金川集团公司跻身中国首批创新型试点企业

今年来，江铜集团在“做大，做强”的进程中，顺应世界经济发展的潮流，适时调整思路，转变观念，落实科学发展观，转变经济增长方式，大力发展循环经济，努力探索企业可持续发展之路。江铜集团在发展循环经济中，精密结合企业实际，存分利用现有资源，有计划地稳步向前发展，取得了低投入，高产出，效益最大化和人文环境和谐的优异成绩。中央新闻媒体一直十分关注江铜集团循环经济的发展，     

静脉用药中的观察与护理体会

静脉输液是临床常用的给药方法，近年来，由于刺激性药物，高营养剂，抗肿瘤药等药品的广泛应用，在增加疗效的同时，也存在不少的不良反应，应引起医护人员的高度重视。为确保医疗安全，防止差错事故发生，护士应掌握药理知识，加强用药护理，及时观察药物不良反应，对确保患者安全、合理有效用药具有重要的意义。     

抓好凝聚力建设 搞活人才机制

一、机制僵化对企业的束缚及对策在计划经济下成长起来的大型国有企业，受政府机构的影响，强调上下对口，从而导致机构庞大，沟通困难，信息失灵，官僚主义盛行，对个人工作评价困难，抑制了企业的创新，削弱了企业的应变能力。企业越大，工作人员就越希望到总公司去工作，在那里坐办公室工作清闲且可以亲近领导，得到更多的晋升机会，往往为了照顾个人情绪，因人设职，因人设岗，机关臃肿，办事扯皮多、效率差。由此造成诸多不良后果。１．随着机构越来越庞大，企业运转起来更加困难，上下级、部门之间的联系不断减弱。公司的制度越来越多…     

2004年中国钢材市场分析及2005年展望

2004年中国钢材市场需求旺盛增长，资源供应充足，价格行情剧烈震荡。预计新一年需求形势依然看好，新增资源可以满足消费需求，供求关系拉动价格进一步上涨的空间不大；另一方面，全球性原料价格居高不下，持续抬高钢材生产成本，整体钢材市场价格坚挺，深幅下跌的可能性亦不大。此外，种种迹象表明，国际钢材市场价格已近峰顶，今后有可能向下调整，但由于目前国内钢材价格已经低于国际水平，因此，     

河北省冶金工业改革与发展的足迹

1992年至1997年的5年间，河北省冶金工业战线抓住机遇，深化改革，扩大开放，加快发展，积极进行“第二次创业”，加速增长方式转变，实现了持续快速发展，整体实力增强，经济效益提高。理顺思路：唱好结构调整“重头戏”1991年，全省产钢420万吨，生铁59O万吨，钢材327万吨，已脐身于全国几个钢铁大省行列。但是，比较而言，整个冶金工业运行质量还不够高，产品结构不合理、比例失调的问题还比较严重。突出的矛盾是结构不合理，主要表现是：铁多，钢少；普碳钢多，优质钢少；钢材品种大路货多，高技术、高附加值的钢材少；企业分散，规模…     

危中求机促发展——对2009年钢铁工业发展形势的思考及建议

一、形势严峻，前景光明，挑战机遇同在 面对当前复杂多变的严峻形势，我们一定要保持冷静头脑，立足大局，坚持用一分为二的观点正确认识形势，既要看到形势的严峻性，树立危机感，把困难估计得更充分一些，把措施准备得更周密一些，万万不可掉以轻心，做到有备无患；又要坚定必胜信心，危中求机，扬长避短，从困难中寻找发展机遇，保持国民经济平稳较快发展。这就要求我们首先应该对当前形势要有正确的分析判断。按照中央经济工作会议精神和有关专家分析预测，     

楚歌掠过电解槽简

亲，您有这种感觉吗？高兴时，年轻人都会聚在一起，喝点小酒，再去K歌，几首跑调的歌吼下来，满头大汗，压力很快得到释放。然而今天，我却想带着大家去听一组悲情的歌。听完之后，身处行业内外的亲们，     

