SO_2对海洋大气环境中含铬耐候钢腐蚀行为的影响

为了研究工业大气污染对含铬耐候钢腐蚀行为的影响,经真空感应熔炼、轧制含铬和无铬两组耐候钢,以NaCl、NaHSO_3为腐蚀介质,通过干湿循环加速腐蚀试验、腐蚀失重分析并结合XRD、SEM等方法,分析对比了含铬耐候钢在含SO_2以及不含SO_2海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,在Cl-、Cl-+SO_2环境下,铬均降低了钢的腐蚀深度,SO_2加重了钢的腐蚀。试验钢锈层均主要由α-FeOOH,β-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH和Fe_3O_4构成,质量分数有所区别;在Cl-+SO_2环境下,合金铬对α-FeOOH的形成有促进作用;SO_2明显抑制了含铬钢中β-FeOOH的形成,降低了γ-FeOOH和Fe3O4的质量分数,并促进了含铬钢中α-FeOOH的形成。单一Cl-环境中,含铬钢锈层有明显分层现象,外锈层疏松,内层致密;在Cl-+SO_2环境下,含铬钢锈层无明显分层现象。在Cl-+SO_2环境下,无铬钢中硫、氯元素富集于内锈层;含铬钢中铬在试验钢内锈层出现一定的富集,氯元素均匀分布于锈层中,硫元素在外锈层处富集。     

中空夹层混凝土电杆用高强耐候钢腐蚀行为研究

使用室内加速腐蚀试验、XRD分析、电化学方法等测试方法研究了AYNH 420、SQNH 420两种耐候钢的腐蚀行为。使用失重测试的方法确定了两种试验钢的腐蚀速率,研究了试验钢的腐蚀动力学;通过对耐候钢锈层微观形貌、结构的表征,确定了两种钢锈层的成分和结构;并使用动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗谱的方法对耐候钢的腐蚀机制进行了探索。结果表明:同等条件下,SQNH 420的腐蚀速率低于AYNH 420;耐候钢的主要锈层产物是Fe3O4、α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH和γ-FeOOH等。锈层的组织结构分为内外两层,能起到保护作用的是附着性好,结构致密的内层。随着腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀产物的增多,耐候钢的腐蚀倾向降低,电极反应由电极控制向扩散控制转变。     

Q235碳钢在西沙大气暴晒的锈层特征

在西沙群岛高温、高湿的海洋大气环境下对Q235碳钢进行了3个月的暴晒实验,利用电子探针、激光拉曼等观察分析了暴晒后样品的锈层特征.结果表明:Q235碳钢暴晒1个月后迅速形成较厚的锈层,锈层疏松多孔,多裂纹;当暴晒3个月时,锈层却明显减薄.Q235碳钢在西沙暴晒1个月后形成的外层腐蚀产物主要是γ-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、α-FeOOH及少量Fe₃O₄等,而锈层内部主要为Fe₃O₄、γ-Fe₂O₃等铁的氧化物.暴晒3个月后,疏松锈层的内部电解液蒸发加剧,内层还原后的锈层重新被氧化,生成较多的FeOOH,同时部分γ-FeOOH转化成为α-FeOOH.Q235碳钢在西沙大气环境下的暴晒过程(也就是锈层的氧化还原反应的交替过程)中,钢基体不断地被腐蚀.     

碳钢和耐候钢在南京工业大气环境中的腐蚀行为

对碳钢和耐候钢在南京工业大气环境中的腐蚀行为进行了研究。主要采用大气暴晒方法进行腐蚀失重分析;通过微观形貌、EDS、电化学手段对锈层形貌、锈层合金元素、腐蚀过程进行分析。结果表明,暴晒1个月内耐候钢腐蚀速率较普碳钢略高,两种钢的锈层均以Fe_2O_3、γ-FeOOH为主;随着腐蚀的进行,耐候钢锈层中γ-FeOOH开始逐步向α-FeOOH转变,合金元素Cr、Cu在锈层析出,锈层晶粒细化,锈层的钝化区间更宽,钝化电流密度更低。因此,从暴晒2个月后至16个月结束,耐候钢锈层具有更好的保护能力,其腐蚀速率低于普碳钢。     

低合金耐候钢在含氯离子环境中的腐蚀行为

利用干湿周浸加速腐蚀实验对比研究了低合金钢A588和SPA-H在含氯离子环境下腐蚀行为,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和电子探针等方法分析了Ni、Mn对于低合金钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:实验钢锈层中的物质主要由α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH和Fe₃O₄组成,但其含量存在差异;Ni元素在内锈层含量高于外锈层,Mn元素在锈层的孔洞处富集;内锈层的致密程度高于外锈层;提高合金元素Mn和Ni的含量,可以提高内锈层的致密性,从而提高低合金钢的耐蚀性能.     

