Carrier Frequency Offset and I/Q Imbalance Compensation for MB-OFDM Based UWB System

Two types of wireless communication system imperfections, namely carrier frequency offset (CFO) and in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalance, are addressed in this paper. We propose an efficient time domain CFO and I/Q imbalance estimation and compensation scheme for multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based ultra-wideband system. In this scheme, a data-aided CFO estimation algorithm, which is robust to a large I/Q imbalance, is presented. Also, a time domain I/Q imbalance estimation algorithm based on partially CFO compensated preambles is introduced. Finally a two-step joint CFO and I/Q imbalance compensation scheme is developed. Taking full advantage of the ECMA-368 preamble symbols, the proposed scheme is competent for large I/Q imbalance (2-dB gain error and 20-deg Phase error) and carrier frequency offset (50 ppm), and the results are confirmed by simulations.     

Subcarrier allocation based compensation for carrier frequency offset and I/Q imbalances in OFDM systems

We propose a novel subcarrier allocation (SCA) based approach for compensating carrier frequency offset (CFO) and I/Q imbalances in direct-conversion OFDM receivers. From the matrix representation of OFDM signals with CFO and I/Q imbalances, maximum likelihood CFO estimation and the associated SCA are given. Then, an SCA-based algorithm is proposed for the I/Q imbalances compensation. Moreover, the proposed approach is extended to a blind compensation scheme for OFDM signals with asymmetric SCA.     

Joint estimation of carrier frequency offset, dc offset and I/Q imbalance for OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with direct-conversion receiver (DCR) are vulnerable to carrier frequency offset (CFO), dc offset (DCO) and in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance. In this paper, we propose blind estimator for joint estimation of CFO, DCO and I/Q imbalance in OFDM systems with DCR. Simulation results show that performance of proposed estimator approaches Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) asymptotically, which demonstrates its effectiveness.     

Low-complexity pilot-aided compensation for carrier frequency offset and I/Q imbalance

We propose a novel pilot-aided compensation scheme for carrier frequency offset (CFO) and I/Q imbalance. The proposed scheme comprises a generalized periodic pilot and a low-complexity acquisition algorithm, where the CFO and the coefficients for I/Q imbalance compensation can be obtained in explicit closed-form.     

Multiple Invariance MUSIC-Based Blind Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDM System with Multi-Antenna Receiver

In this paper, we address the problem of carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with multi-antenna receiver. The received signal can be reconstructed to form data model with multi-invariance property, and then a multi-invariance MUSIC algorithm for CFO estimation is proposed. This algorithm has better performance of CFO estimation than ESPRIT method, multi-invariance ESPRIT method and trilinear decomposition algorithm, and also qualifies the estimation for both integer CFO and fractional CFO. Simulation results illustrate validity of this algorithm.     

Analysis and design of joint CFO/channel estimate techniques for a cooperative STBC‐OFDM system

This paper studies the joint estimation technique of carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel information for a distributed decode‐and‐forward (DF) cooperative space‐time block‐coded (STBC) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. For the considered relay system, we provide theoretical analysis of the effects upon the output signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), which is caused by the CFO/channel estimation error. Based on the provided analytical results, a joint CFO/channel estimation scheme is then developed, where the CFO estimate is achieved by a multiple‐dimensional linear search algorithm. Furthermore, we propose an alternative estimation solution with iteration approach being designed for the CFO estimation prior to the channel estimation. In contrast to the former estimator, the iterative method enjoys the advantage of the substantially reduced implementation complexity without sacrificing the estimate performance. The conducted computer simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.     

SOQPSK-TG信号的EM半盲载波频偏估计

针对成形偏移四相相移键控-TG(Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying-Telemetry Group version, SOQPSK-TG)信号在训练序列长度受限时频偏估计精度较低的问题,利用双二进制分解(Doubinary Decomposition, DBD)原理提出基于期望最大化(Expectation Maximization, EM)的SOQPSK半盲载波频偏(Carrier Frequency Offset, CFO)估计算法。为了确保EM算法收敛到预期性能范围,使用基于非线性四次方码元定时估计算法的非数据辅助频偏估计方法优化了EM算法初始点选择。仿真实验结果表明,该算法相比于使用训练序列进行数据辅助估计的方法,在不增加辅助数据数量的前提下能够进一步提升CFO估计的精度,并在较高信噪比下拥有接近序列总长度所对应的克拉美罗界(Cramér-Rao Bound, CRB)的优秀性能。     

