Design,synthesis and physical properties of poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene)/poly(thiourea-azo-sulfone) blends

A new aromatic azo-polymer, poly(thiourea-azo-sulfone), has been synthesized using 1-(4-thiocarbamoylaminophenylsulfonylphenyl)thiourea and diazonium salt solution. Conducting and thermally stable rubbery blends of poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) (SBS) triblock copolymer and poly(thiourea-azo-sulfone) (PTAS) were produced by solution blending technique. PTAS possessed fine solubility in polar solvents and high molar mass 63 × 10₃ g moL^?1. Microscopic analysis on SBS/PTAS blends revealed good adhesion between the two polymers without macro phase separation. Electrical conductivity measurement recommended that blending of SBS with 60% PTAS was sufficiently conducting 1.43 S cm^?1. A relationship between PTAS loading and thermal stability of blends was observed. With the increasing PTAS content, 10% gravimetric loss was increased from 481 to 497 °C, while glass transition improved from 123 to 136 °C (better than neat SBS but lower than PTAS). The blends also established higher tensile strength (52.40–59.96 MPa) relative to SBS. Fine balance of properties renders new SBS/PTAS, potential engineering plastics for a number of aerospace relevance.     

CPE增容PVC／SBS共混体系的研究

通过冲击试验，应力－应变试验，动态力学分析（ＤＭＡ），扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）及光学显微镜观察，研究了ＣＰＥ增容的ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ－ＳＢＳ共混物的性能与形态结构之间的关系。实验结果表明，ＣＰＥ对ＰＶＣ与ＳＢＳ共混体系有很好的增容作用，ＣＰＥ与ＳＢＳ在一定组成范围内对ＰＶＣ增韧具有协同效应，大幅度地提高共混物的抗冲击性能，尤其是对星型ＳＢＳ体系更加显著。     

弹性体改性高抗冲聚苯乙烯的力学行为：Ⅰ.拉伸和动态力学性能

研究了高抗冲聚苯乙烯（ＨＩＰＳ）同苯乙烯－丁二烯－苯乙烯热塑性弹性体（ＳＢＳ）、丁苯橡胶（ＳＢＲ）、高顺式聚丁二烯橡胶（ＰＢＲ）共混物的拉伸性能及动态力学性质。ＳＢＳ改性的ＨＩＰＳ试样具有最大的断裂能，最大的断裂伸长率，较高的拉伸杨氏模量、屈服强度，屈服点过后有明显的应变硬化现象。ＳＢＲ改性的ＨＩＰＳ也呈现韧性断裂，拉伸过程中有明显的应力发白现象。ＲＢＲ改改ＨＩＰＳ试样表现为脆性断裂，力学性能变劣     

Thermo-mechanical characteristics of thermally aged polyethylene/polypropylene blends

Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and their blends have attracted a lot of attention due to their potential industrial applications. Therefore, the current work has been carried out with the main objective of investigating the impact of the thermal aging/treatment and blend ratio (composition range) on the mechanical (tensile and hardness) and thermal characteristics (using thermogravimetric analysis in a dynamic air atmosphere) of PE, PP and PE/PP binary blends. Samples of PE/PP blends containing 100/00, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100 wt.% were prepared via injection moulding technique and thermally treated/aged at 100 °C for 0, 2, 4, 7, 14 days. The tensile measurements indicated that the yield strength and the modulus decrease with increasing PE content. It was also observed that PE, PP and their blends deform in ductile modes. They undergo a uniform yielding over a wide range of deformation, which is followed by strain hardening and then failure. The strain to break for pure PE is found to be much higher than that for pure PP and for their blends, intermediate values have been observed. The hardness measurements have also revealed that increasing PE content in PE/PP blends reduced the hardness value of PP, however, thermal aging at 100 °C has not affected the polymers hardness which holds also true for the tensile properties, showing a good correlation between tested mechanical properties. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in a dynamic air atmosphere and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) were conducted to study the thermal degradation and stability of thermally unaged and aged PE, PP and PE/PP blends in terms of the initial (T_d and T_d(1%)) and final (T_d(99%)) decomposition temperatures and maximum decomposition rate temperature (T_max). All polymers start to decompose at no less than 365 °C. As for mechanical properties, the blend ratio has affected the thermal properties however, aging time has not.     

