西藏本土天然植物蕞提取液对氆氇染色工艺的研究

采用超声波提取法对西藏本地植物蕞进行提取,而后用提取液对氆氇进行媒染染色,探讨了染料提取方法、提取工艺、染色工艺、媒染剂种类、媒染剂用量、提取液用量、染液pH、染色温度和时间对氆氇染色性能的影响,并测试了染色氆氇的染色牢度。结果表明：采用超声波提取法提取染液,染色工艺为前媒染色法;染料用量50m L/L,硫酸亚铁（0.5g/L）,染色时间为120min,染浴的p H值为5,染色温度为85℃。此时,染色氆氇的耐水洗色牢度可达3～4级,耐摩擦色牢度可达4级及以上。     

青海红花用于藏毯羊毛染色的研究简

通过设计正交试验,对二乙胺预处理过的羊毛进行染色工艺研究.重点考察了植物红花染料对羊毛的直接染色和同媒染色中时间、温度、媒染剂种类、以及媒染剂的用量等因素对染色效果的影响.结果表明同媒染色优于直染,且同媒染色的最佳条件为：染色温度60℃,染色时间30 min,媒染剂用量8％（o.w.f）,媒染剂Fe2＋.     

深度氧化技术处理皂素废水的研究

采用Fenton试剂深度氧化技术处理皂素废水,研究了FeSO4·7H2O投加量、H2O2投加量、pH值和反应时间4个因素对废水中COD去除效果的影响。实验结果表明,当FeSO4·7H2O投加量为7g/L,H2O2投加量为170g/L,pH值为4,反应时间为50min条件下,COD去除效果最佳,可达到88.23%。各因素对COD去除率影响的强弱顺序为:H2O2投加量>FeSO4·7H2O投加量>pH值。     

TiO2/Fenton体系日光催化降解苯酚废液

对TiO2多相光催化氧化与Fenton法联合工艺在目光下处理模拟含酚废水进行了研究。通过采用正交设计方法对体系中TiO2用量、H2O2用量、FeSO4·7H2O用量、反应时间4个主要影响因素进行实验考察,结果表明,在日光照射下,该体系对苯酚的去除率有非常好的效果,体系最优化工艺条件为：TiO2的用量0．2g,H2O2的用量0.1mL,FeSO4·7H2O的用量0．02g,反应时间20min。该条件下的验证实验表明,苯酚去除率高达90．1％。为利用日光对含酚废水的处理提供了有价值的参考。     

聚合硫酸铁铝混凝剂的制备

研究了以废铁屑、废硫酸和铝质易拉罐废料为原料制备聚合硫酸铁铝的工艺.通过正交试验得到了优化工艺条件:七水硫酸亚铁用量为反应物料总质量的50%,m(H2SO4)∶m(FeSO4·7H2O)=0.10,m[Al2(SO4)3·18H2O]∶m(FeSO4·7H2O)=0.084,m[Al(NO)3·9H2O]∶m(FeSO4·7H2O)=0.055,反应温度55℃,反应时间50～55 min,搅拌速率100～150 r/min.最终聚合硫酸铁铝溶液的Fe3 、Al3 质量浓度和盐基度分别达到168.5 g/L、7.5 g/L和16.3%.其用于工业废水的处理时,浊度去除率大于98%,COD去除率大于92%,明显优于市售聚合硫酸铁和聚合氯化铝的处理效果.     

聚-ε-赖氨酸发酵培养基的优化

采用正交实验对筛选的一株白色链霉菌Streptomyces albulus 213发酵产聚-ε-赖氨酸(ε-PL)的培养基成分进行了优化.结果表明,该菌株产ε-PL的优化培养基为:葡萄糖3.0%,酵母粉0.5%,(NH4)2SO4 1.2%,KH2PO4 0.20%、K2HPO4 0.12%、MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%、FeSO4·7H2O 0.003%、ZnSO4·7H2O 0.008%.在优化培养基下,ε-PL摇瓶产量达到4.95 g·L-1,比优化前提高了27%.     

Fenton氧化-混凝联合处理橡胶废水研究

以橡胶厂的工业废水为研究对象,探讨了各种因素对Fenton氧化后废水混凝处理效果的影响,并对H2O2、FeSO4·7H2O和Fe2(SO4)3用量进行L9(33)正交试验,确定Fenton氧化-混凝联合工艺处理橡胶废水的最佳反应条件为:质量分数30%的H2O2、FeSO4·7H2O和Fe2(SO4)3投加量分别为2 mL、0.3 g和0.3 g.与Fenton氧化法和直接混凝法相比,Fenton氧化-混凝联合工艺对橡胶废水处理效果更好,对COD去除率明显高于单独采用2种方法对COD去除率的总和.     

