The Rare Earth Aluminium Alloys in China

The development and application of rare earth aluminium alloys began in the 1960s in China.The represen-tative work was the usage of rare earth metals in alumino-silicon alloys for piston.In the 1970s,its initial stage.rare earths were used in enhanced AIMgSi alloy transmission line and FeCr Al alloy electric heating wire.Duringits developing period(from 1980 to 1985),in the field of smelting,after the electrolytic preparation of RE-Almaster alloys at relatively low temperature,a new technique was invented that rare earth compounds were addedto commercial aluminium electrowinning cell to produce RE-Al alloys directly.It opened the way for the appli-cation of rare earths in industry on a large scale.In the field of application,it was found that the addition ofrare earths could improve the conductivity and processing property of aluminium alloys.The application of rareearths to aluminium conductors and products had made a breakthrough progress.Since 1986,its golden age,thestudy,production and application of aluminium alloys containing rare earths have been developing at an amazingspeed,running neck and neck with the application of RE in agriculture,textile dyeing,and cast iron.     

Development of Strip Casting Technology in Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Alloys and Hydrogen Storage Alloys in China

The SC technique is now being applied widely in material preparation, especially in rare earth functional materials in virtue of its advanced process and high performance product. The applications of SC technique in rare earth permanent magnet alloys and hydrogen storage alloys were analyzed integrative, on the basis of summary of SC technique development in this paper. The paper mainly includes development history of SC technology, effect of SC technology on alloy microstructure, application of SC technology in RE storage hydrogen alloy and sintered Nd-Fe-B alloy, development of SC equipment and SC product industry. At the same time, the paper points out the existing problem of SC products.     

黑色风化物的物理化学性质及稀土配分研究

某稀土矿产生的黑色风化物，是一种稀土以胶态相赋存的新稀土资源。黑色风化物主要由锰、铁，稀土和铅组成，形成锰铁氧化物非晶质的高聚合度无机高分子。黑色风化物强烈地选择铈族轻稀土，与矿区产的矿石和氟碳铈矿稀土配分相近，但黑色风化物含中重稀土最高，矿石次之，氟碳铈矿最低。     

非水溶剂电还原制取重稀土金属及合金的研究现状及发展

随着重稀土元素对铝、镁、铜、镍及钢铁等金属材料的功能化作用被广泛关注,使得作为战略性资源的重稀土元素在金属合金材料的应用领域拓展空间巨大.在此背景下,作为改性元素的重稀土金属及合金的市场需求必然猛增.由于重稀土单质自身的高熔点,混熔法、真空热还原法一直是生产制备重稀土金属及合金的主要方法,寻求一条低成本、高效、绿色的制备方法则至关重要.由于熔盐电化学还原法在生产低熔点轻稀土及合金工艺方面具有经济、高效等优势,近年来,通过熔盐电解方式直接制取低熔点的重稀土合金成为国内外学者研究的热点,从目前取得进展来看,具有广阔的发展前景.针对国内外重稀土金属及合金的熔盐电解法制取的研究现状进行了评述,从体系物理化学性质、电极过程机理、模拟计算等几个方面做了简要的总结和分析,以期对重稀土合金材料的制备研究提供有益的帮助.      

Progress in green and efficient enrichment of rare earth from leaching liquor of ion adsorption type rare earth ores

Ion adsorption type rare earth ores (IATREOs) are a valuable strategic mineral resource in China, which feature a complete composition of fifteen rare earth elements and are rich in medium and heavy rare earth (RE) elements. In the leaching process for recovering rare earth elements from IATREOs, many impurities will be leached together with rare earth elements and enter the leaching liquor. An impurity removal-precipitation enrichment technique is currently applied to selectively recovery rare earth elements from the leaching liquor with the high content of impurities and low concentration of rare earth elements by using ammonium bicarbonate in the industry. However, a high loss of rare earth elements and severe ammonia nitrogen pollution are caused by this process. Therefore, more beneficial impurities removal technologies, mainly for aluminum, and green enrichment technologies with lower pollution are now urgently needed. For this purpose, this paper analyzed two aspects of research progress in recent decades: the green separation of rare earth elements and aluminum from leaching liquor and the green and efficient enrichment of rare earth elements. Finally, an approach for the high-efficiency and green enrichment of rare earth elements from leaching liquor of the IATREOs is proposed in several aspects, including impurity inhibition leaching, neutralization and impurity removal, alkaline calcium and magnesium salt precipitation enrichment, and centrifugal extraction enrichment.     