EVA增容PVC／PE共混体系的研究

采用乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（ＥＶＡ）作为聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）／高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）共混物的增容剂，通过冲击实验、拉伸实验、动态力学分析和扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ），系统地研究了共混体系的性能与其形态结构之间的关系。结果表明，ＥＶＡ是ＰＶＣ／ＨＤＰＥ良好的增容剂，在一定范围内，ＥＶＡ与ＰＥ对ＰＶＣ有协同增韧效应     

PVC/PA1010/SBS-g-MAH共混体系研究

制备了ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ接枝聚合物,并对其进行了表征,以ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ作为ＰＶＣ／ＰＡ１０１０共混体系的增剂,对不同配比的ＰＶＣ／ＰＡ１０１０／ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ共混体系的物理力学性能,流变性及差热性等进行了研究,结果表明,ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ接枝聚合物对ＰＶＣ／ＰＡ１０１０共混体系起到了明显的增容作用,得到了缺口冲击强度及拉伸强度均较高的ＰＶＣ／ＰＡ１０１０／ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ共混物。     

嵌段共聚物在共混体系中的增容作用研究II.PS-b-PMMA对PVC/SBS共混体系相态结构的影响

合成了一系列分子量和单体组成比不同的聚苯乙烯 -聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯两嵌段共聚物 ( PS- b- PMMA)作为PVC/SBS共混体系的增容剂。系统研究了 PVC/SBS的组成比、增容剂的用量以及增容剂的分子结构等因素与共混体系相态结构之间的关系。结果表明 ,增容剂的不同结构对共混体系的相态结构影响很大 ,在所合成的 4种增容剂中 ,分子量相对较小 ,分子内聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段的分子量与聚苯乙烯嵌段的分子量比较接近的增容剂分子 ,具有更好的增容效果 ,其增容的共混体系具有典型的韧性特征。     

Synergisms of mechanical properties in blends of semi-crystalline polymers

The structure-property relationship of highly oriented polypropylene (PP) blends were investigated. The as prepared blends consist of very thin sandwiched layers of both the components. After annealing the blends above the melting point of polyethylene (PE) and cooling them to room temperature, an increase in mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture stress) is observed. The synergisms of the mechanical properties are explained by a structural model based on transmission electron micrographs.     

嵌段共聚物的共混体系中的增容作用研究：Ⅲ.PS—b—P …

采用自制的一系列分子呈和单体组成比不同的聚苯乙烯－聚甲基丙烯酯甲酯两嵌段共聚物（ＰＳ－ｂ－ＰＭＭＡ）作为ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＳ共混体系的增容剂。研究增容剂的用量、ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＳ的组成比以及增容剂的分子结构等因素与共混体系动态力学性能之间的关系。结果表明,增容效果与增容剂的分子结构有密切关系,在所合成的４种增容剂中,分子量相对较小,分子内聚甲基丙烯酸甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段的分子量与聚苯乙烯嵌的分子量比较接近的Ｐ     

Dynamic mechanical behavior of polymer modified bitumen

The dynamic mechanical behaviour of bitumen (BIT) modified with styrene/butadiene/styrene block copolymer (SBS) were investigated. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were performed in the temperature range –80 to 60 °C. The primary viscoelastic functions were determined at the traffic frequency, 5 Hz. The BIT+SBS blends were investigated in creep fatigue regime at temperature 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C. Dynamic mechanical behaviour of BIT+SBS blends depends on their morphological characteristics, number of phases, phase compositions and phase content in blend, as well as time and temperature. The curves of primary viscoelastic functions, storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E′′) and loss tangent (tg δ) vs. temperature of polymer modified bitumen differ from unmodified bitumen and indicate the presence of the swollen polybutadiene and polystyrene phases in bitumen phase. The curve E′ vs. temperature of polymer modified bitumen show the rubbery plateau. With the increment of SBS content the rubbery plateau is shifted to high temperatures. At the constant load the creep values of BIT-SBS blends increase and those of creep modulus decrease over a period of time. These effect are more pronounced in samples with higer content of SBS. The time-temperature correspondence principle was applied to create master curves for the reference temperature 10 °C for the creep modulus of BIT + SBS blends. The data were analysed using WLF and Arrhenius equations. Electronic Publication     