耐候钢锈层及其稳定化处理现状

耐候钢具有良好的耐大气腐蚀性,但是稳定化锈层形成较慢,在耐候钢使用前对表面进行预处理,可以缩短锈层稳定化形成时间和防止锈液流挂.简要概述了国内外耐候钢的发展情况,以及耐候钢稳定化锈层的形成过程和锈层的组成与结构,分为以γ-FeOOH为主的疏松外锈层和以α-FeOOH为主的致密内锈层;介绍了表面锈层保护机理,包括物理阻隔...     

湿热海洋大气中SO2污染对Q235B钢腐蚀行为的影响

 以NaCl和NaHSO3为介质,采用干/湿周浸加速腐蚀试验、腐蚀失重分析、XRD、SEM等,研究了湿热海洋大气中SO2对Q235B钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,SO2污染使Q235B钢的腐蚀明显加重。污染前后,Q235B钢的腐蚀过程均遵循幂函数[W＝Atn]的分布规律,腐蚀产物均由非晶和少量Fe3O4、α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH晶体组成,但参数[A、][n]值和晶体数量并不相同。Cl－和SO2在腐蚀过程中具有协同作用,但作用机理不同。Cl－会阻止腐蚀产物吸附,并促使其脱落,进而阻止保护性锈层形成;而SO2在酸化过程中会与钢基体和锈层反应,进而破坏锈层结构,加剧钢的腐蚀。SO2还能抑制β-FeOOH并促进α-FeOOH的生成,进而抑制Cl－的破坏作用并改善锈层的稳定性;但随锈层增厚,SO2的抑制作用减弱,内锈层随之变疏松。     

超低碳贝氏体钢(ULCB)和耐候钢 09CuPCrNi 的耐蚀性

通过周期性浸润腐蚀试验测定了ULCB钢(%:0.05C、1.61Mn、0.51Cu、0.17Cr、0.26Ni)和耐候钢09CuPCrNi(%:0.09C、0.35Mn、0.09P、0.31Cu、0.45Cr、0.31Ni)14 mm板的耐腐蚀性能,并用偏光显微镜,X-射线衍射仪和能谱仪等研究了耐蚀机理.结果表明,ULCB钢的耐腐蚀性能优于09CuPCrNi钢;发现两种钢均存在由α-FeOOH,β-FeOOH和Fe3O4组成致密的内锈层、由α-,β-FeOOH和Fe3O4组成的疏松外锈层;Cu和Cr合金元素在锈层和锈层-钢基体界面均存在富集现象.     

一种高磷耐候钢的耐腐蚀性能试验研究

利用实验室加速腐蚀试验方法,对高磷耐候钢与Q345普通低合金钢在不同腐蚀时间后的年腐蚀速率及试样锈层形貌、腐蚀产物进行了对比分析,结果表明:两种试验钢试样基体表面均由最先形成的黑色氧化物Fe_3O_4非保护性结构继续氧化成为褐色Fe_2O_3,再继续生成非稳态的γ-FeOOH,并进一步向最终的稳定锈层组成物α-FeOOH转变。高磷耐候钢中Cu、P、Cr、Ni等耐蚀性合金元素在锈层的持续富集促使锈层中α-FeOOH的形成和含量增加,其锈层中的α-FeOOH含量在不同腐蚀周期内均比Q345低合金钢中的含量高;高磷耐候钢的年腐蚀速率随腐蚀时间延长基本稳定且呈下降趋势,低于Q345普通低合金钢。     

低碳钢在湿热工业海洋大气中的腐蚀特征

以0.1 mol·L^-1NaCl+0.01 mol·L^-1 NaHSO₃溶液为腐蚀介质,采用干/湿周浸加速腐蚀实验、腐蚀失重、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法,研究了湿热工业海洋大气中低碳钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明：实验钢的腐蚀过程均遵循幂函数d=Atⁿ分布规律,钢种不同,常系数A、n的值不同;腐蚀产物主要由非晶物质和少量Fe₃O₄、α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH晶体组成.所得锈层可分为主体锈层和界面疏松带两部分,由内至外锈层中Fe、O含量梯度变化很小.Cl^-、SO₂与水分的长期协同作用会导致内锈层结构变差,而添加稳定性或耐蚀性较高的元素可以改善锈层质量,进而增强钢材的耐腐蚀性能.     

