闭式冷却塔空冷传热性能的试验研究及优化运行

搭建了扭曲管闭式冷却塔的换热实验平台,在空冷模式下通过测试在不同风机频率以及风机频率固定时不同的管内流体进口温度、空气干球温度情况下闭塔的传热性能、流动阻力和能耗,得到了风机频率、管程体积流量以及管程进口温度、环境温度对综合传热性能和空冷传热量的影响,进而得出优化闭塔空冷换热的方式,并推导出在不同的季节温度下最合理的运行方式。同时本试验拟合了风机频率和风机功率等与迎面风速的试验关联式以及空冷管外空气的传热系数试验关联式,对扭曲管式闭式冷却塔的优化设计有一定的指导作用。     

微管道换热器多孔介质模型分析及应用

将微管道换热器抽象成多孔介质模型,由Brinkman-extended Darcy方程出发,分别按照双方程模型和单方程模型进行求解,以得到微管道内流体的速度场和温度场分布,并对单方程模型和双方程模型的解析解进行了对比,讨论了微管道高宽比和有效导热系数比对流动与传热的影响。证明了由基于多孔介质双方程、单方程模型所得的解析解均可用于预测微管道换热器中的容积平均速度与温度分布。利用基于多孔介质双方程模型还可得出微管道换热器的总热阻和优化设计结构,结合硅衬底上的多路感应耦合等离子体刻蚀工艺加工出了经结构优化的硅制微管道换热器。在满足局部热平衡条件下,基于多孔介质单方程模型更适用于实际工程计算,不必经由预先的试验确定换热系数。     

高压燃气涡轮叶栅热辐射特性研究

采用商用软件CFX11.0的不同湍流模型对NASA-Markll高压燃气气冷涡轮叶栅进行气热耦合换热计算,得出最佳湍流模型。针对不同涡轮叶栅前进口总温进行考虑和不考虑热辐射的数值计算,着重分析叶栅流道内热辐射效应随涡轮前入口温度的变化情况,得出在实际的高温高压气冷涡轮叶栅耦合换热计算时,辐射热流应当作为源项加入到方程中。这样能够更准确地得出叶片内部温度分布,为热应力计算以及寿命预估提供准确的边界条件。     

The effect of surfactant in the absorptive and generative processes

This study investigates the effect of additives such as normal octyl alcohol into lithium bromide-water (LiBr/H₂O) solutions in the absorption and generation processes of absorption refrigerating machines. The experimental results confirmed the positive effect of additive use in the absorber. Little is known, however, on the effect of additives on generator performance. In this study, the authors carried out experiments to investigate the possible positive or negative effects of additive, which enhances the absorption process, on the generator behavior. The results showed heat transfer at the generator improved as pressure increased and concentration decreased; the boiling heat transfer coefficient was shown to be more strongly influenced by concentration than by pressure. The boiling curves showed that the heat transfer of solution in the generator was not significantly affected by the addition of surfactant. The result of this study showed that the surfactant in absorption heater/chiller made enhanced absorption effect in the absorber but it didn't give any influence in the generator. Therefore the additive was devoted to helping high performance in the absorption system.     

直接空冷凝汽器换热性能影响因素研究

以内蒙古某电厂为研究对象,采用理论计算和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了环境温度、风速、湿度及风机转速对直接空冷凝汽器换热特性的影响。研究表明:来流风速为(13~15)m/s时,总换热量较设计工况降低了(3.2~7.5)%;环境温度对总换热量影响很大,但当环境温度大于15℃时,总换热量下降趋势逐渐变的缓慢;环境湿度对总换热量的影响较小;随着环境风速的增加,各空冷单元风机进口流量整体呈下降趋势,其中迎风侧的第一个风机进口流量降幅最大。     

空气源热泵蒸发器结霜及换热性能的研究

研究了入口空气相对湿度、温度以及风速对风冷热泵蒸发器结霜的影响,获得了各个入口空气参数对蒸发器结霜厚度和换热量的影响规律.研究发现空气入口相对湿度等参数对蒸发器结霜以及换热性能有很大的影响,结霜严重地影响了蒸发器换热性能.计算结果和实验测试的结果吻合良好.     

新型太阳能风冷氨水吸收式制冷循环的研究

提出一种新型太阳能风冷氨水吸收式制冷循环系统,该系统设置精馏器提纯氨蒸汽,并有效回收精馏器精馏热及中温吸收器吸收热,实现对太阳能的有效利用以及机组风冷化和小型化,与传统系统相比其系统性能系数(COP)显著提高。基于能量守恒、溶液质量守恒和氨组分质量守恒建立系统各部件热力学数学模型,在此基础上编写程序对系统循环特性进行理论计算,分析热源温度、蒸发温度、冷凝温度等参数对系统COP的影响,为系统优化设计及建立最优运行方案提供理论支持。     