具有高界面压应力的高分子共混物Ⅰ.制备和拉伸性能

考察了高界面压应力对不相容聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚乙烯(PE)和聚碳酸酯(PC)/PE共混物拉伸性能的影响.高界面压应力是共混物低温成型(PE的成型温度)时,分散相与基体从加工温度冷却到室温过程中基体的收缩比分散相粒子大产生的.尽管PET/PE和PC/PE共混物极不相容,但拉伸强度和模量随着PET和PC含量增加而增加.PET与PC含量相同时,PC/PE的拉伸强度和模量高于PET/PE的.采用Takayanangi方程计算共混物的拉伸模量时,具有高界面压应力的PC/PE共混物的拉伸强度高于界面有良好粘结的共混物的理论值,表明在不添加增容剂时,可通过控制加工条件改善共混物界面相互作用,提高共混材料的性能.     

含磺酸基的主链液晶离聚物对PBT/PE共混体系的增容增强作用

将液晶单体对苯二甲酸二-(4-羧基苯)酯(M1)与1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇和亮黄(By)合成了一种含有磺酸基的主链液晶离聚物(LCI).将LCI与聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),聚乙烯(PE)进行熔融共混制备了PBT/PE/LCI共混物.所合成的共混物通过DSC、三维红外图像系统和拉伸试验等方法进行了热性...     

Manufacture and research of TPS/PE biocomposites properties

In this paper the process of native starch preparing for modification by extrusion and manufacture of biocomposites is presented. The first aim of this study was to determine the mixing and granulating condition of native starch to obtain granulated native starch. For mixing and granulation of native starch Intensive Mixer manufactured by Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich was used. Mixing and granulation in a single process is a new method of preparation of powders for other processing. The main task of granulation is the elimination of dust emissions and the increase in density of powders. Granules are easy for dosage and more handy for transport and storage than powders, which is important from a technological point of view.The second aim of this study was to manufacture TPS/PE biocomposites. At first thermal modification of waxy maize starch was carried out with the use of a co-rotating twin screw extruder. During extrusion native starches have been deprived of their crystallinity and the obtained starch (TPS) has fully amorphous structure. XRD analysis revealed that semi crystalline phase of native starch after extrusion disappeared. During extrusion crystal structure of native starch is transformed into amorphous structure of thermoplastic starch (TPS), which was confirmed by XRD analysis.Reactive extrusion of obtained thermoplastic starch and high density polyethylene (HDPE) in the presence of polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) was done. To modify properties of TPS/PE blend polycaprolactone (PCL) was added in amount of 5 and 10 wt.%. The mass flow rate, static mechanical properties, thermal properties and morphology of obtained biocomposites were examined. The results show that the increased amount of TPS caused an increase in tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of prepared biocomposites. Addition of PCL to TPS/PE blends decreased tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Moreover, higher amount of TPS and PCL in TPS/PE blends caused decrease of the elongation at break. On the other hand, using of PE-g-MA in TPS/PE blends cause increasing phase compatibility, which was confirmed by mechanical properties and morphology measurements.Biocomposites filled with higher TPS content (45 and 60 wt.%) possess lower resistance to hydrolytic degradation, which cause decrease of mechanical properties.It was found that higher amount of TPS in TPS/PE blends have small effect on mass flow rate and thermal properties estimated by differential scanning calorimetry (i.e. melting temperature, degree of crystallinity, melting enthalpy). This phenomenon have significant influence on processing of obtained biocomposites.     

FPE／CPE／PVC体系的界面粘结力、形态结构与性能的关系

用ＦＴ－ＩＲ光谱证实发了ＰＶＣ与ＦＥ-g-DBM(下称ＦＰＥ,用固相接枝法自制的固接枝物）之间存在着氢键和偶极－偶极的作用,其中以氢键作用为主。测定了ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ／ＰＥ和ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ／ＦＰＥ合金的力学性能,用ＤＳＣ、相衬显微镜及ＳＥＭ表征了这两个体系的形态结构、研究了共混物中界面粘结力与与形态结构、合金性能的相互关系。     

Grafting effects of polypropylene/polyethylene blends with maleic anhydride on the properties of the resulting wood-plastic composites

In the presented study, polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene (PE) were blended at the ratios of 80/20 and 20/80 to simulate recycled waste thermoplastic mixtures. The effects of in situ grafting of PP/PE blends with maleic anhydride through the extruder on the mechanical and rheological properties of resulting wood/plastic composites were investigated. Different ratios of PP and PE in the blends created distinct properties in the resulting composites. Grafting of PP and PE blends improved the tensile and flexure properties of the resulting composites. The composites exhibited a reduced water uptake and resultant dimensional swelling due to grafting with maleic anhydride. Grafting of the blends also considerably improved the interfacial bonding and enhanced the dispersion of wood in the matrix, as evidenced by rheological analysis and scanning electron microscopy.     