Corrosion Resistance on High Strength Bainitic Steel and 09CuPCrNi After Wet-Dry Cyclic Conditions

The accelerated wet-dry cyclic corrosion tests have been carried out of a high strength bainitic steel and 09CuPCrNi. The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of 09CuPCrNi was better than that of the bainitic steel based on the mass loss measurements. The morphology and composition of the rusting products have been investigated in order to realize the mechanism of rust formation on the two steels. The rust scale on both steels was composed of a dense inner layer and a loose outer layer. The inner layer grew thicker and denser as the test proceeding. Both of inner and outer layers were mainly composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) with a small amount of lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) and akaganeite (β-FeOOH). The rust phase of γ-Fe2O3 was detected in a higher amount of the inner layer, resulting in a much denser inner layer. The inner rust layer of 09CuPCrNi being denser and thicker than that of the high strength bainitic steel was attributed to the alloying elements such as copper, chromium and phosphorus enriched in it. The protective inner rust layer plays an important role in the corrosion resistance of the steel.     

超低碳高强度耐候钢腐蚀性能的研究

通过显微组织观察、周浸加速腐蚀试验、锈层微观分析、Χ射线衍射等方法,以商业CortenB钢为对比钢,研究了超低碳高强度耐候钢(ULCW)的腐蚀性能。结果表明:超低碳高强度耐候钢的耐腐蚀性能优于CortenB钢;ULCW钢在腐蚀过程中能快速形成致密锈层,提高了钢的耐腐蚀性能;ULCW钢锈层中保护性产物α-FeOOH的量明显多于CortenB钢,提高了对钢基体的保护作用。     

Corrosion Resistance of High Performance Weathering Steel for Bridge Building Applications

 The mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and microstructures of high performance steel (HPS) was investigated by tensile testing machine, Charpy V-Notch (CVN) testing machine, cyclic immersion corrosion tester, XRD, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The results showed that significant differences existed in the tensile strength, yield strength and impact toughness between HPS and PCS. After 72 h cyclic immersion accelerated corrosion test, the inner rust layer on HPS was composed of α-FeOOH phase and denser than that on PCS that was a mixture of α-FeOOH and Fe3O4. The rust formed on HPS provides better protection and HPS has lower corrosion rates than PCS. Copper and chromium in HPS enrich in the rust layer and enhance the compactness of the rust layer. Based on the results of the accelerated corrosion tests and rust layer analysis, the roles of Cu and Cr against corrosion are discussed, providing HPS with chemical specification which has been industrially successful to produce weathering steel for bridge structure.     

Effect of MicroArea pH Value on Formation of Different Rust Phases of Weathering Steel in Initial Corrosion Period

 The formation of protective rust layer of atmospheric corrosion resistance was discussed for weathering steel. The Rust layers of experimental steels were made by using an accelerating industrial atmospheric corrosion test of dry-wet cyclic immersion. Furthermore XRD were used to measure and analyze the rust layers. The initial corrosion processes below thin water film were observed and the changes of micro-area PH value were measured. The results are as follows: The corrosion processes are obviously different between P-RE weathering steel and carbon steel. The surface of P-RE weathering steel rapidly forms α-FeOOH and the micro-area PH value is above 5.4 during the initial corrosion period. While the component of the rust layer for the carbon steel is mainly Fe3O4 and the micro-area PH value is below 3.8.     

Effect of microstructure on corrosion behavior of low carbon high chrome steel

The two types of microstructure of low carbon and high chromium steel (5Cr) were obtained through the test smelting, rolling and quenching after rolling.Corrosion performance of 5 mass%Cr steel and Q235 steel were researched by means of cyclic wetting and drying corrosion test in 2 mass% NaCl solution.Corrosion behavior and corrosion rust layers were analyzed by OM, SEM, EDS, XRD, cyclic wetting and drying corrosion tester and electrochemical testing. The results show that after the specimens were immersed and etched in 2 mass% NaCl solution for 72h, the different microstructures of 5Cr steel have great influence on the resistance to chloride ion corrosion. B+F+M microstructure of 5Cr steel shows lower corrosion rate than Q235 steel, 5Cr steel with martensite microstructure also shows lower corrosion rate than Q235 steel. Corrosion susceptibility of 5Cr steel with martensite structure is weaker than complex organization.The stratification of chromium oxide, oxyhydroxide, and iron oxide exists in the chromium- containing steel rust layer, in which the Cr enrichment maximum value is 17 mass%, and the lowest is 1 mass%.Lath martensite formed by quenching process makes the corrosion potential rise, ??- FeOOH and ??- FeOOH form. Bainite+ferrite phase and adverse phenomenon of Cr steel may cause the poor corrosion resistance.     

