Standards of weight and height for Ayrshire, brown Swiss, and milking shorthorn heifers

To develop a modern appraisal of growth for Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, and Milking Shorthorn dairy heifers, data on heart girth and height at withers were collected from 1279 Ayrshire heifers (33 herds), 1819 Brown Swiss heifers (46 herds), and 565 Milking Shorthorn heifers (20 herds), ages 1 to 25 mo, in herds located throughout the US. Means and standard deviations were determined for height and heart girth for each month of age. Third-order regressions on age were fitted to the means to describe height and heart girth. Estimated mean height and heart girth at 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo, in centimeters, were for Ayrshire 98.7 and 118.4, 114.4 and 145.9, 122.8 and 163.2, and 127.6 and 176.4; for Brown Swiss 102.6 and 122.3, 199.4 and 151.3, 128.7 and 168.8, and 134.0 and 182.0; and for milking Shorthorn 98.0 and 119.4, 113.6 and 148.6, 122.6 and 166.6, and 127.7 and 179.9, respectively. These data can be useful to evaluate the heifer rearing program with respect to the growth rates of heifers on an individual farm.     

钢铁企业智慧能源管控系统开发与实践

 能源管控系统是国家工信部推出的节能减排先进适用技术之一,也是企业实现能源精细化管理的重要措施。综述了钢铁企业能源管控系统的现状和存在的问题,并对未来发展进行了展望。针对能源管控系统核心功能展开进一步分析,从基础能源管理到能效分析与评价、能源供需预测与优化分配、多能源介质耦合优化调度及辅助决策,以及碳排放分析等核心功能,旨在推进中国钢铁工业能源管控系统的进一步完善,促进智能化、绿色化发展,更好地发挥能源精细化管理作用,为企业节能减排做出更大贡献。     

我国钛及钛合金板材标准化现状

主要回顾了我国钛及钛合金板材标准化历程,重点介绍了本世纪钛板材国标体系的重要变化及完善情况,并与国外先进标准进行了对比,提出了进一步完善和发展我国钛板材标准体系的发展思路、改进意见和建议。     

The utility of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist

This work offers an anthropological analysis of intra-household processes underlying gender- and age-specific differences in individual nutritional and health care allocations and outcomes in particular cultures. Based on recent ethnographic studies in India, Nepal, Madagascar, Mexico, and Peru, correspondences are analyzed between local cultural ("emic") and scientist-policy maker practitioner ("etic") understandings of nutrition, health, and human development, and the relative "values" of females, males, and children of different ages. The data and analyses clarify specific epidemiological and demographic findings on age and gender bias in nutrition and health and highlight the multiple cultural, economic, and biological factors that contribute to gender- or age-based discrimination or neglect. Recent advances in nutrition policy have argued for a broader concept of nutritional security, one that incorporates both food quantity and quality, and of nutrition as "food, health and care" (International Conference on Nutrition, World Declaration and Plan of Action for Nutrition, FAO/WHO, Rome, 1992). These ethnographic findings; lend strong support for such broader nutrition concepts and associated nutrition policies. The studies also suggest ways in which anthropological questions, methods, and data and community-based research can help predict or identify the nutritionally vulnerable within households and help other social and medical scientists design more effective interventions.     

钢铁制造流程炼铁区段耗散结构的解析

为了研究钢铁制造流程耗散结构的本质及其特征,以高炉炼铁区段为对象,研究解析了多工序协同动态运行条件下的耗散结构优化问题.由料场、焦化、烧结、球团、高炉等工序所组成的炼铁区段,不仅是钢铁制造流程中重要的物质/能源转换中心,也是全流程动态有序、协同连续运行的关键和基础环节.炼铁区段的物理本质是铁素物质流在碳素能量流的驱动和...     

钢铁工业节能减排的历史重任

重点研究了我国钢铁工业节能减排的目标,钢铁工业能耗、污染物排放的现状,我国钢铁工业与国际先进水平的差距及原因,钢铁企业联合重组取得的新进展,主动减排二氧化碳、二氧化硫气体及我国钢铁工业未来的发展方向.     

天铁科技成果管理工作实践

论述了科技成果管理的内容和意义,结合企业实际介绍了天铁科技管理的制度、体系及实施效果。通过科技创新体系和成果管理制度建设,“十一五”期间促进了科技成果的开发和转化,有多个项目分别列人天津市技术创新重点为项目、天津市二十项重点项目,推动了企业持续快速发展。     

Girlfriend, boyfriend: Age and sex differences in intimate friendship.

