臭氧/超声联合降解水中对氨基苯酚的动力学

采用臭氧/超声联合降解含对氨基苯酚模拟废水.研究了对氨基苯酚降解的影响因素和动力学,考察了反应液初始pH 值、反应物初始浓度、臭氧投量、反应温度对臭氧/超声降解对氨基苯酚反应速率的影响.结果表明,对氨基苯酚初始浓度为1000 mg·L^-1时,pH 11.0,臭氧投量88 mg·min^-1,超声密度0.3 W·ml^-1,常温下反应30 min后对氨基苯酚去除率达99％以上.对氨基苯酚的臭氧/超声降解符合表观一级动力学,得到幂指数方程描述反应动力学.     

臭氧法降解水中4-氟苯酚动力学研究

采用臭氧法降解4-氟苯酚模拟废水,研究4-氟苯酚降解影响因素和动力学。考察了反应液初始p H、反应物初始浓度、臭氧投量对臭氧氧化4-氟苯酚反应速率的影响。结果表明,4-氟苯酚初始浓度1 mmol/L,p H 10.0,常温常压下反应120 min后,4-氟苯酚总模拟废水的有机碳去除率为56.77%。采用幂指数方程描述反应动力学,4-氟苯酚模拟废水在臭氧氧化下的TOC去除符合表观一级动力学,并得到不同条件下的表观反应速率常数。     

超声波/臭氧联合降解水中氟苯的研究

采用超声波/臭氧联合降解含氟苯模拟废水。研究了对氟苯降解过程的影响因素,考察了反应初始p H、臭氧投放量、超声波强度、反应温度对超声波/臭氧联合降解氟苯的速率影响。结果表明,当氟苯初始浓度为50 mg·L-1,p H=11.07,臭氧投量88 mg·min-1,超声波密度0.3W·m L-1时,常温反应45 min后氟苯的去除率达98%。通过GC-MS测定,推测氟苯的反应主要为·OH自由基主导的自由基降解反应。     

电化学氧化法降解内分泌干扰物阿特拉津的研究

采用以铁板作阴、阳极,活性炭作第三维填料电极的三维电极电化学氧化法降解水中阿特拉津.考察了输入电流,极板间距、初始pH、活性炭投加量和反应时间对阿特拉津降解效果的影响,并对阿特拉津的降解动力学规律进行了初步探讨.结果表明,三维电极电化学氧化法能有效地降解阿特拉津,最佳工艺条件为:输入电流为10mA、极板间 距为4 cm、初始pH为4、反应时间120min、活性炭投加量为10g·L-1.在此条件下,初始浓度为15mg·L-1的阿特拉津 降解效率可高达90.4%.阿特拉津的降解过程遵循一级反应动力学规律,降解速率常数与阿特拉津的初始浓度无关,降解速率方程为:C=C0e-0.0286t.     

臭氧化降解给水系统中磺胺甲噁唑的试验研究

研究了臭氧对难降解的磺胺甲口唑(SMZ)的氧化效果,考察了pH、臭氧投加量、SMZ含量、自由基清除剂的去除对反应的影响,并对反应机理进行了初探.结果表明,在强碱性溶液中,O_3分解产生·OH,通过·OH的强氧化作用,质量浓度为200μg·L~(-1)的SMZ废水在臭氧投加量为4mg·L~(-1)条件下,去除率可达56.83%.臭氧氧化对SMZ有一定的降解作用,尤其在高pH条件下,·OH可将SMZ氧化生成相对分子质量较小的物质,主要是对氨基苯磺酰胺、NO_3~-以及有机酸.     

臭氧预处理二硝基重氮酚工业废水动力学

针对二硝基重氮酚(DDNP)工业废水水量大,且的硝基化合物和酚类等有毒物质含量高、其成分复杂、色度高、毒性大等问题,研究采用臭氧对DDNP工业废水进行预处理,探究了臭氧投加量、废水初始COD、初始pH、反应温度对氧化降解效果的影响和氧化降解反应动力学机制。结果表明,初始pH为7.02~10.96,臭氧投加量0.6~1.5L/min,反应温度288~333 K,COD为0.408~3.26 g/L时,臭氧氧化DDNP工业废水符合表观1级反应动力学规律。在臭氧投加量1.24 g/h、pH为9.04、废水COD为0.408 g/L、反应温度333 K、反应90 min时,废水COD的去除率高达76.7%,臭氧预处理技术为DDNP的生化处理提供了可能。     

Ag-TiO2-ZnO复合半导体的光催化性能及其动力学研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ag和TiO2的质量分数分别为1%和20%的Ag-TiO2-ZnO光催化剂,研究了溶液初始pH、光源功率、催化剂投加量及染料初始质量浓度对降解活性艳兰KN-R动力学的影响.结果表明,光源功率和催化剂投加量对染料降解影响较大,pH的影响较小,其最佳反应条件分别为紫外汞灯300W、催化剂投加量3.0 g·L-1和pH=9.30;对初始质量浓度为84 mg·L-1的活性艳兰KN-R光照30 min时,降解率可达99.9%,且在一定初始质量浓度下,光催化降解过程表现为1级反应.     

树脂纳米零价铁催化过硫酸钠降解刚果红的研究

使用合成的树脂纳米零价铁(NZVI-resin)作为铁源,采用活化过硫酸钠(PDS)的方式产生具有强氧化性的硫酸根自由基,以偶氮染料刚果红(CR)为目标污染物,考察了硫酸根自由基对甲基橙的氧化降解行为。系统研究了温度、pH值、NZVI-resin加入量及过硫酸钠的浓度等因素对过硫酸钠氧化降解刚果红效率的影响,探讨了其降解动力学。结果表明:在pH=3.0、纳米零价铁用量为0.067 g·L-1、Na2S2O8的投加量为0.67 g·L-1的条件下,初始浓度为20 mg·L-1的刚果红溶液的降解率为84.59%;该降解反应符合准一级反应动力学方程。     

Al~(3+)/UV催化臭氧去除偶氮二异丁腈废水中CN~-的研究

研究Al3+/UV催化臭氧对偶氮二异丁腈废水中CN-的降解特性。分析了pH、Al3+投加量和O3浓度对Al3+/UV催化臭氧降解CN-的影响。探讨Al3+/UV催化臭氧工艺中光催化反应动力学特征。结果表明,当pH值为9.0、Al3+投加量为0.61 g·L-1和气相臭氧质量浓度为50~55 mg·L-1时,偶氮二异丁腈废水中CN-的降解效果较好。Al3+/UV催化臭氧工艺降解腈纶废水的反应符合类一级动力学反应,偶氮二异丁腈废水中的初始CN-值在600~1500 mg·L-1时,一级反应速率常数为0.03011~0.00651 min-1。所需水力停留时间为240 mim。     

加压溶气强化臭氧氧化降解活性艳红X-3B

对采用加压溶气强化臭氧氧化技术降解活性艳红X-3B进行了研究。考察了反应体系溶气压力、初始pH、气水比及臭氧投加量等因素对活性艳红X-3B染料废水CODCr去除率及脱色率的影响,并对其降解反应动力学和机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,加压溶气强化臭氧氧化技术可以快速降解废水中染料分子,与常压鼓泡曝气技术相比,在30 min内CODCr去除率提高30. 3%,脱色时间缩短15 min;溶气压力的提升和臭氧投加量的增加均有利于废水CODCr去除和脱色,初始p H和气水比对废水CODCr去除率和脱色率影响较小。在加压溶气情况下,活性艳红X-3B的降解反应过程符合表观一级反应动力学方程,且表观速率常数与臭氧投加量呈正相关关系。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。