Forced air cooling by using manifold microchannel heat sinks

A study of manifold microchannel (MMC) heat sinks for forced air cooling was performed experimentally. The manifold microchannel heat sink differs from a traditional microchannel (TMC) heat sink in that the flow length is greatly reduced to a small fraction of the total length of the heat sink. In other words, the MMC heat sink features many inlet and outlet channels, alternating at a periodic distance along the length of the microchannels while the TMC heat sink features one inlet and one outlet channels. The present study primarily focused to investigate the effects of geometrical parameters on the thermal performance of the manifold microchannel heat sinks for optimal design. Also, the thermal resistances of the MMC heat sinks were compared with those of the TMC heat sinks. Experimental results showed the thermal resistances of MMC heat sinks were affected strongly by the pumping power, the microchannel width and the manifold inlet/outlet channel width, but weakly by the microchannel thickness-width ratio and the microchannel depth coorporated with the manifold inlet/outlet channel width. However, it was found that there existed the optimum values of the latter parameters. Under the optimum condition of geometrical parameters in the present study, the thermal resistance of the MMC heat sink was approximately 35% lower than that of a TMC heat sink, which clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of using a manifold.     

溴化锂吸收式制冷机新型镍合金强化传热管的实验研究

对一种新型镍合金强化传热管在２１０－２５０℃高温溴化锂水溶液中的耐腐蚀性、传热、传质、抗拉强度、耐磨性、胀管气密性等进行了实验研究。结果表明,在高温溴化锂水溶液中,该管具有很强的耐腐蚀性,其传热、传质及工艺性优良,可以用作三效溴化锂吸收式制冷机传热管。     

吸收器二元溶液两相流动总体性能分析

对发生在吸收器内的二元溶液两相流动传热传质过程进行了深入细致的描述。结合实际运行情况,将流动过程划分为3个区域,给出了不同区域的控制微分方程,建立了溶液滴状降膜吸收模型。基于Matlab平台进行求解,分析了水平管束式吸收器溶液温度、浓度的变化以及不同结构参数及运行工况下,溶液质量流量、润湿率WR、蒸发温度等变量对吸收器蒸气吸收能力、吸收器热负荷及蒸发器制冷量的影响。所得结果对于吸收器等热力部件的结构计算具有一定的参考作用。     

Effect of channel and plenum aspect ratios on the performance of microchannel heat sink under different flow arrangements

Microchannels based heat sinks are considered as potential thermal management solution for electronic devices. The overall thermal performance of a microchannel heat sink depends on the flow characteristics within microchannels as well as within the inlet and outlet plenum and these flow phenomena are influenced by channel aspect ratio, plenum aspect ratio and flow arrangements at the inlet and outlet plenums. In the present research work an experimental investigation has been carried out to understand how the heat transfer and pressure drop attributes vary with different plenum aspect ratio and channel aspect ratio under different flow arrangements. For this purpose microchannel test pieces with two channel aspect ratios, 4.72 and 7.57 and three plenum aspect ratios, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.75 have been tested under three flow arrangements, namely U-, S- and P-types. Test runs were performed by maintaining three constant heat inputs, 125 W, 225 W and 375 W in the range 224.3 ?? R_e ?? 1121.7. Reduction in channel width (increase in aspect ratio, defined as depth to width of channel) in the present case has shown about 126 to 165% increase in Nusselt number, whereas increase in plenum length (reduction in plenum aspect ratio defined as width to length of plenum) has resulted in 18 to 26% increase in Nusselt number.     

微通道换热器试验测试系统研究

搭建了一套测试微通道性能参数的循环换热试验系统,介绍了组成该系统的微通道换热器、模拟芯片、微型泵、恒温装置以及控制测量等部件.以水为介质,对三种不同结构型式微通道换热器的传热及流动性能进行了试验研究,测量了进出微通道换热器的冷却液流量、温度和压差以及模拟芯片表面多个测点的温度等参数,获得了微通道换热器内的流动阻力和传热特性.     

冷却水对废热驱动型双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机组性能影响的仿真研究

随着能源使用的日益紧张，各类冷热电联供技术尤其是废热驱动型吸收式制冷机组的性能研究越来越受到关注。针对废热驱动型双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机组性能特点，建立了该机组在小扰动条件下的数学模型，并编制了相应的仿真程序。根据仿真结果分析了冷却水进口温度和流量的变化对废热驱动型吸收式机组的性能影响。     

考虑制冷剂两相分配不均的微通道蒸发器压降模型

制冷剂两相分配不均是影响微通道蒸发器压降特性的重要因素,为了准确预测制冷剂两相分配不均影响下的微通道蒸发器压降,开发了新的微通道蒸发器压降模型。模型考虑了从微通道蒸发器进口管到出口管的所有局部和沿程压力损失,引入了简化的微通道管进口干度分布函数来计算微通道蒸发器内各微通道单管的进口状态,提出一种考虑制冷剂两相分配不均的流路压降平衡的仿真算法来迭代求解出微通道蒸发器的压降。该模型适用于制冷剂在蒸发器进口为两相状态(进口干度小于0.45),制冷剂在集流管内质流密度小于764 kg/m2s的条件。模型的仿真结果能较好符合制冷剂在微通道蒸发器中的流量和温度分布趋势,并且与微通道蒸发器压降的试验数据误差小于8%。     