Investigated changes in intimate friendship with same- and opposite-sex friends in preadolescence and adolescence, using the Intimacy Scale. Ss were Israeli children from the 5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th grades (60 boys and 60 girls from each grade), who rated their friendship with a same- or opposite-sex best friend. There was a significant age difference in overall intimacy with same-sex friends. Frankness and spontaneity, knowing and sensitivity, attachment, exclusiveness, and giving and sharing were factors that changed with age. Trust and loyalty, and taking and imposing did not. Opposite-sex friendship revealed a significant increase in intimacy with age. Boys and girls did not differ in reported opposite-sex friendship in the 5th and 7th grades, whereas girls in the 9th and 11th grades reported higher intimacy than did boys. This sex-by-age pattern of interaction was particularly evident for attachment and for trust and loyalty. Girls were higher in knowing and sensitivity, giving and sharing, and taking and imposing. The implications for further differentiation among types of peer relations and interrelation of dyadic friendship and cognitive growth are discussed. (42 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Paraplane analysis from precordial three-dimensional echocardiographic data sets for rapid and accurate quantification of left ventricular volume and function: a comparison with magnetic resonance imaging

OBJECTIVES: Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) calculates left ventricular volumes (LVV) and ejection fraction (EF) without geometric assumptions, but prolonged analysis time limits its routine use. This study was designed to validate a modified 3DE method for rapid and accurate LVV and EF calculation compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Forty subjects included 15 normal volunteers (group A) and 25 patients with segmental wall motion abnormalities and global hypokinesis caused by ischemic heart disease (group B) who underwent 3DE with precordial rotational acquisition technique (2-degree interval with electrocardiographic and respiratory gating) and MRI at 0.5 T, electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggered multislice multiphase T1-weighted fast field echo. End-diastolic and end-systolic LVV and EF were calculated from both techniques with Simpson's rule by manual endocardial tracing of equidistant parallel left ventricular short-axis slices. Slicing from the 3DE data sets were done by both 2.9-mm slice thickness (method 3DE-A) and by 8 equidistant short-axis slices (method 3DE-B); for MRI analysis, 9-mm slice thickness was used. RESULTS: Analysis time required for manual endocardial tracing of end-diastolic and end-systolic short-axis slices was 10 minutes for the 3DE-B method compared with 40 minutes by the 3DE-A method. For all 40 subjects the mean +/- SD of end-diastolic LVV (mL) were 181 +/- 76, 179 +/- 73, and 182 +/- 76; for end-systolic LVV (mL), 120 +/- 76, 120 +/- 75, and 122 +/- 77; and for EF (%), 39 +/- 18, 38 +/- 18, and 38 +/- 18 for MRI, 3DE-A, and 3DE-B methods, respectively. The differences between 3DE-A and 3DE-B with MRI for calculating end-diastolic and end-systolic LVV and EF were not significant for the whole group of subjects as well as for the subgroups. The 3DE-B method had excellent correlation and close limits of agreement with MRI for calculating end-diastolic and end-systolic LVV and EF: r = 0.98 (-1.3 +/- 26.6), 0.99 (-1.6 +/- 21. 2), and 0.99 (0.2 +/- 5.2), respectively. The correlation between 3DE-A and MRI were r = 0.97, 0.98, and 0.98, and the limits of agreement were -1.4 +/- 36, -0.6 +/- 26, and 0.6 +/- 8 for calculating end-diastolic and end-systolic LVV and EF, respectively. In addition, excellent correlation and close limits of agreement between 3DE-A and 3DE-B with MRI for LVV and EF calculation was also found for the subgroups. Intraobserver and interobserver variability (SEE) of MRI for calculating end-diastolic and end-systolic LVV and EF were 6.3, 4.7, and 2.1; and 13.6, 11.5, and 4.7; respectively, whereas that for 3DE-B were 3.1, 4.4, and 2.2; and 6.2, 3.8, and 3. 6; respectively. Comparable observer variability was also found for the A and B subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The 3DE-A and 3DE-B methods have excellent correlation and close limits of agreement with MRI for calculating LVV and EF in both normal subjects and cardiac patients. The 3DE-B method by paraplane analysis with 8 equidistant short-axis slices has observer variability similar to MRI and reduces the 3DE analysis time to 10 minutes, therefore offering a rapid, reproducible, and accurate method for LVV and EF calculation.     

