顶空-气相色谱法测定烟用胶粘剂中的挥发性有机物

采用顶空-气相色谱法对烟用胶粘剂中的挥发性有机物(甲醇、丙酮、乙酸甲酯、叔丁醇、乙酸乙烯酯、乙酸乙酯)进行分析,讨论了气相色谱柱的升温方式、顶空平衡温度、平衡时间、胶粘剂加入量对分析结果的影响,从而获得优化的检测工艺参数。该检测方法对上述6种挥发性有机物的线性范围分别为甲醇40～400μg/g,丙酮4～40μg/g,乙酸甲酯9.2～92μg/g,叔丁醇3.2～32μg/g,乙酸乙烯酯7.5～75μg/g,乙酸乙酯4.5～45μg/g,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.6%～2.7%,样品的回收率为90.8%～104.2%。该方法可用于烟用胶粘剂中挥发性有机物的分析,方法简便、快速、重现性好。     

聚醋酸乙烯酯胶粘剂中苯系物含量测定

建立了气相色谱内标法测定家具聚乙酸乙烯酯胶粘剂中苯系物含量的方法。样品中苯系物经甲醇提取、离心,上清液用60 m EN-20色谱柱分离,气相色谱检测,内标法定量。优化条件下苯系物回收率在96.84%~103.86%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.79%~2.28%,定量下限2.4~2.9 mg/L。本方法操作简单,准确度和精密度较高,是一种检测聚乙酸乙烯酯胶粘剂产品中苯系物含量的有效方法。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定食品纸盒包装材料中挥发性有机物

建立了一种顶空-气相色谱法测定食品纸盒包装材料中23种挥发性有机物的方法,主要检测甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、乙酸甲酯、正丙醇、乙酸乙酯、丁酮、苯、乙酸异丙酯、正丁醇、丙二醇甲醚、乙酸正丙酯、甲苯、丙二醇乙醚、4-甲基-2-戊酮、乙酸丁酯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯、环己酮等23种挥发性有机物。量取面积为20.0cm×5.0cm的包装材料,并将其卷成圆筒状,立即放入20mL顶空瓶中,加入1mL三醋酸甘油酯,密封,上机。23种挥发性有机物的相关系数均大于0.998,方法回收率在94.3%~102.7%之间,重现性较好,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.52%~3.27%之间,最低检出限为0.001mg/m2。该方法简单、快速、准确、灵敏度高,完全能够满足食品纸盒包装材料中挥发性有机物的定量分析。     

L-丙交酯在不同有机溶剂中的溶解度测定

利用激光法测定了L-丙交酯在甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯中的溶解度,测试温度范围为293.15～313.15 K。L-丙交酯的溶解度大小顺序是:丙酮>乙酸乙酯>甲醇>乙醇>正丁醇。用Apelblat方程对测定的溶解度数据进行了拟合,通过计算得到在不同溶剂中的结晶热。     

废气中乙酸酯类的热脱附GC-MS测定法

使用固相吸附-热脱附GC-MS法来测定固定污染源废气中的乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯。通过用吸附管采样,用热解析脱附,经气相色谱分离后用质谱测定,外标法定量。实验得出目标物出峰完好尖锐,回收率在94. 2%～110. 8%之间,各组分检出限在0. 006～0. 007 mg/m~3之间,精密度在4. 8%～6. 1%之间。结果表明该方法可对固定污染源废气中的乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯进行定性、定量测定,检测效率高,方法科学可靠。     

顶空气相色谱法测定烟用胶中乙酸乙酯和乙酸乙烯酯

样品于80℃顶空加热25 min后,利用GC(气相色谱)柱分离结合FID(氢火焰离子化检测器),建立了同时检测烟用胶中乙酸乙酯(EA)和乙酸乙烯酯(VAc)含量的顶空气相色谱(HS/GC)法。研究结果表明:该方法的线性相关系数均为0.999 9,并且其检测数据的准确性和重现性良好[回收率为97.5%~104.8%且相对标准偏差(RSD)≤3.7%],而且其检出限(LOD)≤0.13μg/mL、定量限(LOQ)≤0.42μg/mL;该方法具有简单、快速、准确和自动化等优点,并且其适用范围较广。     

乙酸甲酯催化加氢制乙醇工艺

以煤基乙酸下游产品乙酸甲酯为原料, 在Cu-Zn-Al催化剂上加氢制取乙醇, 利用气相色谱仪对产品进行定性、定量分析。分别考察了反应温度、反应压力、乙酸甲酯液时空速、氢气与乙酸甲酯摩尔比等操作因素对乙酸甲酯转化率和目标产物乙醇选择性的影响。实验结果表明, 最佳工艺操作参数为:反应温度240℃, 反应压力8MPa, 乙酸甲酯液相体积空速1h^-1, 氢气与乙酸甲酯的摩尔比9:1。在最优工艺条件下, 乙酸甲酯的单程转化率为95.5%, 目的产物乙醇的选择性为94.6%。液体产品的平衡组成为:甲醇38.12%, 乙醇59.52%, 乙酸甲酯0.86%, 乙酸乙酯1.29%。数据表明:在乙酸甲酯加氢制乙醇反应过程中, Cu-Zn-Al催化剂对羰基加氢的活性较高, 对乙醇具有较高的选择性, 同时能够有效抑制主要副产物乙酸乙酯的生成。     

碘催化酯交换合成酯的研究

以分子碘或酸作为催化剂,在相同的条件下采用不同的酯交换剂与正丙醇反应,实验表明,碘能有效催化酯交换反应,酯的反应顺序为苯甲酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸乙烯酯,并对实验结果进行了初步分析。     

顶空气相色谱法测定有机废水中多种残留溶剂的含量

建立了顶空-气相色谱法对有机废水中石油醚(30-60)、丙酮、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、乙醇、乙腈的含量进行测定的方法;并对顶空分析条件和气相色谱分析条件进行了优化。实验结果表明,最佳顶空分析条件为:样品体积为5 mL,平衡温度为80℃,平衡时间为30 min,NaCl加入量为1.0 g。7种残留溶剂在各自浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999。该方法的检出限为0.052～3.96μg/mL,精密度(RSD)为1.3%～6.1%(n=6),加标回收率为83.4%～111.6%(n=3)。该方法操作简便,重现性好,结果准确,适用于有机废水中残留溶剂含量的测定。     

顶空-气相色谱/质谱分析水果味电子烟烟气粒相物挥发性成分

为分析电子烟烟气粒相物挥发性成分,建立了一种顶空(HS)-气相色谱质谱联用(GC/MS)方法,测定了3种水果味电子烟烟气粒相物挥发性成分。研究表明,顶空平衡温度120℃,平衡时间20 min时的捕集效率最佳; 3种电子烟中分别鉴定出26、23、20种烟气粒相物挥发性成分,其中相对含量较高的是丙二醇,均占每种总含量的80%以上; 5次重复实验的组分峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)为3. 64%,方法重复性良好;电子烟烟气中主要的致香成分为2,3-丁二酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、反-3-己烯醇、3-甲基-2-戊醇、2-庚醇。实验方法操作简便、重复性好、无溶剂残留,适于电子烟烟气粒相物挥发性成分的分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。