高压蒸汽管道封头开裂失效分析

为了查明高温蒸汽管道封头开裂失效原因,针对封头进行了开裂形貌、裂纹断口和金相组织等检测分析。结果表明：封头开裂的失效性质是热疲劳,造成封头开裂的主要原因是雨水长期泄漏对高温封头外壁急冷产生热应力,封头锻造工艺造成的组织缺陷也促进了裂纹的萌生和扩展。结合现场实际情况,提出了一些建议措施,避免了类似失效事故的发生。     

大型复合板球形封头的制造

介绍了DN9000mm复合板球形封头的下料、压制、组装、焊接等制造过程,以及制造过程中和制造完成后的无损检测要求,为类似封头的制造提供参考。     

双相钢复合板制封头成型工艺与材料要求

主要阐述复合板材料封头的成型工艺及材料要求,针对双相不锈钢复合板材料本身的特性,在原材料采购和验收时分别对基层、覆层以及复合板提出相关要求与检查。通过对封头板材料的分析及制造经验,封头成型时选择热压成型,并对随炉试板进行理化分析和力学性能试验,验证原材料的性能没有降低,确定封头成型工艺的可行性,为今后制造类似材料的封头提供一定经验。     

N10276复合板封头热压成型的分析

N10276复合板广泛地应用于工业生产中,对其热压工艺的研究就尤显重要。对N10276复合板封头热压成型进行了较为系统的分析,找出了较为理想的热压工艺;针对错误的热压工艺造成的不合格封头提出了有效的补救措施,并对N10276复合板封头的成形提出了一些建议。     

爆炸焊接TA2/Q235钢复合板末端开裂的原因

用爆炸焊接法制备了TA2/Q235钢复合板,用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜分析了复合板末端开裂的原因。结果表明:在末端开裂区域的结合面形成了过渡层,开裂裂纹出现在结合界面和Q235钢基体内部;爆炸焊接后在钛板两侧和末端出现延展变形,延展部分超出钛板原始尺寸5～8mm;爆炸焊接时钛板软化是末端开裂的内因,复合板末端拉应力波是末端开裂的外因。     

大型双面复合板椭圆封头冲压工艺

根据EHA4120双面复合板椭圆封头的冲压实际经验，分析探讨了此种封头在压制过程中外表面复合层产生裂纹的原因，通过改进压制工艺，成功地完成了封头的压制任务。     

LNG卧式储罐开裂原因分析

某公司气化站,巡检时发现一个天然气(以下简称LNG)低温贮罐底部的封头上有一处裂纹。经对该封头材料各项性能分析,结果表明,封头的化学成分、抗拉强度及屈服强度符合标准,封头的冲击吸收能量较低,裂纹封头的磁饱和值大,裂纹封头的显微组织为马氏体和奥氏体,裂纹是由于加工变形产生了马氏体组织,在腐蚀环境和应力的作用下,发生了应力腐蚀开裂。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢封头失效分析

通过化学成分、金相、弯曲、断口及能谱分析等手段 ,对某 1Cr18Ni9Ti制容器上封头开裂失效的原因进行了分析 ,分析结果表明 ,封头开裂属于氯离子引起的应力腐蚀开裂 (ClSCC) ,并提出了相应的改进措施 ,预防失效事故发生     

904L不锈钢复合板封头的焊接和热处理

分析了(Q345R+904L)复合板封头的制造特点,通过对封头拼缝焊接和热处理工艺的试验,封头制造由Q345R钢板冲压成型后堆焊904L的方法改为复合板直接冲压成型,基层和复层各项性能指标完全满足技术要求,降低了每个封头堆焊的成本,缩短了制造周期。     

萃取精馏塔开裂原因分析

对该塔封头材料进行了化学成分分析、力学性能测试、硬度检测和厚度测量,并进行了裂纹部位金相组织分析和断口解理分析。结果表明,萃取精馏塔的开裂是疲劳开裂。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.