Zusammenhänge zwischen Fettoxidation und Antioxidantienzulagen im Mischfutter

Relations Between Fat Oxidation and Antioxidative Additives in Mixed Feeding Stuff Storage experiments with various mixtures of feeding stuffs were carried out. The influence of single factors on fat stability in test mixtures should be tested. The type of fat (refined soya bean oil, free fatty acids from soya bean oil raffination) fat content (3, 6, 9%), antioxidants (BHA, TBHQ), amount of anti oxidants (0 - 50 - 100 - 150 mg/kg feeding stuff), storage temperature (4, 14, 24°C) and storage period (6 - 12 - 24 weeks) were varied. The peroxide value (POZ) and the remaining amounts of antioxidants were used as parameters for the determination of the fat oxidation. The test results showed a some what enlarged stability of the fatty acids of soya bean oil raffination compared with refined soya bean oil in presence of anti oxidants. The stabilising effect of TBHQ was higher than that of BHA, but the consumption of antioxidants was lower with BHA than with TBHQ. With increasing amounts of antioxidants the stability of the fat was enlarged. The stability was lowered with rising storage temperature. Increasing storage period gives rise to a considerable increase in oxidation.     

Zusammenhänge zwischen molekulargewicht und elutionsvolumen bei der gelchromatographie von verschiedenen polyestern

The gel chromatograms of the low-molecular linear polyesters of adipic acid and hexanediol, butanediol, dimethyl propanediol, propanediol, diethylene glycol, and ethylene glycol, as well as those of polyhexamethylenecarbonate give on plotting log M against the elution volume a number of parallel calibration curves. The chromatograms obtained from the polyesters can be interpreted by a common calibration curve, if the logarithm of the number of atom equivalents is plotted against the elution volume. The number of atom equivalents results from the number of carbon atoms in the molecules and the number of oxygen atoms in the chain, taking into account the increments for carbon = 1 and for oxygen = 0,6. This common calibration relation applies to polystyrene gels in the solvent and swelling agent tetrahydrofuran, but not to polyvinylacetate gels. The number of atom equivalents obtained for every elution volume can be converted to the molecular weight of the corresponding polyesters. This makes it possible to use the calibration curve prepared for one type of polyester for evaluating the gel chromatograms of the other aliphatic polyesters.     

Zusammenhänge zwischen Aufbau und Tiefenwirkung von Grundierungen für zementgebundene Baustoffe

Relationships between Composition and Action of Primers for Cement-Bound Materials of Construction As result of long-term experiments on the relationships between the molecular size of binders and the depth of penetration of binder solutions having various viscosities in adsorbing-type cement-bound materials of construction, the following postulation is made: Inspite of the considerable size difference in the diameters of molecule and capillary, below certain sizes not the viscosity but the diameter of molecule or agglomerate determine the penetrability. It is shown that in such solutions that are employed as primary coating and sealing agents, the alterations at the depth of capillaries determine the mechanical and chemical properties of the coating. Therefore, this is another factor to assist in the choice of an optimum system.     

Untersuchungen zum UV/Vis-Spektralverhalten von Azofarbstoffen. XI. Allgemeine Zusammenhänge zwischen Struktur und Farbe protonierter Azofarbstoffe

Studies on U.V./Vis Absorption Spectra of Azo Dyes. XI. General Relationships between Structure and Colour of Protonated Azo Dyes The U.V.-VIS spectra of a wide range of azo dyes having structural variations in both diazo and coupling components in acidic solution are discussed. The azonium cation can be regarded as a donor-acceptor chromophore. Thus, structural variations which give a bathochromic shift in λ_max, are explained. The negative halochromism is also discussed with reference to this model.     

Physikalisch reversibel vernetzbare polymere: Zusammenhänge zwischen Molekülstrukturen und Eigenschaften von sequenzartig aufgebauten thermoplastischen Elastomeren

In a brief review thermoreversibly crosslinked polymers, especially EPM-rubbers, segmented polyetherester-elastomers and styrene-diene-blockcopolymers are treated. Correlations between molecular structure and some properties are given. Special emphasis is laid on the more thoroughly investigated styrene-diene-styrene-threeblock-copolymers, where detailed experimental and theoretical knowledge about morphology, mechanical and rheological properties exists.     

