基于自适应三线性池化网络的细粒度图像分类

细粒度图像分类的关键在于提取图像中微妙的特征。现有基于弱监督方式的细粒度图像识别方法大多使用专家标注的边界注释辅助定位关键区域,存在标注成本高、训练过程复杂等问题。基于弱监督的双线性卷积神经网络方法因其学习到的特征空间更符合细粒度图像特性而具有一定的有效性,但忽略了层间的相互作用。针对细粒度图像识别领域存在的关键区域识别困难和层间交互关联弱的问题,融合二阶协方差通道注意力机制、自适应特征掩码与自适应三线性池化,提出自适应三线性池化网络ATP-Net,用于细粒度图像分类任务。通过二阶协方差通道注意力机制学习通道上的注意力向量,构建自适应特征掩码模块学习空间维上的注意力矩阵,设计自适应三线性池化模块学习特征的最终表示,以充分利用空间维、通道维上的信息。在CUB-200、Cars-196和Aircraft-100 3个细粒度图像分类数据集上的实验结果表明,ATP-Net的分类精度分别为89.30%、94.20%和91.80%。     

基于模态信息交互的多模态情感分析

基于全局语义交互的粗粒度注意力机制不能有效利用各模态间的语义关联提取到模态信息中的关键部分，从而影响分类结果。针对这个问题提出了一个模态信息交互模型MII(modal information interaction),通过细粒度注意力机制提取模态的局部语义关联特征并用于情感分类。首先，模态内信息交互模块用于构建模态内的联系并生成模态内交互特征，随后模态间信息交互模块利用图像(文本)的模态内交互特征生成门控向量来关注文本(图像)中相关联的部分，从而得到模态间的交互特征。考虑到特征中存在的冗余信息，模型加入了自适应特征融合模块，从全局特征层面对特征进行选择，增强了包含情感信息的关键特征的表达能力，弱化了冗余信息对分类结果的影响。在MVSA-Single和MVSA-Multi两个公开数据集上的实验结果表明，该模型优于一系列基线模型。     

多任务交互式学习网络的方面情感分析

方面情感分析传统方法采用方面词抽取-情感预测的独立学习模式,未充分利用两模块的联合信息及训练过程中有价值的信息。提出基于消息传递机制的多任务交互式学习网络,模型采用细粒度属性级分类任务和篇章级分类任务联合训练,设计消息传递显式地对任务交互进行建模,通过共享隐藏变量迭代传递信息,有助于特征学习和推理。方面情感分析模块提出词级信息交互机制以及观点词抽取——情感预测信息传递通道,实现双注意力机制;利用池化操作嵌入多层GRU网络实现篇章级任务预测。设计迭代算法在方面级和篇章级任务间交替训练,通过三个数据集上的实验对比,结果表明模型在每个子任务的F1分数、模型整体性能、篇章级任务网络性能上均得到有效提高。     

图像情感分析的层次图卷积网络模型

图像情感分析任务旨在运用机器学习模型自动预测观测者对图像的情感反应。当前基于深度网络的情感分析方法广受关注,主要通过卷积神经网络自动学习图像的深度特征。然而,图像情感是图像全局上下文特征的综合反映,由于卷积核感受野的尺寸限制,无法有效捕捉远距离情感特征间的依赖关系,同时网络中不同层次的情感特征间未能得到有效的融合利用,影响了图像情感分析的准确性。为解决上述问题,文中提出了层次图卷积网络模型,分别在空间和通道维度上构建空间上下文图卷积(SCGCN)模块和动态融合图卷积(DFGCN)模块,有效学习不同层次情感特征内部的全局上下文关联与不同层级特征间的关系依赖,能够有效提升情感分类的准确度。网络结构由4个层级预测分支和1个融合预测分支组成,层级预测分支利用SCGCN学习单层次特征的情感上下文表达,融合预测分支利用DFGCN自适应聚合不同语义层次的上下文情感特征,实现融合推理与分类。在4个情感数据集上进行实验,结果表明,所提方法在情感极性分类和细粒度情感分类上的效果均优于现有的图像情感分类模型。     

融合场景信息的图像美学属性评价

目的 图像美学属性评价可以提供丰富的美学要素,极大地增强图像美学的可解释性。然而现有的图像美学属性评价方法并没有考虑到图像场景类别的多样性,导致评价任务的性能不够理想。为此,本文提出一种深度多任务卷积神经网络(multi task convolutional neural network, MTCNN)模型,利用场景信息辅助图像的美学属性预测。方法 本文模型由双流深度残差网络组成,其中一支网络基于场景预测任务进行训练,以提取图像的场景特征;另一支网络提取图像的美学特征。然后融合这两种特征,通过多任务学习的方式进行训练,以预测图像的美学属性和整体美学分数。结果 为了验证模型的有效性,在图像美学属性数据集(aesthetics and attributes database, AADB)上进行实验验证。结果显示,在斯皮尔曼相关系数(Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient, SRCC)指标上,本文方法各美学属性预测的结果较其他方法的最优值平均提升了6.1%,本文方法整体美学分数预测的结果较其他方法的最优值提升了6.2%。结论 提出的图像美学属性...     

