and [CuBr]/[N_Br] ratio of 0.1 at 30 °C, controlled polymerization was achieved. The surface active properties of the polymer at the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/air and chloroform/water interface were studied by pendant drop measurements. The results showed that the copolymers could reduce surface tension (interfacial tension) in a manner analogous to the conventional surfactant in aqueous solutions. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the solvophobic PTFEMA chains play an important role in determining the driving force of the aggregate formation in DMSO.     

二乙二醇单乙醚基钡/三异丁基铝/多锂体系合成高反式-1,4-聚丁二烯

以二乙二醇单乙醚基钡(简称Ba)/三异丁基铝(简称Al)/多锂(简称MLi)组成的三元引发体系制得了高反式-1,4-聚丁二烯(HTPB),考察了引发体系各组分配比及聚合温度对HTPB反式结构含量及其玻璃化转变温度(T_g)和熔点(T_m)的影响.结果表明,以MLi为引发剂,四甲基乙二胺为极性调节剂,可以得到最大臂数为3.64、平均臂数约为2.50的星形聚丁二烯;当聚合温度为50 ℃、Ba/Al/MLi(摩尔比)为1/4/4时,HTPB的反式结构摩尔分数最高,接近90%;升高聚合温度使聚丁二烯的反式结构摩尔分数下降;当HTPB的反式结构摩尔分数由69.28%增至89.90%时,其T_g上升5～10 ℃,而T_m升高幅度可达30 ℃;随着聚合温度的升高,HTPB的T_g和T_m均下降.     

Uniform star‐polystyrene nanoparticles prepared by emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization

Pentaerythritol (PT) was converted into four‐arm initiator pentaerythritol tetrakis(2‐chloropropionyl) (PT‐Cl) via reaction with 2‐chloropropionyl chloride. Uniform (monodisperse) star‐polystyrene nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene, using PT‐Cl/CuCl/bpy (bpy is 2,2′‐dipyridyl) as the initiating system. The structures of PT‐Cl and polymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The morphology, size and size distribution of the star‐polystyrene nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. It was found that the average diameters of star‐polystyrene nanoparticles were smaller than 100 nm (30–90 nm) and monodisperse; moreover, the particle size could be controlled by the monomer/initiator ratio and the surfactant concentration. The average hydrodynamic diameter (D_h) of the nanoparticles increased gradually on increasing the ratio of styrene to PT‐Cl and decreased on enhancing the surfactant concentration or increasing the catalyst concentration. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

正反向同时引发ATRP制备凹凸棒土/聚苯乙烯杂化粒子

通过脱醇法在凹凸棒土（ATP）表面接枝γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）实现氨基化（ATP-APTES）,再经酰胺化反应接枝α-溴代异丁酰溴,从而在ATP表面固载ATRP引发基团（ATP-Br）;最后以2,2-偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）和ATP-Br为双组分引发体系进行正反向同时引发原子转移自由基聚合（SR&NI ATRP）制备ATP接枝聚苯乙烯杂化粒子（ATP@PS）。结果表明AIBN结合ATP-Br引发体系进行SR&NI ATRP具有活性/可控聚合的特征,随催化剂用量增大,体系过早偏离一级动力学行为。聚合温度在80℃,投料比为单体/催化剂/AIBN/ATP-Br=200/0.3/0.05/0.5的条件下,接枝聚合物和游离聚合物分子量差异随转化率（c）增大逐渐增加,转化率为31.1%时,两者分子量分布（PDI）均保持在1.54以下,ATP-Br表面ATRP引发基团的引发效率为6.3%。杂化粒子在PS基体中分散得到明显改善。