OFDM水声通信中基于SPM原理的载波频偏估计

水声通信中由水声信道的时变性或本地振荡器失配所引起的载波频偏(CFO)非常普遍,这使得正交频分复用(OFDM)在高速通信中的应用面临严重挑战.因为CFO破坏了OFDM子载波间的正交性,产生严重的子载波间干扰(ICI),从而使得系统无法工作.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于信号相位匹配(SPM)原理的OFDM载波频偏估计方法...     

An HαFilter Based Approach to Combat Inter-Carrier Interference for OFDM Systems

In this paper, an extended H_infin filter-based carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimator is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The design criterion of the proposed estimator is to minimize the effect of worst-case disturbances (noise and model error) on the CFO estimation errors. This data-aided CFO estimator does not require any statistical knowledge of the disturbances. Moreover, its computational complexity is similar to that of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) method. Simulation results show that the proposed method can combat ICI effectively and obtain better bit error rate (BER) performance in the unknown noise for OFDM systems.     

Research on carrier frequency offset estimation algorithm based on PN sequence preamble in OFDM system

Carrier frequency offset (CFO) due to Doppler frequency shift or frequency mismatch between the transmitter’s and receiver’s oscillators can introduce severe inter-symbol and inter-carrier interference into OFDM systems. A simplified OFDM system model is considered to analyze effects of CFO in theory and simulation. The article briefly reviews some traditional CFO estimation algorithms. Relying on relatively good correlation characteristic of pseudo-noise (PN) sequence, the PN preamble based algorithm of CFO estimation is developed. Performance characteristics of traditional and the new improved algorithms are simulated under different conditions. Results indicate that the PN preamble based algorithm of CFO estimation is more accurate, resource-saving and robust even under poor communications channel condition, such as low SNR and big normalized CFO.     

One-tap wideband I/Q compensation for zero-IF filters

The I/Q imbalance is one of the performance bottlenecks in transceivers with stringent requirements imposed by applications such as 802.11a. The mismatch between the frequency responses of two analog low-pass filters, used, e.g., for channel selection in zero-IF receivers, makes this I/Q imbalance frequency dependent. Usually, frequency-dependent I/Q mismatch is estimated and corrected by adaptive techniques, which are complex to implement and may converge slowly due to noise. In this work, a simple, delay-based I/Q compensation scheme is proposed based on an extensive statistical analysis. Its digital implementation uses only two coefficients, which are tuned by a one-step two-tone error estimation. Simulations show that this hardware-efficient scheme significantly reduces the I/Q imbalance.     

Scattered Pilots and Virtual Carriers Based Frequency Offset Tracking for OFDM Systems: Algorithms, Identifiability, and Performance Analysis

In this paper, we propose a novel carrier frequency offset (CFO) tracking algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems by exploiting scattered pilot carriers and virtual carriers embedded in the existing OFDM standards. Assuming that the channel remains constant during two consecutive OFDM blocks and perfect timing, a CFO tracking algorithm is proposed using the limited number of pilot carriers in each OFDM block. Identifiability of this pilot based algorithm is fully discussed under the noise free environment, and a constellation rotation strategy is proposed to eliminate the c-ambiguity for arbitrary constellations. A weighted algorithm is then proposed by considering both scattered pilots and virtual carriers. We find that, the pilots increase the performance accuracy of the algorithm, while the virtual carriers reduce the chance of CFO outlier. Therefore, the proposed tracking algorithm is able to achieve full range CFO estimation, can be used before channel estimation, and could provide improved performance compared to existing algorithms. The asymptotic mean square error (MSE) of the proposed algorithm is derived and simulation results agree with the theoretical analysis.     

Joint Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation and Compensation for Downlink Group-Orthogonal Multicarrier CDMA

A carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation and compensation method is proposal for downlink group-orthogonal multicarrier code-division multiple-access (GO-MC-CDMA) system. The proposed algorithm has taken into consideration both the inherent orthogonality among subcarriers of different groups of GO-MC-CDMA system and the characteristics of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) demodulation are taken into consideration. The CFO estimation is achieved by searching the value which minimizes the cost function constructed in terms of performing FFT on the interfering signals. Simulation results show that the estimated value of CFO is very close to the real value for the downlink GO-MC-CDMA system. In addition, it is shown that the bit error rate (BER) performance is improved significantly by CFO compensation.     