某复杂难选铅锌氧化矿综合利用项目节能分析

针对氧化矿矿石储量大、品位低、矿石性质复杂、难以选别的特点,介绍了某复杂难选铅锌氧化矿综合利用项目的工艺方案、主要生产指标,提出了各项节能措施,分析了项目的用能总量及主要用能工序,并对项目的能效水平进行了分析.通过开发和采用效率高、节能效果好的工艺流程、设备,并做好建筑、给排水、供配电、通风除尘等辅助和附属设施的节能,...     

金矿地电化学勘查新技术新方法研究进展

近30年来,俄罗斯和我国在产出很深的隐伏矿床普查勘探方面创立了一系列地电化学勘查新技术新方法,这些新技木新方法能够发现150～ 200 m 厚的浮土以下和500 m 厚的基岩下的隐优矿体．并提出了产出很霖的隐优矿体与地表土壤及空气中的地电化学晕之间的成因联系和指示元素远距离迁移机制。在70年代到80年代,俄罗斯和我国应用这些新技术、新方法在有色金属、贵金属、石油天然气矿床普查勘探中取得了丰硕的成果。     

Pulmonary involvement in polymyositis and in dermatomyositis

OBJECTIVE: To assess prevalence, characteristics, and predictive factors of pulmonary involvement in polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). METHODS: The medical records of 55 consecutive patients with PM and DM between 1983 and 1996 were reviewed. The criteria for diagnosis of PM and DM were based upon Bohan and Peter criteria. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (40%) developed lung impairment with a mean of 17 months after onset of PM and DM. The 3 main types of pulmonary disorders were interstitial lung disease (41%), ventilatory insufficiency with bronchopneumonia (22.8%), and alveolitis (with pulmonary function tests revealing restrictive pattern, low diffusing capacity, and normal computerized tomography) (36.2%). Both morbidity and mortality rates were as high as 40 and 27%, respectively, in PM and DM patients with lung involvement. Moreover, for the group with pulmonary diseases, serum GOT and ferritin levels were higher (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02) and the presence of anti-Jo-1 antibody and characteristic microangiopathy were more frequent (p < 0.05 and p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: This series reveals both high prevalence (40%) and severity of pulmonary involvement in PM and DM. Our findings also suggest that high serum GOT and ferritin levels, presence of anti-Jo-1 antibody and characteristic microangiopathy may have predictive value and should encourage the search for pulmonary dysfunction and interstitial lung disease in patients with PM and DM.     

钢铁制造流程能源转换功能的开发与利用

针对钢铁制造流程能源结构和能源转换特点,提出钢铁制造流程能量流优化的核心是煤的转换与煤气、余热等二次能源的回收利用问题。在《冶金流程工程学》等理论的指引下,提出钢铁制造流程煤基能量系统是一个复杂的大系统,具有功能涌现性,通过充分开发与利用其能源转换功能,并与其他行业及社会大系统进行耦合,可构建“钢铁、化工、燃气、氢气、电力、供热、供冷多联产系统”,将更有利于提高系统能源效率和价值,更好实现钢铁企业绿色、低碳转型发展。     

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: An Introduction for Rehabilitation Psychologists.

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) represents a new way for rehabilitation psychologists and other health care providers to classify health and functioning. The ICF classifies functioning and disability through the constructs of Body Functions and Structures and Activities and Participation and addresses contextual influences through Environmental and Personal Factors. The ICF and its companion classification, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, provide a complementary, broad, and meaningful picture of the health of an individual or of entire populations. Research and clinical implementation efforts suggest that the ICF is a useful and meaningful public health tool. The development of the ICF and its universe and scope of application are reviewed. Critical concepts are defined, the structure of the ICF is illustrated, and clinical-research utility are featured in light of the ethical considerations for responsible use by rehabilitation psychologists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Maternal dietary protein deficiency decreases nitric oxide synthase and ornithine decarboxylase activities in placenta and endometrium of pigs during early gestation

