Assessing Ideational and Evaluative Skills and Creative Styles and Attitudes

This article describes the rationale for the multiphase creative problem solving process, and reports the findings from an empirical investigation conducted to facilitate the problem solving of managers. The ideational skills of the managers were assessed before and after training in a complete process of creative problem solving, along with their ideational attitudes, creative problem solving style (i.e., generator, conceptualizer, optimizer, or implementor), and evaluative skill (i.e., ability to recognize original ideas). The most important findings indicated that the training had a significant impact on the evaluative accuracy of the managers. They were significantly more accurate in their judgments about original ideas after training, both in their identification of original ideas and their recognition of unoriginal ideas. After training, the managers also gave more solutions and more original solutions to problems. Finally, several variables (e.g., the “preference for active divergence” attitude, and the conceptualizer process style) seemed to moderate the impact of training. Training was therefore effective, with specific effects that can be predicted from pre-training individual differences in attitudes and process style.     

Semantics and verification of monitors and systems of monitors and processes

In this paper we present a sound and complete semantics for the monitor concept of C.A.R. Hoare. First a method for specification of monitors, introduced by O.-J. Dahl, is reviewed. This method is based on the relation between the historic sequence of monitor procedure calls and the historic sequence of monitor procedure exits. Based on such specifications and our new monitor semantics we present a method by which it is possible to prove that a concrete monitor is an implementation of an abstract one. In the last part of the paper an axiomatic semantics for systems of concurrent processes and monitors is introduced. The method supports verification by separation of concerns: Properties of the communication to and from each process are proven in isolation by a usual Hoare style axiomatic semantics, while abstract monitors are also specified in isolation by the method reviewed in the first part of the paper. These properties of the components of the system are then used in a new proof rule to conclude properties of the complete system. Stein Gjessing received a Ph.D. (actually a Dr. philos.) from the University of Oslo (Norway) in 1985. Presently he is an Associate Professor at the Institute of informatics, University of Oslo, Norway. Dr. Gjessings research interests are in the area of concurrent and distributed programming, operating systems, formal specification and verification and programming languages.     

Integrating and automating analysis and optimization

The development of an interface coupling program on personal computers for an analysis software system such as ANSYS, SAP, etc. and an optimization software system, MOST, is presented. By controlling and directing the communications the interface coupler integrates the two programs while retaining their versatility and interactive features. The integrated system is used to solve a numerical example of active noise control for a three-dimensional enclosure, in which an energy density level of control points is minimized by adding the sound source to cancel the unwanted noise. The interface coupling program automates with relatively low cost the iterative process for designing an engineering system, remaining flexible in acoustical modelling and efficient in equation solving. Also, the coupling interface is developed in a general-purpose way so that it can be expanded easily to integrate more analysis software packages of different kinds.     

面向EAI的高可用性松耦合的扩展JCA架构

企业应用集成(EAI)不可避免的要整合各种异构的数据资源,同时还需要集成业务过程,而JCA则是一种较好的基于J2EE的解决方案。针对现有JCA规范还不成熟、难于使用的问题,主要从企业应用集成的角度对该架构作了一定的扩展,以满足EAI过程中的高可用性和松耦合要求。     

冰雪运动生物力学及其机器人研究进展

随着我国冰雪运动的蓬勃发展和2022年北京冬季奥运会的成功申办,冰雪运动生物力学和冰雪机器人的研究越来越受关注.首先,介绍冰雪环境下摩擦力学的基本理论,进一步,对比不同变量对摩擦系数的影响;其次,讨论冰雪运动中空气阻力的成因,并分析潜在的减阻机制;再次,介绍研究中常用的测量手段和不同维度的建模方法,阐明各类手段和方法的优缺点;最后,回顾冰雪机器人的研究进展,分析冰雪机器人研究领域的技术挑战,展望冰雪机器人未来的研究思路.     

Binary perfect and extended perfect codes of lengths 15 and 16 and of ranks 13 and 14

Inaccuracies in computations in the paper of the authors on classification of perfect binary codes of lengths 15 and 16 and of rank 13 are fixed. An explicit construction of all extended perfect codes of length 16 and rank 13 with a given kernel size is presented. Perfect binary codes of length 15 and rank 14 obtained by the general doubling construction are classified.     

