常温生长类金刚石薄膜的实验研究

利用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RFPECVD)工艺在常温下实现在不锈钢、硅片、玻璃等基底上大面积沉积类金刚石(DLC)膜.薄膜表面光滑致密,与衬底的结合力较高.用Raman,FTIR,SEM,EDX研究了薄膜的形貌、结构与组分.用栓-盘摩擦磨损试验机测试了薄膜的摩擦系数.通过优化沉积参数,所沉积的DLC膜在与100Cr6钢球对磨时摩擦系数低于0.01.在摩擦过程中DLC膜的磨损机制借助SEM进行了研究.     

非平衡磁控溅射类金刚石碳膜的性能

用非平衡磁控溅射的方法在室温下制备了光滑、均匀、致密的类金刚石(DLC)薄膜,分析和研究了DLC膜的形貌、结构和摩擦特性.结果表明,靶工作电流对DLC膜的沉积有重要的影响.随着工作电流的增大,薄膜的沉积速率增大,薄膜中sp3键的含量增加.薄膜的摩擦系数随着工作电流的增加略有增大,在摩擦的初始阶段,摩擦系数较高,随着摩擦循环次数的增加,摩擦系数逐渐减小,并逐渐趋于稳定.     

Ti6Al4V表面离子束辅助沉积DLC薄膜及其摩擦学性能研究

利用离子束辅助沉积(IBAD)的方法来制备含氢DLC薄膜,在球-盘微摩擦试验仪上对DLC薄膜及Ti6Al4V分别与超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)组成的摩擦副的摩擦学性能进行了研究.结果表明:在Ti6Al4V球表面用离子束辅助沉积技术可以沉积DLC薄膜,所制备的DLC薄膜能有效地减小摩擦系数,改善摩擦学性能,在干摩擦下DLC薄膜表现出一定的减摩作用,在生理盐水润滑的条件下,DLC薄膜具有优异的减摩作用.     

工况参数对类金刚石膜摩擦学性能的影响

采用非平衡磁控溅射技术在高速钢基体上以C2H2为反应气源制备了含氢类金刚石(DLC)膜.使用激光拉曼光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪和原子力显微镜分析和观察了DLC膜的微观结构及表面形貌,结果表明:DLC膜表面由纳米级别的圆形颗粒堆积而成,其结构呈现出DLC的典型Raman光谱特征,薄膜中的碳元素主要以sp2C键、sp3C键和C-O键的形式存在.以G Cr15钢球为摩擦配副,在球盘式摩擦磨损试验机上考察了DLC膜在大气干摩擦条件下的摩擦学性能.实验结果发现:在摩擦初始阶段,DLC膜的摩擦系数从实验开始到达峰值的时间随着载荷和速度的增大都是减少的;而在摩擦稳定阶段,DLC膜的平均摩擦系数随着载荷和速度的增大先减小后增大;速度对DLC膜摩擦系数的影响比载荷更加显著.用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨痕形貌并分析了磨损机理:DLC膜的磨损特征主要为以犁沟现象为主的粘着磨损.随着速度的增加,磨痕表面犁沟现象变弱;而随着载荷的增加,磨损表面的犁沟现象变明显.     

Si3N4球/DLC膜摩擦副在真空环境下的摩擦学行为研究

采用非平衡磁控溅射技术在高速钢基体上制备了类金刚石(DLC)膜。采用球盘式摩擦磨损试验机考察了DLC膜在大气和真空环境干摩擦条件下的摩擦学性能,并比较分析了GCr15钢球和Si3N4球不同摩擦配副对DLC膜的摩擦学性能。采用光学显微镜及扫描电镜观察了摩擦副的磨损表面形貌。研究结果表明:由于转移膜的形成Si3N4球/DLC膜摩擦副在大气下具有良好的摩擦学性能;而在真空条件下摩擦副易发生明显的粘着磨损,使摩擦系数、磨斑增加,磨损表面上存在着较多的片状磨屑和微米级颗粒。     