填料塔工艺合成聚合硫酸铁

在填料塔中考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、Fe2 初始浓度、硫酸与FeSO4·7H2O物质的量之比和O2流量对聚合硫酸铁合成的影响.结果表明,在改进的填料塔中合成聚合硫酸铁,合适的工艺条件为60℃,催化剂用量0.138 4 g/mL,Fe2 初始浓度为1.0 mol/L,H2SO4与FeSO4·7H2O物质的量之比0.3,O2流量60 mL/min,在此条件下,Fe2 氧化速率为0.66 mol/(L·h),催化指数可达到22.3.进行连续操作合成聚合硫酸铁,得到聚合硫酸铁产品的各项指标符合国家标准,表明由含Fe3 溶液制备聚合硫酸铁产品是可行的.     

花生衣天然染料对亚麻织物染色性能研究

以60%乙醇提取花生衣染料,对亚麻织物进行染色。采用直接染色、铁预媒染及铝预媒染3种不同染色方法,研究染色温度和染料用量对亚麻织物染色性能的影响。通过测试染色后织物的K/S以及L、a、b得出最佳染色温度为:直接染色为120℃,Fe⁽²⁺⁾预媒染为110℃,Al(2+)预媒染为110℃,Al⁽³⁺⁾预媒染为120℃。媒染染色织物颜色差异较大,在相同染色条件下,Fe(3+)预媒染为120℃。媒染染色织物颜色差异较大,在相同染色条件下,Fe⁽²⁺⁾预媒染织物K/S值最大。直接染色亚麻织物K/S值高达6,表明花生衣染料对亚麻织物染色潜力大。在最佳染色条件下,染色亚麻织物的色牢度、抗紫外性能优良,Al(2+)预媒染织物K/S值最大。直接染色亚麻织物K/S值高达6,表明花生衣染料对亚麻织物染色潜力大。在最佳染色条件下,染色亚麻织物的色牢度、抗紫外性能优良,Al⁽³⁺⁾预媒染织物各项色牢度可达4级以上,Fe(3+)预媒染织物各项色牢度可达4级以上,Fe⁽²⁺⁾预媒染织物抗紫外性能为原布样的11.8倍。染色后织物荧光性能明显提升,而直接染色最佳。     

施镀温度对化学镀Fe-Zn合金性能的影响

在含ZnS04·7H2O7 g/L、FeSO4·7H2O8 g/L、H3BO3 1 g/L、NaH2PO2·H2O9 g/L、C4H4O6KNa·4H2O67 g/L、NaOH 35 g/L和光亮剂1g/L的镀液(pH = 12.5)中,考察了施镀温度对不锈钢上化学镀Fe-Zn合金沉积速率、耐腐蚀性、显微硬度和结合力的...     

Extraction of natural dyes from Alpinia blepharocalyx K. Schum. for dyeing of silk fabric

Natural dyes were extracted from the leaves and stems of Alpinia blepharocalyx K. Schum. Analysis of the designed experiment revealed that extraction at a plant/water ratio of 1:20 could reach an optimal production of natural dyes when extraction was performed at 80 °C, for 4 h, under 20 min ultrasound, in the presence of 10 g/l sodium hydroxide, and with two extractions. The extracted natural dyes were applied to the dyeing of silk fabrics using different methods, including or excluding a mordant. It was found that mordants had a significant effect on the colour of dyed silk fabrics. The silk fabric dyed with the pre‐mordant method using potassium aluminium sulphate as a mordant showed a bright yellow with a higher colour strength. The optimal dyeing conditions were reached when the extracted natural dyes were pre‐mordanted with 10 g/l potassium aluminium sulphate at pH 6, and for a 20 min dyeing time.     

Dyeing of cotton and jute with tea as a natural dye

Cotton and jute fabrics were dyed with an aqueous extract of tea, containing tannins as the main colorant species. The dyeing was carried out with and without metal salts as mordants, using three different dyeing methods: pre-mordanting, meta-mordanting and post-mordanting. The resulting wash and light fastnesses of the dyed fabrics were good to excellent. The colour of the fabrics was investigated on computer colour matching system in terms of K/S , and CIELAB colour-difference values. Deep shades ( K/S = 3.9) were obtained for jute in acidic media, while cotton fabrics could be dyed in medium depths ( K/S = 2.0) under identical conditions of dyeing.     

Application of rare earth as mordant for the dyeing of ramie fabrics with natural dyes

Selecting appropriate metallic compounds as mordants is essential for dyeing with natural dyes. This paper presents the application of rare earth compounds as mordant for the dyeing of ramie fabrics with four kinds of natural dyes. The influences of pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting, and post-mordanting on the dyeing effect were explored. The post-mordanting was proved to give rise to the highest dye uptake. The effects of dyeing conditions including dyeing temperature and time, dyeing bath pH and the concentration of rare earth on the dye uptake were investigated systematically. The fabrics dyed with natural dyes in presence of rare earth as mordant exhibited high color shade stability in the baths with pH varying from being acidic to neutral and alkaline. Employing rare earth as mordant apparently raised the color fastness to washing, rubbing and light of the ramie fabrics dyed with the natural extracts. In comparison with the commonly used metallic salts, using rare earth chlorides as mordants can greatly reduce the ionic concentration employed in natural dyeing. This study proved that rare earth would be a kind or promising environmentally friendly mordant in natural dyeing.     