Cr-Ni-Cu系低合金铸钢在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为

为满足桥梁支座用铸钢在海洋大气环境下的耐蚀性要求,设计了2种成分的Cr-Ni-Cu系耐腐蚀低合金铸钢。采用周浸加速腐蚀试验、实地大气暴露试验考察试验钢在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为,并结合扫描电镜、XRD、电化学手段分析了合金元素对锈层和电化学行为的影响。结果表明,2种成分的Cr-Ni-Cu系低合金铸钢的耐蚀性均较好,随着时间延长,耐蚀铸钢腐蚀率下降并达到稳定,而对比钢种20MnSi腐蚀率保持下降趋势,未达到稳定状态。周浸腐蚀316h后耐蚀铸钢与20MnSi腐蚀率差距变小;Cr元素在内锈层中呈条带状富集,有效阻碍了Cl-的扩散,Ni的加入提高钢的自腐蚀电位,促进γ-FeOOH向α-FeOOH的转化,增加锈层稳定性;Cr、Ni、Cu的复合加入增大了铸钢的电荷传递电阻,提高了耐蚀性。     

Influence of Alloying Elements Corrosion Resistance of Cold on Mechanical Properties and Rolled C-Mn-Si TRIP Steels

 The rust layer plays an important role in the corrosion of steel in chlorinated environments. Salt spray, potentiodynamic polarization curve and tensile test were conducted in laboratory for the specimens after two-stage heat treatment. The influence of the alloying elements on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of three kinds of steels was investigated by observing the microstructure and the morphologies of rust layer. The results show that the highest value (29%) of total elongation for steel A is obtained. The mechanical property of the specimen for steel C exhibits best strength ductility balance (21384 MPa·%) because of the presence of the multiphase microstructures after a two-stage heat treatment and the addition of the alloying elements. The corrosion products are known to be a complex mixture of Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and α-FeOOH for steel C. The presence of the alloying elements results in the formation of compact and dense rust layers in steel B and C. Passive film protects the substrate of TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steel containing a complex mix of multiphase. Superior corrosion performance is exhibited for steel C with low alloying contents due to the enrichment of alloying elements within the rust layers.     

碳含量和组织类型对低合金钢耐蚀性的影响

研究了不同碳含量和显微组织的低合金钢的耐腐蚀性能和腐蚀行为,并与商业耐候钢09CuPCrNi进行了相应的比较.通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察,轧后水冷钢的主体组织为板条状贝氏体,轧后空冷钢为针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体、M/A小岛和少量渗碳体(珠光体)的混合物.用干湿循环加速腐蚀实验对耐蚀性测定结果表明:低碳钢(0.03%C)和轧后水冷的较高碳含量钢(0.1%C)的耐蚀性均明显优于09CuPCrNi;低碳含量钢的组织类型对其耐蚀性影响不大;较高碳含量情况下,单相贝氏体钢的耐蚀性优于由铁素体、渗碳体(珠光体)等构成的复相组织钢;轧后水冷时,不同碳含量的钢耐蚀性差别不大;轧后空冷时,低碳含量钢的耐蚀性优于较高碳含量钢.用扫描电镜对锈层进行观察,可以看出耐蚀性较好的样品在腐蚀后期形成了致密的内锈层.     

Corrosion Behavior of Rusted 550 MPa Grade Offshore Platform Steel

 The corrosion behavior of a rusted 550 MPa grade offshore platform steel in Cl- containing environment was investigated. The results revealed that the corrosion process can be divided into initial stage in which corrosion rate increased with accumulation of corrosion products and later stage in which homogeneous and compact rust layer started to protect steel substrate out of corrosion mediums. On the contrary, structural analysis of rust layers by X-ray diffraction showed that α-FeOOH increased from 1. 3% to 3. 6% and the Fe3O4 increased from 1. 0% to 1. 5% while γ-FeOOH reduced slightly according to corrosion time increased from 30 cycles to 73 cycles. The results of electron probe microanalysis indicated that Cr concentrated mainly in the inner region of the rust, inner/outer interface especially, whereas Ni and Cu were uniformly distributed all over the rust after 73 corrosion cycles. According to electrochemical measurements, it was found that the corrosion rate of rusted steel reduced from 0. 61 mm/a after 45 cycles to 0. 34 mm/a after 85 cycles, 44. 3% reduction approximately, and Rrust values increased with increment of corrosion time. Therefore, formation of compact inner rust layer and enrichment of Cr are important to improve corrosion resistance of offshore platform steel.