不锈钢、铝、铜合金表面超厚类金刚石薄膜的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

为了提高不锈钢、铝、铜合金的使用寿命及应用范围,采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术在3种不同基底上沉积超厚类金刚石(DLC)薄膜(28.3μm)。利用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、纳米压痕仪、划痕仪、球-盘摩擦试验机等表征方法对沉积在不锈钢、铝、铜合金表面上的超厚DLC薄膜进行性能测试分析。结果表明:铜合金基底上的超厚DLC薄膜由于其内应力过大出现部分剥落,不锈钢、铝合金基底上所制备的超厚DLC薄膜结构致密、膜基结合界面良好;不锈钢、铝、铜合金与碳的晶格不匹配性依次变大导致超厚DLC薄膜硬度与结合力依次变差。摩擦学性能测试表明,2 N载荷下摩擦系数可低至0.15,磨损率在(5.641～6.575)×10-7mm3/(N·m)范围内小幅度变化; 10 N载荷下铜合金基底上的超厚DLC薄膜因其内应力较大并且分布不均匀造成摩擦系数的急剧升高,薄膜被磨穿。铝合金上的超厚DLC薄膜磨损率最低,为3.204×10-7mm3/(N·m)。     

NiTi合金生物医用材料表面镀类金刚石薄膜的性能研究

用脉冲电弧离子镀技术在NiTi合金生物材料表面沉积了类金刚石(DLC)薄膜.研究分析结果表明制备的DLC薄膜是四面体非晶碳薄膜;随着DLC薄膜厚度的增加,薄膜的表面粗糙度增加,薄膜中sp3的含量减少;随着sp3含量的增加,薄膜的纳米硬度升高;划痕实验表明临界载荷大于0.9 N.研究得出与NiTi合金相比,DLC薄膜能够有效地降低摩擦系数和磨损.DLC薄膜的摩擦系数主要与薄膜的硬度及薄膜中sp3的含量有关,DLC薄膜的磨损主要是轻微的磨粒磨损及疲劳磨损.     

Si_3N_4球表面DLC膜在干摩擦条件下的摩擦学性能分析

采用非平衡磁控溅射技术在Si3N4球及高速钢基体上制备了类金刚石(DLC)膜。采用UMT-II型球盘式摩擦磨损试验机分别考察了Si3N4球、镀DLC膜Si3N4球及GCr15球的摩擦学性能,并分析了不同滑动速度和载荷下Si3N4球表面DLC膜的摩擦学性能。研究结果表明:Si3N4球的摩擦系数及磨损率约为GCr15球的一半,但因Si3N4球脆性较大,在摩擦过程中摩擦接触表面容易剥落;Si3N4球表面镀DLC膜能有效地改善Si3N4球脆性大的弱点,并具有良好的减摩作用;Si3N4球表面DLC膜所组成摩擦副的平均摩擦系数随着载荷的增加而增大;随着速度的增加摩擦副的摩擦系数先增大而后减小,滑动速度对摩擦副摩擦系数的影响比载荷明显。实验结果表明Si3N4球表面镀DLC膜适合于高速轻载的工况。     

环境温度对W_2N/Cu薄膜摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用射频磁控溅射仪制备W2N/Cu薄膜,采用高温摩擦磨损试验机、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和Bruker三维形貌仪对摩擦磨损性能及磨痕的相结构、形貌进行表征,采用"绝热法"定量计算了薄膜磨痕处所含物相的相对含量。实验表明,W2N/Cu薄膜的摩擦系数受环境温度的影响不明显;而磨损率和磨痕处产生的氧化物相对含量均随环境温度增加逐渐变大。分析表明,W2N/Cu薄膜的摩擦系数主要与磨痕中具有减摩作用的氧化相的量有关;而其磨损率主要与磨痕中具有层状结构的氧化相的量有关。     

类金刚石薄膜在干摩擦、油和脂润滑条件下的摩擦学性能分析

通过钢/类金刚石(DLC)薄膜摩擦副在干摩擦4、122油和L252脂润滑条件下的球-盘摩擦学试验,对比分析润滑条件、载荷、速度对DLC膜摩擦系数的影响,利用原子力显微镜分析膜层磨损性能,研究润滑条件对膜层磨损寿命的影响。结果表明:油、脂润滑下DLC膜最大静摩擦系数分别减小了17%和38%;从0～2000 r/min转速范围内,DLC膜摩擦系数随转速增加而减小,油润滑下相比干摩擦DLC膜摩擦系数小15%～48%,脂润滑下相比干摩擦DLC膜摩擦系数在0～500 r/min转速范围小,超过500 r/min后干摩擦DLC膜摩擦系数小;油和脂润滑条件下,DLC膜层的磨损程度明显降低,磨损率相比干摩擦条件下分别减小了7.4倍和15.5倍。     

用于微机电系统的类金刚石膜制备及表征

采用等离子体源离子注入和电子回旋共振-微波等离子体辅助化学气相沉积技术相结合的方法在Si衬底上制备出了性能良好的类金刚石膜.通过共聚焦Raman光谱验证了薄膜的类金刚石特性,用原子力显微镜、微摩擦计和扫描电镜等对薄膜的表面形貌、摩擦系数和耐磨损性能进行了表征和测量.结果表明,用离子注入法制备过渡层大大提高了DLC膜与衬底的结合强度,薄膜的表面比较光滑,粗糙度大约为0.198 nm,具有较低的摩擦系数(0.1～0.15),具有较好的耐磨损性能.     