Data-aided approach to I/Q mismatch and DC offset compensation in communication receivers

A digital signal processing technique for compensating both the I/Q mismatch and the DC offset in communication receivers is derived with an emphasis on direct-conversion architectures. The I/Q mismatch and DC offset are estimated in a least-squares sense using a training sequence. Also, a group of training sequences that minimizes the mean square error of the estimate is determined. The advantages of the proposed technique are demonstrated through computer simulation.     

Novel Blind Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation Algorithm for OFDM System Via Generalized Precoding

In this letter, we develop a blind carrier frequency offset (CFO) algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems by utilizing a generalized precoding. Generalized precoding is employed to obtain multiple covariance matrices, and then a CFO estimation algorithm for OFDM system using joint diagonalization is proposed. Comparing to estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) method, the algorithm that we presented has improved CFO estimation performance. Furthermore, our algorithm even works well without virtual carrier. Simulation results illustrate performance of this algorithm.     

基于连续符号平均功率方差最小化的CM-OFDM系统盲载波频偏估计算法

针对数字信号在正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中传输受载波频率偏移(CFO)敏感的问题,提出一种基于连续符号平均功率方差最小化的恒模OFDM（CM-OFDM）系统盲载波频偏估计算法。该算法基于频域信号恒模特性构造出代价函数,通过试验三个频偏估计量对CM-OFDM系统中的时域信号进行补偿,并最终采用蒙特卡罗的方法估计出CFO。此外,利用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）的正反变换构成一个酉矩阵,从而降低算法计算过程的复杂度。仿真表明,提出的算法有效的提高了CFO估计的性能,并且具有较好的鲁棒性。      

OFDM盲载波间干扰抑制与同步算法研究

针对载波频偏引起的子载波间干扰问题,提出一种基于独立分量分析的OFDM载波频率同步算法。本算法直接实现载波频率同步,可以避免基于导频机制的频偏估计和由频偏估计误差带来的频谱效率降低与性能损失。首先建立含频偏OFDM独立分量分析模型,然后从最大似然原则得到分离的代价函数,结合自然梯度优化得到OFDM源信号实现载波频率同步。理论分析表明,提出的算法不仅具有基于最大似然的频偏补偿性能而且提高了系统的输出信噪比。最后,仿真分析证明了算法的有效性。      

高阶QAM调制下OFDM的载波与采样频偏联合纠正

采用高阶QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)调制的正交频分复用(OFDM,Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing)系统,相对于低阶调制来说,密集的星座点分布更容易受到载波频偏与采样频偏的影响.本文分析了高阶QAM OFDM系统对频率同步精度的要求,提出了一种载波与采样频偏联合纠正的方法,并分别针对时不变多径信道和块衰落多径Rician信道给出了频偏估计的均方误差解析表达式.均方误差的理论分析与计算机仿真结果吻合;误比特率性能仿真表明,频偏纠正后的误比特率性能与无频偏情况比较,差异小于1dB.     

Unitary-ESPRIT Algorithm for Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for Interleaved OFDMA Uplink Systems

The carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation is an important task for orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) systems. Making use of the intrinsic periodic structure of the received signal samples, an effective Unitary-ESPRIT algorithm based on unitary transformation technique is proposed for the CFO estimation problem. Compared with other recently proposed CFO estimation approaches, the proposed algorithm offers a number of advantages. Firstly, the presented approach can reduce the computation complexity considerably, since it is efficiently formulated in terms of real-valued computation except for the data preprocessing. Secondly, it can provide better CFO estimation performance by incorporating the data stacking technology and the unitary transformation, etc. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.     

Blind Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDM System with Multiple Antennas using Multiple-invariance Properties

In this paper, we address the problem of carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communications systems with multiple antennas. We reconstruct the received signal to form data model with multi-invariance property, and subsequently derive a multiple-invariance ESPRIT algorithm for CFO estimation. This algorithm has improved CFO estimation compared to ESPRIT method and maximum likelihood method. Simulation results illustrate performance of this algorithm.