论CLFY003-R-1模具开裂

铝合金挤压模具开裂是常见的疑难问题，尤其是舌形组合模，其用于高铁，但开发比较晚，结构复杂，挤压力不均，分流腔金属流分配不合理，焊合仓温度偏低，模具钢材质差，分流腔设计不合理，珠光体级别低，所有这些都会造成模具开裂，针对近期模具出现的问题，本文从几个方面综合分析该缺陷的成因和解决办法。     

氟化铵置换络合滴定法快速测定硅铝钙钡合金中铝

于强碱分离后的试液中，加入过量的EDTA，调节PH=5～6，加热煮沸，使EDTA与Al^3 及可能存在的少量Fe^3 、Pb^2 、Zn^2 等一起配位络合，以PAN为指示剂，用铜标准溶液滴定过剩的EDTA，然后加入氟化铵，煮沸，F^-选择性地与Al-EDTA配位络合物中的Al^3 络合，置换出相应量的EDTA，再以铜标准溶液滴定其EDTA，由于EDTA的量与Al^3 相当，间接求得铝量。     

济钢2×36m^2烧结机降低烧结矿含粉率的生产实践

生产实践证明，烧结矿中小于5mm粉末含量，对高炉料柱的透气性，特别是对高炉上部的透气性影响很大，烧结矿含粉率增加，会恶化料柱的透气性，导致炉况不顺，风压升高，风量减少，产量降低，焦比升高。据统计，烧结矿含粉率降低10％，可降低焦比1．6％，产量增加7．6％。济钢2×36m^2烧结机年产量110万吨，近两年，随着济钢采用全进口粉进行烧结，不断探索     

2004年铁合金市场回顾与2005年展望

2004年国际和国内铁合金价格波动较大，全年价格总体水平较往年有较大增长。2004年我国铁合金行业产销两旺，全年产量和出口量均创历史新高，市场价格较往年也有明显改善。但是，铁合金行业发展过热已引起国家有关部门和业界的高度重视，并相继出台了一系列相关的产业政策和调控、指导性措施，对整个铁合金行业的发展产生了深远影响。文章从生产、消费及进出口等方面对2004年中国铁合金市场进行了分析并对2005年市场前景进行了预测。     

Integrated Two-Dimensional Surface and Three-Dimensional Subsurface Contaminant Transport Model Considering Soil Erosion and Sorption

To investigate the complex hydrological, morphodynamic, and environmental processes in watersheds, a physically-based integrated two-dimensional (2D) surface and three-dimensional (3D) subsurface model for flow, soil erosion and transport, and contaminant transport in the surface-subsurface system is presented in this paper. The model simulates the rainfall-induced surface flow by solving the depth-averaged 2D diffusion wave equation and the variably-saturated subsurface flow by solving the 3D mixed-form Richards equation. The surface and subsurface flow equations are coupled using the continuity conditions of pressure and exchange flux at the ground surface. The model uses the concept of nonequilibrium in the depth-averaged 2D simulation of nonuniform total-load sediment transport in upland fields, considering detachments by rainsplash and hydraulic erosion driven by surface flow. The integrated 2D surface and 3D subsurface contaminant transport model takes into account the contaminant changes due to sediment sorption and desorption, as well as exchanges between surface and subsurface domains due to infiltration, diffusion, and bed change. The model applies the same set of surface equations of flow, sediment, and contaminant transport for describing both upland areas and streams, so that no special treatments are required at their interface. The established model has been evaluated by comparisons with published experimental, numerical, and analytical data and then applied in an agricultural watershed. The model is suitable for wetland areas and agricultural watersheds in which streams are not very narrow and deep, and meanwhile a relatively fine mesh that can distinguish the streams is preferred.     

