中外区块链监管政策对比分析

区块链作为数字经济发展的重要基础设施和关键技术,能够加速我国由信息互联网向价值互联网的转型,并将对我国金融、制造、政务、医疗等多个领域产生颠覆性影响。正因如此,国家各部委和各省市自治区纷纷出台区块链政策,鼓励技术、产业和应用的创新发展。目前,我国区块链政策呈现国家层面超前部署、各部委积极规划、多角度深入监管、地方政策数量不断增加、促进应用效果显著及地方政策因地制宜六大特征,但也存在一些问题。文章通过对比国外区块链监管政策,提出了我国区块链监管存在问题的建议:一是继续完善国家监管体系,加强虚拟货币监管制度;二是加快区块链法律法规制定,布局细分行业应用监管;三是极探索科技监管模式,继续发展"以链治链"的创新监管方式。     

区块链监管的现状与展望

区块链作为监管利器已经在多种场景下实现了监管创新,大大降低了监管成本。然而,区块链"自律"和"他律"机制的缺乏揭露了其技术自身的安全隐患。对区块链技术自身的监管是在区块链技术快速发展中亟待解决的问题之一,需要结合区块链技术自身的规则及框架,对区块链技术制定技术层面、法律政策层面等多维度的监管方案。文章首先分析了区块链技术的特点及其在监管方面的促进作用,着重分析了区块链技术自身监管的重要性及现状,其次阐述了区块链监管及自我监管的具体需求,并提出对区块链技术进行监管的未来发展方向及优化方案。     

2022年全球区块链产业发展态势分析

当前,全球范围内区块链技术创新活跃,应用落地加速。多国政府部门高度重视,持续发布相关政策措施。行业巨头和行业组织注重技术研发,拓展应用广度和深度。区块链产业投融资活动活跃,企业数量规模持续增长,逐渐形成一批创新实力强的技术型企业。我国区块链产业在国家和地方政府部门的推动下,不断加强核心技术研究,持续开展应用创新探索,区块链开放联盟链等基础设施加速建设,区块链BaaS平台不断成熟,各类区块链应用服务平台涌现。未来,区块链与隐私计算、Web3.0等新技术融合发展,必将带动新一轮区块链应用创新和产业发展。本文通过基于产业数据的分析研究方法,从政策环境、企业规模、投融资、应用项目、技术创新等不同维度,分析研究全球和我国区块链产业的最新发展态势。     

区块链技术在仲裁中的运用困境及克服

区块链技术应用在仲裁中运用具有趋势性,区块链凭借其独特的透明公开与溯源性,增强其在双方主体之间的信任感。区块链技术带来的独特信息储存机制以及证据保存机制等便利性推动了我国仲裁效率性的发展。虽然区块链的分布式信息及去中心化特点极具优越性,但目前该技术仍处在发展阶段,其去中心化未来发展之路如何与现在我国的中心化监管相互交接是目前的一个难题。另一方面我国面对日新月异的新时代区块链领域,我国仲裁机构对区块链技术的运用尚处于基础阶段。借此在现有基础上提出了区块链前端控制理论及利用区块链技术优势建立符合区块链技术新时代的法律监管制度,使仲裁中的数据以及隐私得到充分保障的同时,大力提高仲裁效率性的可控行为。     

区块链技术应用的安全与监管问题

区块链技术由于具有分布式高冗余存储、时序数据且不可篡改与伪造、去中心化信用等显著特点,因此得到了广泛的应用,但其自身和应用的安全性以及监管问题也日益受到重视。文中对区块链技术的安全问题和监管问题作了剖析,首先收集和分析了各类区块链安全事件,对事件的成因进行归类,并给出了相应的安全防范措施;其次,分析了中国区块链监管的现状,并借鉴了国际上对区块链的监管政策,提出了适合中国国情的区块链监控模式;最后,总结了区块链在监管模式下的技术发展需求。     

区块链即服务:下一个云服务前沿

区块链的本质是分布式账本.它作为比特币的底层技术日益被熟知,具有去中心化、开放性、自治性、信息不可篡改、匿名性的特点.区块链即服务(blockchain as a service)则是把区块链当作基础设施,并在其上搭建各种满足普通用户需求的应用,向用户提供服务.区块链即服务已成为云计算领域的研究重点.研究了区块链即服务最新的技术发展状况,结合行业研究和企业实践探索,对区块链即服务的架构以及各模块功能进行了概要设计说明,为区块链即服务的发展提供了通用架构模型.另外,分析了结合区块链即服务的云计算相关技术特点,并给出了可能的攻击模型.最后,结合行业区块链即服务的应用,对区块链即服务的技术前景进行了展望.     

区块链跨链技术进展研究

随着区块链技术的发展,各种具有不同特点、适用于不同应用场景的区块链如比特币、以太坊等公有链以及私有链、联盟链大量共存.由于区块链的相互独立性,现存各区块链之间的数据通信、价值转移仍面临挑战,价值孤岛现象逐渐显现.区块链的跨链技术是区块链实现互联互通、提升可扩展性的重要技术手段.对跨链技术领域的成果进行了系统总结：首先,分析了跨链技术的需求及面临的技术难点;其次,总结了正在发展的跨链技术,并介绍了24种主流跨链技术的原理与实现思路;然后,综合分析了跨链技术存在的安全性风险,并列举了12项主要问题;最后,总结探讨了跨链技术的未来发展趋势.     

基于赋权交易模型的区块链技术的档案管理研究

为了保障电子档案管理的安全性,基于赋权交易模型的区块链技术对档案管理进行研究。首先建立一个基于区块链技术的框架,具有通用性、易维护性和易搭建性等特点;然后,由于UTXO模型没有解决非确定数值的交易,故针对档案特性对区块链交易中使用的UTXO模型进行改进,提出ET(赋权交易)模型;由于档案管理需要高成本以及高时效性,故采用Fabric的联盟链作为区块生成的方法,以此来降低成本、提高性能。仿真实验结果表明,基于赋权交易模型的区块链技术大大提升了档案管理的稳定性及可用性。     

中国区块链政策环境回顾、分析与展望

区块链技术的去中心化、防篡改等特点,使之成为当下经济、信息全球化发展国家金融、安全空间的科技研究热点,各国纷纷出台相关政策,抢占区块链技术发展制高点。文章回顾了近年来我国区块链发展政策,主要集中于监管和扶持两大方面。我国在区块链政策方面,不仅国家热切关注,而且各地方政府也高度重视,政策数量逐年递增,政策覆盖范围、涉及行业全面。然而,目前我国区块链的发展尚处于早期阶段,未来国家将进一步完善区块链在监管、创新以及标准制定等方面的政策。     

语义区块链研究综述

区块链因具有去中心化、不可窜改、可追溯、集体维护、可编程和安全可信等特点,已应用于金融、物联网、供应链与物流链管理、数字资源版权管理等行业,但因缺乏链间互操作、无法索引查询等问题,极大制约了它的深入应用.语义Web技术和区块链技术融合产生的语义区块链技术,有望解决这些相关问题.为方便研究者系统地了解语义区块链的研究现状和发展趋势,对语义区块链技术进行了综述.首先,分析了区块链对语义Web技术的需求、语义区块链的优点;然后,分析和总结了语义区块链的研究和应用现状,包括区块链本体的设计、区块链数据的语义描述、语义数据的存储、智能合约的语义化、语义区块链的相关应用;最后,对语义区块链的主要研究方向进行了展望.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.