An innovative approach to the preparation of coloured and multifunctional silk material with the natural extracts from chestnut shell and black rice bran

In order to reutilise the byproducts of foods and crops to benefit the environment and economise on resources, the natural extracts from chestnut shell and black rice bran were applied in the simultaneous dyeing and multifunctionalisation of silk fabrics. In this work, the influence of pH value on dyeing properties was studied. The effects of the ratio of chestnut shell and black rice bran extracts and the application of mordants (aluminium potassium sulphate and ferrous sulphate) on the dyeing performance as well as anti-ultraviolet and antioxidant properties of treated silk were also discussed. The results showed that deep-coloured silk fabrics can be obtained when dyed with the two natural extracts as the pH value of the dyebath approached 3. The ratio of the two natural extracts and the use of the mordants have significant effects on colour depth, colour hue, colour fastness, and the functionalities of dyed silk fabrics. Combination dyeing and mordanting are able to enrich the colour hues of dyed fabrics. The washing, rubbing, and light fastness of the dyed fabrics after mordanting can be rated higher than grade 4. Moreover, the silk after combination dyeing has good UV protection performance (UPF > 30) and antioxidant activity. In addition, the functionalities of treated fabrics showed excellent washing fastness. This study reveals that chestnut shell and black rice bran extracts are suitable as natural colourants and multifunctional finishing agents for the preparation of coloured and multifunctional silk materials.     

Dyeing,fastness, and deodorizing properties of cotton,silk, and wool fabrics dyed with coffee sludge (Coffea arabica L.) extract

A natural colorant was extracted from Coffea arabica L., using water as extractant at 90°C for 90 min. Studies have been made on the dyeing, color fastness, and deodorization properties of cotton, silk, and wool fabrics dyed with Coffea arabica L. extract solutions. The best mordants were found to be FeSO_4, CuSO₄, and SnSO₄ for improving the color strength (K/S) of cotton, silk, and wool fabrics. Mordants MnSO₄, ZnSO₄, and NiSO₄ for cotton (Rating 3), and all mordants except MnSO₄ for silk (Rating 3), mordants CuSO₄, FeSO₄, CoSO₄, Al₂(SO₄)₃, and MnSO₄ for wool (Rating 4) were the best mordants to improve the light fastness. It was found that FeSO₄ and CuSO₄ were the best mordants for the improvements of color strength (K/S) and light fastness for silk and wool fabrics. In addition, it was found that cotton, silk, and wool fabrics dyed with the Coffea arabica L. extract showed good deodorization performance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 251–257, 2007     

An alternative natural dye,almond shell waste: effects of plasma and mordants on dyeing properties

In this study, the effect of the plasma process and the possibility of replacing metallic mordants with plasma treatment were investigated in natural dyeing with almond shell waste as a novel natural colorant. The use of a smaller amount of metallic mordants and plant than most of the current natural dye applications is a major advantage of dyeing with almond shell extract. Plasma‐treated and untreated wool fabrics were dyed without mordant and using a smaller amount (0.2 g/l) of alum, iron(ii ) sulfate and copper(ii ) sulfate. Three mordanting methods, namely premordanting, simultaneous mordanting and post‐mordanting, were applied. Colour measurements and light and wash fastness values were compared. Significant colour differences were observed among the mordanting methods. Simultaneous mordanting resulted in the lightest colours with all the mordants. Generally, post‐mordanting produced duller colours and lower a* and b* values than premordanting. The plasma process generated significant colour value differences and colour yield increases, giving more homogeneous dyeing visually, and also ensured a greater impact of mordanting. However, compared with metallic mordants, plasma itself did not create completely different colour shades and fastness improvement. It was necessary to use mordants in order to achieve increased fastness properties (especially light fastness) and a different colour gamut.     

