棉氨纶汗布的茶皂素前处理

分别采用碱氧一浴法和茶皂素对棉氨纶汗布进行前处理。通过正交试验,得到碱氧煮练法的优化工艺为:纯碱6 g/L、除油剂1 g/L、浴中宝1 g/L、渗透精练剂2 g/L、双氧水8 g/L、双氧水稳定剂1 g/L、螯合分散剂1 g/L,煮练温度95℃,时间45 min;通过单因素试验,得到茶皂素一浴法的优化工艺为:茶皂素20 g/L,处理温度95℃,时间45 min。结果表明,经茶皂素处理后,棉氨纶汗布的毛效和白度较碱氧工艺好,但是顶破强力稍差。     

纯棉毛巾织物煮漂增白一浴法工艺

为解决纯棉毛巾织物传统煮漂与增白工艺两浴法加工能耗大、工序长等问题,文中采用煮漂增白一浴法对纯棉毛巾织物进行处理,探讨了多功能精练剂DM-1337、H_2O_2、NaOH、荧光增白剂VBL等对处理效果的影响,优化煮练增白一浴法工艺,并与传统煮练、增白两浴法工艺进行对比。结果表明,优化的纯棉毛巾织物煮漂增白一浴法工艺为:多功能精练剂DM-1337 4.0 g/L,30%双氧水20 mL/L,NaOH 1.0 g/L,荧光增白剂0.3 g/L,浴比1∶20,煮漂增白一浴法处理后织物白度为97.3%,沉降时间为5.8 s,与传统两浴法工艺处理效果相当,强力损失率明显降低;煮漂增白一浴法生产实践效果和传统两浴法工艺相当,且缩短了工艺流程、提高了生产效率,降低能耗,具有明显的节能减排效应。     

精练酶881在纯棉织物短流程前处理中的应用

选用精练酶881对纯棉平纹织物进行练漂一浴法处理,探讨了精练酶881、双氧水和稳定剂硅酸钠用量及汽蒸时间对棉织物性能的影响。优化的工艺为:精练酶881 20 g/L,双氧水(35%)8 mL/L,硅酸钠5 g/L,100℃汽蒸60 min。精练酶881一浴前处理工艺简单,对纤维损伤小,处理后棉织物的各项性能指标与常规工艺的相当。     

双氧水稳定剂KD在纯棉毛巾前处理中的应用

将新型双氧水稳定剂KD应用于纯棉毛巾冷轧堆前处理工艺,讨论了双氧水和氢氧化钠用量、温度、时间对前处理效果的影响,确定稳定剂KD在纯棉毛巾漂白中的最佳工艺条件为:双氧水(27.5%)质量浓度50g/L,NaOH质量浓度35g/L,堆置温度35℃,堆置时间9h,四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)5g/L,稳定剂KD质量浓度5 g/L,精练渗透剂质量浓度5 g/L。纯棉毛巾经此工艺条件处理后,白度达到80.4,毛效12.1 cm/30 min,断裂强力573.3 N,毛巾手感柔软。冷轧堆前处理工艺中使用稳定剂KD后,碱用量减少,堆置时间缩短,有效改善了纯棉毛巾漂白前处理的品质。     

棉/麻/毛混纺织物的超声波辅助生物酶前处理

针对棉、麻和毛纤维不同的形态结构及化学性能,对其采用超声波-生物酶煮练,再进行双氧水漂白。通过正交试验和单因素试验,优化了生物酶-超声波煮练工艺:精练酶ATM 1 g/L、退浆酶DL 2 g/L、纤维素酶8000A 1 g/L、渗透剂LFD-30 2 g/L、煮练温度55℃、煮练时间20 min、浴比1∶10;漂白工艺为:30%双氧水6 g/L、多功能助剂2 g/L、氧漂稳定剂3 g/L、100℃漂白30 min;处理后半成品的毛效、白度、强力均符合要求,羊毛纤维损伤小。     

玉米/棉/PTT三组分包芯纱针织物前处理工艺研究

中性条件下,采用酶煮练,双氧水漂白两浴工艺,可以使玉米/棉/PTT三组分包芯纱针织物得到很好的处理效果,最佳的煮练工艺条件：纤维素酶1 g/L,果胶酶4 g/L,精练剂20 g/L,60℃煮练60 min。     

环保型多功能织物前处理助剂的研制与应用

针对传统棉织物前处理过程中存在使用强碱及双氧水用量大,生产周期长,效率低的问题,研制了环保型多功能前处理剂,对纯棉织物进行一浴法前处理。通过单因素试验和正交试验确定最优工艺条件为：正硅酸钠质量浓度20 g/L,H₂O₂质量浓度15 g/L,五水偏硅酸钠质量浓度12 g/L,FMES质量浓度4 g/L,浴比1∶40,前处理温度80℃,前处理时间60 min。在该工艺条件下,织物退浆率可达95.2%,毛效16.8 cm,白度85.2%,断裂强力545.2N。结果表明,经该新型助剂处理后的棉织物各项性能指标较好,煮练时间短,助剂用量少,耗能低,棉织物前处理品质得到有效改善。     

纯棉针织物轧蒸-生物酶前处理

提出了一种新的生物酶前处理工艺流程,即先氧化漂白后生物酶煮练,对煮练酶、纤维素酶的处理效果,以及氧漂工艺进行试验.结果显示,以下工艺[氧漂双氧水（30%）用量为40～50g/L,pH值10.5,95℃处理1.5 h煮练,煮练酶用量1.0～1.5g/L,pH值8.5,65℃处理1.5 h]的前处理效果最好,且能达到传统的烧碱前处理效果.     

纯棉织物酶氧前处理工艺

采用正交试验优化了复合酶退浆煮练一步法-双氧水漂白前处理工艺中的漂白工艺,并讨论了复合酶退浆煮练后水洗工序对织物性能及退浆煮练废水的影响。结果表明,优化的双氧水漂白工艺为:汽蒸时间60 min,双氧水8 g/L,稳定剂HD-181 12 g/L,螯合分散剂HD-128 1 g/L。复合酶退浆煮练后不进行水洗,对织物白度、断裂强度和即时吸水性没有影响,而且简化了工艺,减少了用水量和能耗,还使前处理废水的COD至少降低了20%。     

纯棉纱布一浴一步法煮漂工艺探究

采用活化剂等助剂对纯棉纱布进行一浴煮漂前处理,研究了双氧水、精练剂A、氢氧化钠等用量以及活化剂种类、用量和温度对纱布前处理效果的影响,以处理后织物的白度、润湿性以及表面活性物质为评价指标,得出最佳前处理工艺为:27.5%双氧水1.2 g/L,精练剂A 2.3 g/L,32.5%NaOH 2.65 g/L,四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)为漂白活化剂,用量为2 g/L,温度为95℃。采用优化工艺处理后,纯棉纱布的白度为78.8%,沉降时间为1.63 s,表面活性物质测试泡沫高度不超过2 mm,符合前处理要求,达到了节能减排、降低成本的目的。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the