联合多头数据增强与多粒度语义挖掘的图像情感分析

图像情感分析是机器视觉领域热点问题,然而情感判断主观性较强,仅分析完整图像难以准确刻画图像中情感语义,且高质量图像情感数据不足.为此,提出联合多头数据增强与多粒度语义挖掘的图像情感分析模型M².首先,设计多头数据增强方法,基于自动数据增强与主动样本精选策略构建递进式数据增强模型,从“质”与“量”两个角度提升数据集;其次,引入情感区域检测模型完成情感区域增强,深入挖掘图像中情感语义强烈的局部区域,进而联合局部区域与整幅图像构建多粒度图像;然后,基于深度互学习框架及局部区域完成模型预训练,充分挖掘异构SENet网络之间互补的情感语义,并以迁移学习方式指导多粒度图像情感分析;最后,设计自适应特征融合模块,融合异构SENet特征以完成多粒度语义挖掘,实现图像情感分析.在Twitter I和FI数据集上验证M²模型,其准确率分别达到90.97%和81.14%,优于主流基线. M²拥有泛化性更强的数据增强策略,可以为其训练提供坚实的数据基础,且对应的实证分析效果较好,模型具备一定的实用价值.     

基于序列对抗域适应的智能裁剪算法

智能裁剪任务一直受到缺乏训练数据的困扰,目前还局限于公开数据集中.因为实际应用场景与训练场景之间存在域迁移,文中提出基于序列对抗域适应的智能裁剪算法.首先,通过实验证实裁剪数据集GAICD和CPC之间存在域迁移问题.然后,构造由美学评分模块和对抗域适应模块组成的算法.美学评分模块用于预测图像的美学评分,并辅助提取面向裁剪任务的不变特征.对抗域适应模块实现基于对抗的域适应学习.不同裁剪数据集之间的域迁移实验及室内/室外场景之间的域迁移实验均验证文中算法的有效性.     

联合语义分割的自监督单目深度估计方法

研究深度估计和语义分割的图像之间的互利关系,提出了一种联合语义分割的自监督单目深度估计方法 USegDepth.语义分割和深度估计任务通过共享编码器,实现语义引导.为了进一步提高编码器的跨多任务性能,设计了多任务特征提取模块,堆叠该模块构成共享编码器,解决有限感受野和缺乏跨通道交互导致的模型特征表示能力欠佳问题,进一步提升模型精度.同时,提出跨任务交互模块,通过双向的跨域信息交互细化特征表示,提升深度估计表现,特别是光度一致性监督有限的弱纹理区域和物体边界.通过在KITTI数据集上的训练和全面评估,实验结果显示所提的USegDepth模型方法的均方相对误差相比于SGDepth降低了0.176个百分点,在阈值为1.25³的阈值精度达到了98.4%,证明了USegDepth在深度预测上具有较高的准确率.     

基于多任务学习的微博谣言检测方法

微博谣言的广泛传播给当今社会造成了日益严峻的负面影响。基于深度神经网络的方法存在缺少大量带标签的数据。研究发现,谣言经常伴随负面情感,而非谣言则伴随正面情感,考虑到谣言与非谣言之间表现出的相反情感倾向性,提出一种将谣言检测和情感分析这两个高度相关的任务结合起来学习的多任务学习方法,为了尽可能多地挖掘不同任务之间的关联,全面分析谣言检测任务的特征,设计了一个由BERT和BiGRU联合的多任务学习框架（BERT-BiGRU-MTL,BBiGM）。利用权值共享的方法对两个任务进行联合训练,同时提取出任务之间的共同特征和针对谣言检测任务的特定特征,利用情感分析任务辅助谣言检测。研究结果表明,该方法在准确率、精确率、F1值评测指标上优于采用单任务学习的方法。     

基于情感词和多任务卷积神经网络的文本情感分布学习

不同于传统的情感分析范式,情感分布学习采用与示例关联的情感分布对多种情绪进行定量建模,可以较好地处理具有情绪模糊性的情感分析任务。针对现有情感分布学习方法缺乏考虑文本分析任务特有的情感词语言学先验知识的问题,该文提出一种基于情感词和多任务卷积神经网络(Lexicon enhanced Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Network, LMT-CNN)的文本情感分布学习模型,用于预测文本的情感分布和情绪标签。LMT-CNN模型的网络结构由文本语义信息模块、情感词的情感知识模块和多任务预测模块组成,采用端到端方式进行模型训练和预测。在7个常用的文本情感数据集上的对比实验结果表明,LMT-CNN模型具有比已有的情感分布学习方法更优的情感分布预测和情绪分类性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.