Generating and accepting P systems with minimal left and right insertion and deletion

In this paper we investigate the operations of insertion and deletion performed at the ends of a string. We show that using these operations in a P systems framework (which corresponds to using specific variants of graph control), computational completeness can even be achieved with the operations of left and right insertion and deletion of only one symbol, both in the generating as well as in the accepting case.     

Qualitative and quantitative temporal constraints and relationaldatabases: theory, architecture, and applications

Many different applications in different areas need to deal with both: databases, in order to take into account large amounts of structured data; and quantitative and qualitative temporal constraints about such data. We propose an approach that extends: temporal databases and artificial intelligence temporal reasoning techniques and integrate them in order to face such a need. Regarding temporal reasoning, we consider some results that we proved recently about efficient query answering in the Simple Temporal Problem framework and we extend them in order to deal with partitioned sets of constraints and to support relational database operations. Regarding databases, we extend the relational model in order to consider also qualitative and quantitative temporal constraints both in the data (data expressiveness) and in the queries (query expressiveness). We then propose a modular architecture integrating a relational database with a temporal reasoner. We also consider classes of applications that fit into our approach and consider patient management in a hospital as an example     

网络侦听以及反侦听的原理和实现

首先简要介绍了网络侦听的原理及其潜在的安全隐患,讲述了侦听技术在Unix和Windows环境下的几种实现技术;说明了如何检测侦听器的存在;最后提出了一种切实可行的、用来消除网络侦听的方案。     

航天器交会对接的模型预测与反演制导控制

面向空间交会对接和停靠的任务需求,将航天器相对制导控制系统视为离散时间控制系统.利用系统状态转移模型外推预测相对运动状态偏差,在每个控制周期中推力恒定的假设下,根据轨控作用对系统状态的影响规律,采用广义逆方法反演得到交会对接制导控制序列.对时间约束下的基于空间相对运动状态转移预测与反演的相对制导控制律进行设计,讨论该方法在实际应用中的一些特点.预测与反演制导控制中的控制输出直接表示为轨控加速度,更符合工程实际情况.近圆轨道的交会对接仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能够实现精度更高、更为柔顺平滑的交会对接,在轨控速度增量和推力器输出上也具有更好的工程适用性.     

Rank and select revisited and extended

The deep connection between the Burrows–Wheeler transform (BWT) and the so-called rank and select data structures for symbol sequences is the basis of most successful approaches to compressed text indexing. Rank of a symbol at a given position equals the number of times the symbol appears in the corresponding prefix of the sequence. Select is the inverse, retrieving the positions of the symbol occurrences. It has been shown that improvements to rank/select algorithms, in combination with the BWT, turn into improved compressed text indexes.     

Dataflow computing and eager and lazy evaluations

Eager and lazy evaluations in a dataflow model are proposed, Such evaluation enables nonstrict evaluation, structure data manipulation and nondeterminate computation. Several dataflow computation models are discussed from the viewpoint of their by-value and by-reference mechanisms, i. e., their token to data correspondence. It is shown that effective implementation is achieved by unifying both mechanisms. This implies the effective implementation of the lenient cons and lazy cons concept in list manipulation. Nonstrict list manipulation is shown to be useful for stream-oriented processing, and for nondeterminate computation combined with the nonstrict primitive operator, Arbiter. Several sample programs are included to show that concurrent processes and object-oriented programs can be intuitively described in functional language.     

Geometric and Harmonic Means and Progressions

Geometer Marcus the Marinite explores how the geometric and harmonic means can be employed compositionally within a frame; how means function in the development of organizational field grids; how means work to develop linear perspective and proportional grids.     

Build It (and Customize and Market It) and They Will Come

ABSTRACT

Like other academic libraries, the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh (ULS) continues to invest in providing anytime, anywhere access to research materials in electronic format. While there are obvious benefits for users in this concomitant increase in complexity for these same users, with many of them, especially undergraduates, turning to the speed and simplicity of Google and away from the complexity of library sponsored electronic resources. Seeking ways to both maximize our investment in full text resources, and promote easy access to this universe of electronic resources for our users, the ULS felt strongly that a navigational solution had to be found, and in 2004 began the process of implementing a federated search tool.