Performance characteristics of a MPCM slurry cooled unit designed for telecommunication equipment

Optimum control of the PCB surface temperature is very important in achieving high performance and operational reliability of telecommunication equipment with high power density and thermal density. In this study, the performance of a liquid cooling unit with MPCM slurries (called as “MPCM cooled unit”) was tested and analyzed. In addition, its performance was compared with that of an air cooled unit and a water cooled unit. The maximum surface temperature and the index of uniform temperature distribution (IUTD) were introduced to analyze cooling performance. The surface temperature in the unit rack of telecommunication equipment can be controlled properly by using an MPCM cooled unit instead of an air cooled unit. The maximum surface temperature and IUTD of the MPCM cooled unit at the inlet temperature of 19°C were lower than those at inlet temperatures of 25°C and 27°C due to the increases of heat capacity and heat transfer rate. The heat capacity of the MPCM cooled unit increased significantly with the increase of mass flow rate due to high specific heat of MPCM particles with latent heat transfer rate. The cooling performance of the MPCM cooled unit was superior to that of the water cooled unit.     

同轴套管式深井换热器的换热性能分析

同轴套管式深井换热器是一种开采地热能的有效方式,为了提高其换热器的换热性能,采用有限体积分析方法,开展了同轴套管式深井换热器传热性能研究。通过建立近地热源区域的同轴套管式深井换热器三维传热模型,分析了入口流速、入口温度以及保温管距井底距离等关键因素对换热器采热功率的影响,结果表明:入口流速由0.1 m/s增加到1 m/s,采出温度降低了9.82 K,采热功率增加了7倍;入口温度从288 K增加到308 K,采出温度增加了13.61 K,采热功率下降了17.2%;距井底900 mm距离降低到 100 mm,采出温度增加1.91 K,采热功率增加了6.57%。     

Cooling characteristics on the forced convection of an array of flat-form electronic components in channel flow

Present study is concerned with forced convective heat transfer of the channel flow with line arrays of heated electronic components mounted on a printed circuit board. For the assessment of thermal performance in channel flows, three separate variables are used:channel spacing, row number of the component, and inlet air velocity. The thermal characteristics of a component due to own power and upstream air heated by components were studied. The experimental results were compared with those of numerical solution for various conditions: surface temperature of the components, adiabatic temperature rise, and heat transfer coefficient. The experimental results agree well with the numerical solutions. The study shows that the adiabatic heat transfer coefficient is significantly affected by the inlet velocity in channel flow and less dependent on the channel spacing and row number, except for the case ofH/B=3.3. While reviewing the previous literatures, it is found that a little difference in the correlation between Nu and Re is due to the different geometric ratio of the packaged components.     

Heat transfer and pressure drop amidst frost layer presence for the full geometry of fin-tube heat exchanger

The present study numerically solves the flow and thermal fields in the full geometry of heat exchanger modeling with frost layer presence on the heat exchanger surface. The effects of air inlet velocity, air inlet temperature, frost layer thickness, fin pitch, fin thickness, and heat exchanger shape on the thermo-hydraulic performance of a fin-tube heat exchanger are investigated. Heat transfer rate rises with increasing air inlet velocity and temperature, and decreasing frost layer thickness and fin pitch. Pressure drop rises with increasing air inlet velocity and frost layer thickness, and decreasing fin pitch. The effect of fin thickness on heat transfer and pressure drop is negligible. Based on the present results, we derived the correlations, which express pressure drop and temperature difference between air inlet and outlet as a function of air inlet velocity and temperature, as well as frost layer thickness.     

风冷冰箱冷冻室的数值模拟与试验研究

对一台家用风冷冰箱的冷冻室建立了三维综合热流体模型。采用稳态可实现k-ε紊流模型进行数值模拟和分析,并进行了试验验证。结果表明,模拟温度稍高于试验温度。测点的模拟温度值与实验温度相对误差最小的是1.03%,最大的是5.26%,表明模拟结果可靠。分析模拟结果发现,在远离出风口的位置气流基本停滞,不利于内部气流的换热,可以适当提高入风口的气流速度、在抽屉的底部开孔来增加上下的气流流动可以提高腔室的温度分布均匀性。     

基于圆柱源理论的热泵垂直U型地埋管模拟分析

基于圆柱源理论,建立了U型地埋管换热器传热模型,并进行了数值求解。计算结果表明,夏季U型地埋管换热器在给定进口温度和流量时,连续运行48h后,地埋管出口水温、壁面温度和单位延米换热量基本趋于稳定。单位延米换热量与热响应实验数据误差为3%,验证了模型的准确性。以某地区空调系统地埋管换热器设计为例,模拟分析了不同负荷特性下地埋管换热器的换热性能。模拟结果显示整个夏季运行中地埋管最大进口水温低于设定值37℃,满足机组运行温度要求,设计合理。可为实际的工程应用提供参考。