钛离子注入类金刚石碳膜的结构与性能的研究

使用金属离子注入的方法制备了 Ti掺杂的DLC膜。采用原子力显微镜观察了薄膜的表面形貌,Ti掺杂后 DLC 膜的表面粗糙度明显减小,表面光洁度增加,颗粒细化。拉曼光谱分析表明实验获得的薄膜是典型的DLC膜,掺杂Ti后的 DLC膜的拉曼光谱存在明显的肩峰,DLC膜化学结构中的sp2 组分增加,sp3 组分减少。透射电子显微镜分析表明Ti注入后有TiC纳米晶形成。掺入Ti的 DLC膜的硬度从 14GPa增加到 20GPa。Ti 掺杂后的 DLC 膜的摩擦系数(0.15)明显低于未掺杂的DLC膜的摩擦系数(0.21),Ti离子注入有助于提高薄膜的抗磨损性。     

Analysis of plastic deformation in diamond like carbon films-steel substrate system with tribological tests

The influence of plastic deformation of the substrate on the tribological properties of diamond like carbon (DLC) films was investigated in DLC films-steel substrate system. The tribological properties of DLC films deposited on different hardness steel were evaluated by a ball on disk rotating-type friction tester at room temperature under different environments. In dry nitrogen, DLC films on soft steel exhibited excellent tribological properties, especially obvious under high load (such as 20 N and 50 N). However, DLC films on hard steel were worn out quickly at load of 20 N. Plastic deformation was observed on soft steel after tribological tests. The width and depth of plastic deformation track increased with increase of the experimental load. Super low friction and no measurable wear were kept in good condition even large plastic deformation under high load conditions in DLC films-soft steel system. In open air, DLC films on soft steel exhibited high coefficient of friction and DLC films on ball were worn out quickly. Plastic deformation was not observed on soft steel because the contact area increased and the thick hardened layer on contact surface were formed by DLC films and debris particles together on the steel substrate. The wear track on steel became deep and wide with increase of loads and DLC films were worn out. The experimental results showed that super low friction and high wear resistance of DLC films on soft steel can be attributed to the good adhesion and plastic deformation. Plastic deformation played an active role in the tribological properties of DLC films on soft steel in the present work.     

低温化学气相沉积两种DLC膜的摩擦性能研究

低温条件下在单晶硅表面沉积DLC膜和Si-DLC膜层,采用UMT-2微摩擦磨损实验机研究了两种膜层的摩擦磨损特性,借助拉曼光谱、X射线衍射仪及立体三维形貌仪分析了两种膜层的表面形貌和组成。使用扫描电子显微镜检测了两种膜层磨损后的表面形貌。结果表明两种膜层表面都非常平滑,属于纳米硬膜;两种膜层都具有良好的减摩托磨作用,其...     

脉冲真空电弧离子镀在不锈钢上沉积类金刚石薄膜的研究

利用脉冲真空电弧离子镀技术在3Cr13不锈钢上制备了类金刚石(DLC)薄膜,通过Raman光谱分析了膜的结构特征,采用摩擦磨损试验机测试了薄膜在不同载荷下的摩擦系数,运用划痕仪研究了膜基的结合强度.结果表明:所镀制的薄膜具有典型类金刚石结构特征,膜中ID/IG为1.33;摩擦系数随着载荷的增大而减小,载荷为5 N,转速120 r/min时的摩擦系数为0.12;Ti过渡层的引入显著地提高了膜基结合力.     

An examination of trace surface on diamond-like carbon film after ball-on disk measurement

Hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were prepared by the radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method on silicon substrates using methane (CH₄) and hydrogen (H₂) gas. The wear track on DLC films was examined after the ball-on disk (BOD) measurement with a Raman mapping method. The BOD measurement of DLC films was performed for 1 to 3 h with a 1-hour step time. The sliding traces on the hydrogenated DLC film after the BOD measurement were also observed using an optical microscope. The films synthesized in this work had a very low friction coefficient (about 0.06) and were adhered very well without peeling off during the BOD measurement even with very thin thickness. Energy dispersive X-ray spectra show the decrease of C atomic % and the increase of O atomic % according to the sliding time. The novel Raman mapping method effectively showed the graphitization of DLC films according to the sliding time.     