核桃青皮醇提物对棉织物染色性能的研究

为解决天然染料核桃青皮染色色调单一的问题,以颜色特征值和染色牢度为指标,通过单因素和正交实验优化了影响染色效果的温度、时间、pH值及核桃青皮色素染液的质量浓度等因素,比较了单金属盐的不同媒染方法和双金属盐复配对纯棉织物染色性能的影响。结果表明,核桃青皮色素染色的优化条件为：温度90oC、质量浓度71.40 g/L、染浴pH=4.0、时间140 min。核桃青皮提取液染色棉织物色谱的范围广,耐摩擦牢度好;耐皂洗牢度上单金属盐媒染是后媒＞前媒＞同浴＞直接染色,双金属盐复配及Fe3+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Al3+、Cr6+等单金属盐媒染的耐皂洗色牢度均能达到3级以上。X-射线衍射分析表明棉织物内部结构未受影响,Fe3+、Fe2+、Cr6+、Sr2+、Na+和K+等单金属盐和Fe2+/Cu2+、Fe2+/Ti4+、Cu2+/Ti4+、Cu2+/Sn2+、Al3+/Cr6+、Cr6+/Ti4+和Cr6+/Sn2+等双金属盐媒染后的棉织物紫外线防护能力增强。     

Mordant dye application on cotton: optimisation and combination with natural dyes

It is well known that cotton fibres can be dyed through the formation of coordinate bonds involving cellulose chains, mordants such as alum, and natural dyes such as alizarin. Similarly, synthetic dyes known as mordant acid dyes can be used to dye wool fibres. Unlike mordant dyes on wool, the fastnesses of natural dyes on cotton are often low. Although concerns surrounding textile sustainability have sparked renewed interest in the use of natural dyes, extensive replacement of synthetic dyes with natural dyes is neither practical nor fundamentally possible. However, similarities in dyeing methods using mordant and natural dyes raise the possibility of using mordant dyes as alternatives to natural dyes in the dyeing of cotton. Further, the potential for combining suitable dyes from these two classes to expand the colour gamut currently available from natural dyes on cotton seem worthy of exploration. The results of this study indicate that shades comparable with those produced by natural dyes can be obtained on cotton using select mordant dyes following Fe²⁺ and Al³⁺ pretreatments. The best results were obtained using a two‐step/two‐bath process and dyes such as CI Mordant Blue 13 and CI Mordant Orange 6. In evaluations of mordant and natural dye combinations using the two mordant dyes logwood and Osage orange as prototypes, interesting fabric shades were obtained. However, the fastness properties of these dyes must be improved in order to produce commercially viable dyeings.     

Reactive dyeing of silk using commercial acid dyes based on a three‐component Mannich‐type reaction

Acid dyes are employed for commercially dyeing silk, which results in ionic bonds between the silk fibroin and the dye. This generally leads to low wet fastness properties for dyed silk fabrics. In this work, three commercial acid dyes with aromatic primary amine structures were selected to dye silk using a Mannich‐type reaction, resulting in improved wet fastness of dyed silk by forming covalent bonds between silk fibroin and dye. The Mannich‐type reactive dyeing was applied to silk fabrics at both 30 and 90°C in trials. Dyeing at 90°C can shorten the dyeing time compared with dyeing at 30°C, even although dye exhaustion and relative fixation at 90°C were a little lower. The dyeing process was optimised when the dyeing temperature was 90°C, dyebath pH 4, dye‐to‐formaldehyde ratio 1:30 and holding dyeing time 60 minutes. The results showed that the dye exhaustion on silk fabrics for the three aromatic primary amine‐containing acid dyes exceeded 94% and their relative fixation was over 80%. Their washing and rubbing fastness reached grade 4 or higher. Hence, the colour fastness properties of dyed silk fabrics using the Mannich‐type reactive dyeing method is superior to the conventional acid dyeing method using the same aromatic primary amine‐containing acid dyes. The Mannich‐type reactive dyeing for silk fabrics at 90°C can be developed into a novel and rapid reactive dyeing method, promising an effective dyeing process with excellent colour fastness.     

Evaluation of antimicrobial and dyeing properties of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husk extract for cosmetics

Walnut green husk is one of the main waste products from walnut and could be used as a source of natural dyeing compounds such as juglone. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effective use of walnut green husk extract as a natural hair dye. Dyeing properties, fastness and antimicrobial behaviours of dyed hair and also a skin irritation test for natural hair dye on rat skin were examined. When the extract was mixed with ascorbic acid as a developer, ferrous sulphate as a mordant, and Aloe vera extract used as a secondary mordant and also a cosmetic ingredient, the reaction resulted in a dark‐brown colour on hair samples. The dyed hair exhibited appropriate colour strength having excellent morphology for a hair surface coated with dye molecules. In addition, the dyed hair possessed good resistance to washing and daylight fastness, without any irritant properties as shown in a rat model, although high concentrations of iron‐based mordant may be problematic for long‐term usage. This paper also suggests the use of natural mordants such as lactic and oxalic acids to avoid any probable risks. Walnut green husk extract was an appropriate natural hair dyeing agent in practice and showed maximum antimicrobial activity compared with semi‐synthetic and commercial hair dyes. The results demonstrated that walnut green husk can be used as an economical, valuable, eco‐friendly and safe source of dyeing and antimicrobial agents for cosmetic products.