This article discusses the collaborative process between the University Library System and its federated search vendor, and discusses the decision making process behind the customizations made by the ULS to its federated search system. The article also addresses the process of working with a professional marketing organization to developing a marketing message and supporting materials to promote its federated search system, and finally briefly looks at usability and usage statistics to assess the degree to which the Zoom! federated search system has met the goal of providing fast, easy access to high quality information. doi:10.1300/J136v12n03_07     

Constructibility and decidability versus domain independence and absoluteness

We develop a unified framework for dealing with constructibility and absoluteness in set theory, decidability of relations in effective structures (like the natural numbers) and domain independence of queries in database theory. Our framework and results suggest that domain-independence and absoluteness might be the key notions in a general theory of constructibility, predicativity and computability.     

面向机器人运动跟踪的电磁定位系统

电磁定位具有精度高、速度快和易实现等优点,所以对手术、室内和室外机器人跟踪是一个良好的选择。电磁定位以交变电磁信号作为源信号。交变的电流信号激励发射线圈（信号激励部件）在空间中产生交变的电磁场,感应线圈（信号感应部件）在交变的电磁场中输出频率相同的信号。根据输出信号的幅值和相位信息,我们可以计算出感应线圈相对于发射线圈的位置和方向信息。本文面向机器人定位跟踪,介绍电磁定位系统的原理与实现,包括磁场模型、电磁定位算法与系统软硬件的搭建与实验。本文介绍两种不同的激励模式,分别为分时激励3轴正交发射线圈模式与同时激励2轴正交发射线圈模式,两种模式中的感应线圈均采用3轴正交线圈。实验结果表明,定位系统可以达到1 mm的定位精度。     

植物生长建模与可视化——回顾与展望

回顾了植物生长的建模与可视化研究.为了加深对不同模型的目的、内涵与局限性的 理解,该文对植物生长模型进行了分类.在植物生长机研究中,对目前常见的分形方法、随机过 程、人工智能等建模方法的特点进行了比较分析.分别介绍了植物仿真与可视化方面的研究进 展及其相关技术,以及植物生长软件的发展状况.最后,总结了该领域研究中存在的主要问题, 并讨论了未来研究与应用方面的发展趋向及其前景.     

Shoulder posture and localized muscle fatigue and discomfort

In many industries workers perform manual assembly tasks with hands postured above the shoulders. Awkward shoulder and arm postures are often viewed as acceptable given costs of workplace modification, postural exertions which are in compliance with current design recommendations, ready availability of strong workers, and numbers of electromyographic studies which fail to detect significant signs of localized muscle fatigue (LMF). An experiment was conducted to: (a) study the onset and severity of (LMF) in the shoulder when performing a stylus-to-hole Fitts reciprocal movement task under a range of postures, hand loads, ratios of work-to-rest, and task durations, and (b) to evaluate the efficacy of three techniques (i.e., changes in EMG behaviour, postural tremor, and cross-modal matching estimates) in detecting and monitoring posturally-based LMF and discomfort in the shoulder complex. Experimental findings showed that posturing hands above shoulder level significantly increased the risk of LMF and postural discomfort even in light-weight manual assembly environs where postural exertions are small, and that cross-modal matching estimates and postural tremor were more sensitive metrics of LMF in the shoulder complex than EMG RMS voltage and mean spectral power frequency metrics. The basis for experimental findings, as well as potential application of LMF metrics in future postural stress investigations, are discussed. Recommendations for workplace posture are provided for job designers facing work height decisions in manual assembly environs.     

网络侵权及违法犯罪行为分析及应对

随着互联网络事业在中国的发展,网络知识产权侵权行为也呈现出侵权主体身份的隐蔽性和侵权行为的跨国性的新趋势。在现有的救济方式尚有缺失的情况下,应当建立一个管辖范围更为广泛的举报网站以维护我国境内互联网络秩序、确保我国互联网络事业健康繁荣的发展。