Fracture behavior and environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) of HIPS/PE blends and the effect of compatibilization on their properties

Attempts have been made to study the fracture behavior and environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) of HIPS/PE blends. The effect of compatibilization on their properties was also studied. EWF tests were conducted to measure the essential specific work of fracture (w_e) and non-essential specific work of fracture (βw_p). The ESCR of the samples was investigated using a special modified tensile creep test under an aggressive environment (sunflower oil). It was found that EWF methodology could be applied to uncompatibilized and compatibilized HIPS/PE blends as well as HIPS. The essential specific work of fracture of compatibilized HIPS/PE blends was higher than uncompatibilized HIPS/PE blends and pure HIPS, while its non-essential work of fracture was higher than uncompatibilized blends and lower than pure HIPS. The results also showed that the ESCR of HIPS decreases with incorporation of PE, but an effective compatibilization of this blend increases its ESCR even higher than pure HIPS. The different properties of compatibilized and uncompatibilized blends and HIPS, in EWF and ESCR tests, were attributed to the different mechanisms of fracture in these materials. The different mechanisms of fracture were justified using morphological studies performed on fracture surfaces of each sample. SEM images showed that there is a reasonable correlation between mechanisms of fracture and microstructure of the samples.     

Polymer modified bitumen: Optimization and selection

Polymer modification of bitumen has been commonly performed since the 1980s in order to decrease bitumen (and pavement) susceptibility to high and low temperatures, allowing reduction in common failure mechanisms as rutting and cracking. Bitumen modification has been commonly performed by addition of thermoplastic or elastomeric polymers. However, there are just a few studies on bitumen blends using multiple materials, seeking for specific advantages provided by addition of these modifiers. This work describes the results obtained after the preparation of multicomponent polymer-bitumen blends (MC) based on an 80/100 penetration grade bitumen with varying amounts of (i) Polyethylene wax (PW); (ii) Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene copolymer (SBS); and (iii) crumb rubber (CR). Ideal blends depending on the amount of polymer modifiers added were found by using an experimental design procedure. It was possible to propose charts allowing optimizing and selecting appropriate polymer modified bitumens (PMB) depending on target properties for a given application by following Ashby’s materials selection methodology.     

Crystalline order in rubber-modified thermoplastics

The crystalline order in blends of thermoplastics such as polyethylene (PE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with trans octenylene rubber (TOR) has been investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering. Interface distribution functions have been used to evaluate the SAXS. It was found, that the crystal morphology depends strongly on sample composition. At 10% TOR content both thermoplastics change their supermolecular structure in a characteristic way: while in the PE/TOR blends the crystal morphology of polyethylene becomes bimodal, the lamellar order is increased in the iPP/TOR blends. This behaviour is a consequence of finer dispersion of TOR in the matrix which causes the interface area to increase.     

HDPE/LDPE/SBS高耐应力开裂复合材料亚微相态-力学性能-流变性能的研究(Ⅰ)

HDPE易受环境的影响产生应力开裂,这限制了其在工业上的应用.本文通过HDPE与SBS,LDPE混合,制得一系列不同组分的高分子合金.分析了其球晶结构和拉伸力学性质并用扫描电镜观察断口形态,并与最终测得的耐环境应力开裂时间进行比较.结果表明,共混体系耐应力开裂性能比纯HDPE有很大提高,而且应力开裂性能与材料的强度和球晶形态密切相关,强度较大且球晶小而不规则者,其耐环境应力开裂性能较好.     

RPS/PE反应性共混研究

用ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、ＧＰＣ研究了侧基含有过氧键的活性聚苯乙烯与聚乙烯之间的反频，用ＳＥＭ观察了共混物的断面形态。结果表明，ＲＰＳ／ＰＥ共混反应中生成ＰＳ－ｇ－ＰＥ，对ＰＥ／ＰＳ共混物具有增容作用，提高了共混物的力学性能。