Friction and wear of Cr-doped DLC films under different lubrication conditions

In this paper, Cr-doped DLC films with various Cr contents were deposited on stainless steel plates by an ion beam deposition/magnetron sputtering hybrid method and the tribological performance of the samples was evaluated using a ball-on-disk tribometer. It was found that the influence of the Cr content in the Cr-doped DLC films on the friction coefficient when lubricated by PAO, 150SN, PAO + T307, or 150SN + T307 is insignificant while the friction coefficient of the Cr-doped DLC films under PAO + MoDTC or 150SN + MoDTC lubrication can be significantly reduced through the introduction of Cr at an optimum level into DLC films. The wear resistance of the DLC films under PAO, 150SN, PAO + MoDTC, or 150SN + MoDTC lubrication can be improved by the introduction of Cr into DLC films; but Cr doping is unbeneficial to the wear resistance of DLC films lubricated by PAO + T307 or 150SN + T307.     

Investigation of the microstructure, mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of Ti-containing diamond-like carbon films fabricated by a hybrid ion beam method

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films with various titanium contents were investigated using a hybrid ion beam system comprising an anode-layer linear ion beam source and a DC magnetron sputtering unit. The film composition and microstructure were characterized carefully by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, revealing that the doped Ti atoms had high solubility in the DLC films. The maximum solubility was found to lie between about 7 and 13 at.%. When the Ti content was lower than this solubility, the doped Ti atoms dissolved in the DLC matrix and the films exhibited the typical features of the amorphous DLC structure and displayed low compressive stresses, friction coefficients and wear rates. However, as the doped content exceeded the solubility, Ti atoms bonded with C atoms, resulting in the formation of carbide nano-particles embedded in the DLC matrix. Although the emergence of the carbide nano-particles promoted graphitizing due to a catalysis effect, the film hardness was enhanced to a great extent. On the other hand, the hard carbides particles caused abrasive wear behavior, inducing a high friction coefficient and wear rate.     

离子束类金刚石膜的摩擦磨损及耐蚀性能

研究了沉积类金刚石膜 (DLC)的 4 0Cr钢的摩擦磨损性质 ,定量分析了DLC膜的耐蚀性。研究表明 :DLC膜能显著降低 4 0Cr钢表面摩擦系数和表面粗糙度 ,在相同载荷条件下DLC膜的磨损速率比 4 0Cr钢低 2个数量级 ;在各种腐蚀介质中 ,DLC膜的腐蚀速率明显低于 4 0Cr的 ,且其电极电位、自然腐蚀电位和点蚀击穿电位均高于 4 0Cr钢的 ,表明DLC膜可提高 4 0Cr钢的耐蚀性能     

Characteristics and mechanical properties of titanium-containing diamond like carbon films deposited by cathodic arc evaporation

Depositions of titanium-containing diamond-like carbon (Ti-DLC) films were conducted by mixing C+ and Ti+ plasma streams originated from cathodic arc plasma sources in argon (Ar). The deposition was processed at Ti target current ranging from 20 Amp to 70 Amp. Film characteristics were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Film microstructures were evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM), an atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Mechanical properties were investigated by using a nanoindentation tester and ball on disc wear test. Results shows that surface roughness (Ra) of the films ranged between 2.4 and 7.2 nm and roughness increased relative to the increase in Ti target current. The FESEM studies showed that the surface micrographs of Ti-DLC films revealed a cauliflower-like microstructure and the cross-sectional micrograph revealed a snake-skin like structure. HRTEM studies showed that the Ti-DLC films consisted of nano scale TiC particles which were comparable with low angle XRD and XPS results. XPS analysis established that the Ti2p spectrum is present when the Ti target current reaches 30 Amp or higher. Ti concentration increased as the Ti target current was increased. An extremely thin TiO2 layer exists on the top of the Ti-DLC films which was comparable with the AES results. The film thickness which could be deposited for Ti-DLC is much higher than that of conventional DLC films. Nanoindentation tests show that the nanohardness of the films ranging 15-22 GPa, with Er values ranging from 145 to 175 GPa. The wear test demonstrates the friction coefficient of the 420SS substrate, DLC and Ti-DLC films were about 0.8, 0.3 and 0.2, respectively. Obviously, the friction coefficients of the Ti-DLC films were lower than that of the DLC films.