Little is known about the mechanism responsible for retarded placental and fetal growth induced by maternal dietary protein malnutrition. On the basis of the recent finding that nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines (products of L-arginine) play an important role in embryonic and placental development, the present study was designed to determine whether protein deficiency decreases placental and endometrial activities of NO synthase (NOS) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) (the first and key regulatory enzyme in polyamine synthesis). Primiparous gilts selected genetically for low or high plasma total cholesterol concentrations (low line and high line, respectively) were mated and then fed 1.8 kg/d of isocaloric diets containing 13% or 0.5% crude protein. At d 40 or 60 of gestation, they were hysterectomized, and placenta and endometrium were obtained for incubations, NOS and ODC assays, and measurements of free amino acids and polyamines. Maternal dietary protein restriction decreased arginine and ornithine concentrations, constitutive and inducible NOS activities and NO production, as well as ODC activity and polyamine concentrations in placenta and endometrium of both lines of gilts. Placental NO synthase activity and NO generation were lower in high line gilts than in low line gilts. ODC activities and polyamine concentrations in placenta and endometrium were decreased at d 60 compared with d 40 of gestation. These changes in placental and endometrial synthesis of NO and polyamines during early gestation may be a mechanism responsible for reduced placental and fetal growth in protein-deficient gilts and for altered conceptus development in high line gilts.     

Ni和Nb元素对Fe-Cr-Mo合金力学和阻尼性能的影响

摘要：采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、弯曲共振试验机和万能材料试验机等分析了复合添加质量分数0.8%Ni元素和0.1%Nb元素的Fe-Cr-Mo合金组织和析出相的大小、形态,研究了Ni和Nb元素的添加对Fe-Cr-Mo合金力学性能和阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,Ni和Nb元素的加入不但使合金晶粒显著细化,而且有效抑制了富Cr析出物的析出,使析出物明显细化且分布弥散。晶粒和析出物的细化同时提高了合金的强度和塑韧性,尤其是显著地提高了材料的塑性。1000和1100℃退火后,Ni和Nb元素的加入将提高减振合金的矫顽力,降低磁致伸缩系数,使减振合金的阻尼性能降低。900℃退火后,Ni和Nb元素的添加虽然提高了合金的矫顽力,但由于Mo元素的回溶使磁致伸缩系数增大,阻尼性能获得提高。     

Pharmacokinetic properties and oral bioavailabilities of difloxacin in pig and chicken

1. Pharmacokinetic properties of difloxacin have been studied in pig and chicken after intravenous and oral administration. 2. The serum concentrations of difloxacin in pig and chicken after intravenous administration were best described by a two-compartment open model, giving distribution half-lives of 0.50 and 0.66 h and elimination half-lives of 7.92 and 4.10 h for pig and chicken respectively. The steady-state distribution volumes were 1.70 and 3.06 l/kg for pig and chicken respectively. 3. After oral administration of 5 mg/kg to pig and chicken, the serum concentrations reached maximal levels of 3.61 and 0.96 microg/ml respectively at 1.25 and 1.40 h. The elimination half-lives were 11.8 and 7.35 h for pig and chicken respectively. 4. The bioavailabilities of difloxacin were calculated as 93.7 (pig) and 86.9% (chicken).     

Contributions of microbes in vertebrate gastrointestinal tract to production and conservation of nutrients

The vertebrate gastrointestinal tract is populated by bacteria and, in some species, protozoa and fungi that can convert dietary and endogenous substrates into absorbable nutrients. Because of a neutral pH and longer digesta retention time, the largest bacterial populations are found in the hindgut or large intestine of mammals, birds, reptiles, and adult amphibians and in the foregut of a few mammals and at least one species of bird. Bacteria ferment carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), convert dietary and endogenous nitrogenous compounds into ammonia and microbial protein, and synthesize B vitamins. Absorption of SCFA provides energy for the gut epithelial cells and plays an important role in the absorption of Na and water. Ammonia absorption aids in the conservation of nitrogen and water. A larger gut capacity and longer digesta retention time provide herbivores with additional SCFA for maintenance energy and foregut-fermenting and copoprophagic hindgut-fermenting species with access to microbially synthesized protein and B vitamins. Protozoa and fungi also contribute nutrients to the host. This review discusses the contributions of gut microorganisms common to all vertebrates, the numerous digestive strategies that allow herbivores to maximize these contributions, and the effects of low-fiber diets and discontinuous feeding schedules on these microbial digestive processes.     

浅谈矿山企业科协工作

科协是党联系科技工作者桥梁纽带,竭诚为科技工作者服务,反映科技工作者心声,维护科技工作者的权利,提升企业员工技术素养服务;科协为企业技术进步服务,推动科技事业发展.矿山企业科协工作就是要组织科技工作者,以技术攻关和技术研讨为手段,解决矿山生产经营中的难点、热点问题.