稀土在铝和铝合金中应用的研究及进展

稀土元素作为微量元素加入铝及其合金中,不仅有细化晶粒的变质作用,还有净化熔体、减少气体含量及氧化夹杂的精炼效果,从而可显著改善和提高铝及其合金的综合性能.分析讨论了稀土在铝及铝合金中的作用,论述了稀土在铝及铝合金中的开发应用现状,展望了稀土铝合金的发展前景.     

溴酸钾氧化甲基绿催化光度法测定痕量钯

研究了稀硫酸介质中痕量Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）催化溴酸钾氧化甲基绿的褪色反应及动力学条件，建立了高灵敏度测定痕量Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）的新催化光度法。方法的灵敏度为５６７×１０－１２ｇ／ｍｌ，线性范围为０～０１μｇ／２５ｍｌ。用于测定矿石中的痕量钯，结果较好。     

Effects of RE on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Hot-Extruded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Effects of rare earth (RE) additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of the wrought AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that, by adding 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0% RE elements, the as-cast microstructure can be refined, and the as-cast alloys‘ elongation and tensile strength can be improved. After extrusion, the alloy with 0.3 % and 0.6% RE additions obtain a finer microstructure and the best mechanical properties, but the alloy with 1.0% RE addition has the coarse A1-RE compound particles in grain boundaries which decreased elongation and tensile properties. Usually, Rare earth (RE) elements were used to improve the creep properties of aluminium-containing magnesium pressure die cast alloys at elevated temperatures. In this paper, it is also found that the high temperature strength of extruded materials can be increased by RE elements additions.     

稀土在汽车尾气净化中的应用

阐述了汽车尾气催化净化工艺中用稀土代替贵金属的必要性和可能性。叙述了三元（效）催化剂的类型和组成，稀土在三元催化剂中的作用及其应用前景和市场潜力。指出开发稀土三元催化剂并使之产业化有利于解决我国严重的环保问题，有利于我国稀土工业向高技术产业转轨。     

近年稀土钢研究进展与加速研发新思路

通过对近几年来稀土钢发展相关文献的调研,统计了稀土相关论文、专利增长数量和应用领域分布,分析了稀土钢的研发进展。结果表明,无论是基础研究还是应用领域拓展,稀土钢近年来都得到迅速发展,稀土电工钢和稀土TWIP钢成为最热门的研发钢种,但稀土添加工艺等关键技术的不足,以及有待发展的稀土钢研发方法,延缓了稀土钢的发展与应用。稀土钢生产实践表明各种稀土添加工艺中连铸结晶器喂线法是钢铁连铸生产最有效的稀土添加方法,稀土电渣重熔工艺对生产重大装备制造用大型铸件具有重要应用价值。介绍了有关引入材料基因组工程先进研究理念,发展高通量计算与模拟、高通量制备与表征研究方法,建立稀土钢数据库,加快稀土钢研发的新思路。     

高丰度稀土永磁材料的研究现状与展望

随着稀土永磁材料应用领域的扩大及需求量的猛增,导致关键稀土元素(Pr、Nd、Dy、Tb)的过度使用,而高丰度稀土元素(La、Ce、Y)却不断积压.高丰度稀土永磁材料不仅可以降低成本,还可实现稀土资源综合平衡利用,出于国家战略安全和原材料成本角度考虑,高性价比的高丰度稀土永磁材料的研究与开发势在必行.近年来,大量学者对高丰度稀土永磁材料的高值化利用展开了广泛研究.然而,在不同成分合金中,其主相热稳定性、第二相种类、相析出行为、价态、微量元素的偏聚冶金行为等方面均与目前广泛使用的Nd基商业磁体存在较大差异.综述了高丰度稀土永磁材料的相结构、磁性能、微观结构和耐蚀性能等研究现状,并为其进一步开发与利用提出了建议.      

我国独具特色的稀土电工铝和铝稀土合金

中国稀土铝导体和铝稀土合金研究，开发和应用过程概况，稀土导电铝和稀土铝合金的特性；铝稀土合金应用领域逐步扩大，稀土消费量迅速增加；制取铝稀土合金系列的新思想和新工艺过程；稀土添加剂在铝和铝合金中的作用；某些值得注意的问题。     

稀土铝合金结晶过程的研究

半固态成型正在成为有色金属成型的一种新技术.目前大部分铝合金是为了满足液态成型或塑性成型的特性而设计的,难以较好地满足半固态成型的特性要求,因此,设计出新的铝合金以满足半固态成型要求就十分必要.为此,本文讨论了稀土元素对铝结晶过程的影响.实验结果表明:在纯铝中加入稀土元素后,不但使合金的结晶温度区间加宽,而且使合金的结晶时间延长,这样将有利于半固态成型技术的实现.     