Über einige Zusammenhänge zwischen Elektronenstoßfragmentierung und Eigenschaften organischer Moleküle

About Some Correlations between Electron-Impact-Induced Fragmentations and Properties of Organic Molecules The most important theoretical conceptions in organic mass-spectrometry are discussed and compared. By consideration of special cases of single, competitive and consecutive reaction models and their graphical presentation it is possible to demonstrate some consequences of the QET useful for the qualitative interpretation and the understanding of the formation process of a mass-spectrum. The validity and the limits of the physical-organic theory of mass-spectra is examined from the point of view of the QET. A method to estimate the relative strength of chemical bonds in ions from fragmentation behaviour, including rearrangement, is proposed.     

Untersuchungen an Fritierfetten; Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Gehalt an petroläther-unlöslichen oxidierten Fettsäuren und dem Gehalt an polaren Substanzen bzw. dem Gehalt an polymeren Triglyceriden

Investigation of Deep-Frying-Fats; Correlations Between the Content of Petroleum Ether-Insoluble Oxidised Fatty Acids and the Content of Polar Substances or the Content of Polymeric Triglycerides Respectively In 1973, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Fettwissenschaft issued a recommendation of the assessment of used deep-frying fats in which special importance has been attached to the content of petroleum ether-insoluble oxidised fatty acids. However, the determination is time-consuming. Moreover, according to definition, only small amounts of the total oxidised fatty acids are determined. The results of other, less time-consuming methods of investigation which, in addition, may be carried out directly in the deep-frying fat without necessitating chemical attacks have been compared with those of the method ?petroleum ether-insoluble oxidised fatty acids”?. Samples of 4 types of fat which had been used for deep-frying in snack bars under different conditions were investigated by the following procedures:

• 1 Determination of the petroleum ether-insoluble oxidised fatty acids (ox FA)
• 2 Column chromatographic determination (CC) of the polar components
• 3 Liquid chromatographic determination (LC) of the sum of those substances which are more polar than unchanged triglycerides
• 4 Gel permeation chromatographic determination (GPC) of the polymeric triglycerides.

It was found that there are statistical relations between 1. and 2. resp. 3. resp. 4. The mean value of the distributions are laying approximately on parabolas. Thus, it is possible to replace the limit values for the content of petroleum ether-insoluble oxidised fatty acids of 0.7 or 1.0% recommended by DGF by corresponding values of the other methods.     

Faserstruktur und Färbeeigenschaften von Cellulosefasern, 1. Zusammenhänge zwischen Veränderungen der Faserstruktur und der Farbstoffadsorption bei Baumwolle durch Mercerisation und Flüssigammoniak-Behandlungen

Changes of fiber structure and the adsorption of direct dyes in cotton subjected to different kinds of mercerisation and liquid ammonia treatment have been studied. Therefrom a new general relationship between dye adsorption and fiber structure of cellulosic fibres has been given as a result. The fiber structure in the water swollen state was characterized by measurements of specific pore volume, specific pore surface and pore size distribution. The dyeing behaviour of the different treated cotton was determined by adsorption isotherms. The results revealed that for equilibrium dye adsorption from aqueous solution a transitional pore region with pore diameters of 20–60 Å has a special importance. Changes of these pores by the different swelling treatments correlated directly with the dye uptake. This pore region is found in cotton between the elementary fibrils.     

Aerosolbildung durch spontane Phasenübergänge bei Absorptions- und Kondensationsprozessen

Formation of aerosols by spontaneous condensation or desublimation in condensers or absorbers often causes serious problems in industrial processes. The fine aerosol particles, formed under special operating conditions, remain suspended in gases and are carried over into downstream stages or lead to high pollutant concentrations in the exhaust gas. The present paper describe under what conditions aerosols are formed. The characteristic behaviour of aerosols is discussed with the aid of experiments and computer simulation.