稀土尾矿库周边地下水中稀土元素含量测定与分布规律的研究

现行的地下水监测方法中,常利用水溶性稀土元素的含量判断其生态效应,而吸附在固体颗粒物、胶体及微生物上的稀土元素在检测中往往被忽略。本实验采用不同孔径的滤膜对尾矿库周边地下水进行连续过滤,测定滤上物及滤液中稀土元素含量,并对其进行了归一化处理,进而分析地下水中稀土元素的分布模式。结果表明,0.45μm滤膜滤上物中稀土元素含量远高于0.45μm滤液中稀土元素含量。滤后水样中稀土元素含量随滤膜孔径减小而降低,其分布规律均表现为Ce负异常,Eu正异常,但水体中稀土元素与理化指标间的相关性发生了改变。说明经过不同孔径滤膜处理后,水体中稀土元素与固体颗粒物的络合性质发生改变。因此,只分析水溶性稀土元素含量来判断地下水中稀土元素生态效应是有失偏颇的。     

新试剂二溴羧基偶氮氯膦用作镁、稀土的显色剂Ⅱ.光度测定稀土的研究和应用

本文建立了一种测定球墨铸铁中稀土总量的分析方法.在硝酸介质中,稀土元素与二溴羧基偶氮氯膦生成蓝色配合物,其最大吸收峰在645nm处.比尔定律范围是10～16μgRE/25ml,方法选择性好,可不经分离直接测定球墨铸铁中稀土总量.     

Application status and development prospect of rare earth in electrical steels

Rare earth(RE) plays a unique and irreplaceable important role in iron and steel.The developments in both basic research and application of RE steel are rapid in recent years.Especially, RE electrical steels attracts more and more attention.However, the relevant research is still in the exploration stage, and it is urgent to carry out systematic and in- depth research work. Based on the recent research results about the application of RE in electrical steels, the research status of RE in electrical steels under modern technical conditions and the effect mechanism of RE in electrical steels were summarized. The application of RE in conventional non- oriented electrical steels, grain- oriented electrical steels and Fe- 6. 5 mass% Si high- silicon electrical steels were discussed respectively. A large number of studies show that the addition of RE in electrical steels can significantly improve the magnetic properties, mechanical properties and texture of electrical steels.There is a broad application prospect of RE in the improvement of magnetic and mechanical properties for electrical steels, and the development of RE electrical steels with Chinese resources?? characteristics has an important academic value and a practical significance.     

稀土新材料及其在高技术领域的应用

本文简要叙述了稀土新材料及其在高技术领域的应用,并进行了简要分析,认为提高我国稀土产业自身高技术应用水平以及开发稀土新材料及其在高技术领域应用技术是实现稀土资源优势向经济优势转化的根本出路。     

锰铁合金脱磷综述

随着钢铁工业的快速发展，对钢水洁净度的要求日益增高。锰铁合金作为炼钢过程的脱氧剂及合金添加剂，其品位受到冶金界的极大关注。文章主要概述锰铁合金脱磷渣系的研究现状及其应用于锰铁工业化脱磷中存在的不足，指出锰铁合金脱磷渣系的开发方向，并重点对含稀土氧化物渣系用于锰铁合金脱磷的可能性进行分析预测。     

The Characteristics of Adsorption and Desorption of Rare Earth Elements by the Main Types of Soils of China

The adsorption-desorption behavior of the mixed rare earth elements(RE)on the main types ofsoils of China,kaolinite and synthetic oxides was studied.The isothermal adsorption of RE was fitted toLangmuir.Freundlich and Temkin equations.The main factors determining the RE adsorption capacity ofthe soils are the type of clay mineral and the content of amorphous iron oxide in the soils.The above two fac-tors and the pH of soil determine the RE adsorption ability of the soils.The soil and synthetic iron,manga-nese oxides strongly adsorb RE specifically.     

稀土在国内铜及铜合金加工中的作用

从热力学的角度阐述了稀土在铜中的反应,综述了国内对稀土在铜及铜合金加工中的应用.适量的稀土在铜和铜合金熔铸中主要起净化作用、变质作用和合金化作用,可以提高热处理温度,增强塑性加工的效果.