Evaporation Research: Review and Interpretation

Literature regarding evaporation from soil, wet plant surfaces, and sprinkler droplets was examined, normalized, and interpreted. Much of the evaporation literature is difficult to compare and interpret; this paper offers comparisons and discussions of various findings by others as well as by the writers. Techniques of measuring and estimating evaporation from irrigation and rainfall are discussed. The partitioning between increased evaporation and decreased transpiration from a variety of research is quantified. Factors that impact the various forms of evaporation are listed and quantified. This review and summary will provide practitioners and researchers with theoretical and practical guidance on measurement techniques and estimates of evaporation under a wide range of conditions.     

Dynamic Modeling of Hydraulic Shovel Excavators for Geomaterials

The hydraulic shovel excavator has found significant applications in surface mining, construction, and geotechnical operations due to its flexibility and mobility. The key to high availability and utilization of this shovel is adequate understanding of machine dynamics and machine-formation interactions among other technical, operating, safety, and economic factors. These shovels are capital intensive, complex in design and operation within severely constrained environments. Detailed dynamic modeling and analysis are required to understand their effective utilization for achieving efficient operating performance and economic useful lives. Previous attempts at solving these problems are limited because they do not provide knowledge on the resistive forces and moments for efficient excavation. In this paper, the Newton-Euler techniques are used to develop hydraulic shovel dynamic models with numerical examples. Detailed analysis of the results shows that: (1) the kinematics of the stick-bucket joint (joint 3) is the most critical and effective control of this joint and is important input into efficient excavation design and execution; and (2) the highest resistive moments occur between the duration of 1.5 and 2.0?s after the start of formation excavation and the highest magnitudes are 1,500?Nm (for stick), 900?Nm (for bucket), and 600?Nm (for boom). Based on these results, the path trajectories, dynamic velocity and acceleration profiles, and dimensioned parameters for optimum feed force, torques, and momentum of shovel boom-bucket assembly can be modeled and used for efficient excavation. The optimum digging forces and resistances for the hydraulic shovel excavator can also be modeled and used to predict optimum excavation performance.     

Probabilistic Capacity Models for Corroding Posttensioning Strands Calibrated Using Laboratory Results

The presence of air voids, moisture, and chlorides inside tendons or ducts was cited as a reason for the early age strand corrosion and failure in the Mid-bay, Sunshine Skyway, and Niles Channel posttensioned (PT) bridges in Florida, United States. Although rare, these incidents call for frequent inspection and structural reliability assessment of PT bridges exposed to moisture and chlorides. This paper develops and presents probabilistic strand capacity models that are needed to assess the structural reliability of such PT bridges and recommends a time frequency of inspection. A total of 384 strand test specimens were exposed to various void, moisture, and chloride concentration conditions for 12 and 21 months; the remaining tension capacities were then determined. Using this experimental data and a Bayesian approach, six probabilistic capacity models were developed based on the void type. The mean absolute percentage errors of these models are less than 4%, indicating that reasonably accurate prediction of the strand capacity is possible, when void, aggressive moisture, and chloride conditions are present.     

天铁科技成果管理工作实践

论述了科技成果管理的内容和意义,结合企业实际介绍了天铁科技管理的制度、体系及实施效果。通过科技创新体系和成果管理制度建设,“十一五”期间促进了科技成果的开发和转化,有多个项目分别列人天津市技术创新重点为项目、天津市二十项重点项目,推动了企业持续快速发展。     

天铁物料结算系统的开发设计

天铁为了解决物料结算由于手工操作出现的差错率高、控制成本困难等问题,开发设计了计算机物料结算系统。从系统的安全性、网络和硬件的实现等方面,介绍了该系统的主要功能和特点及运行情况。系统运行情况证明,该系统的开发实现了数据共享和集中存储,完善了采购和销售的各环节,程序运行稳定,提高了工作效率。     

钛渣酸解过程中物相变化特征探讨

明确物相变化是剖析钛渣酸解机理和改进酸解工艺的关键点之一.综合应用化学分析、X射线衍射(XRD)分析、矿物解离分析以及扫描电镜形貌分析对某74钛渣酸解过程中主要物相的含量、形貌变化以及Ti、Si两种元素的含量及赋存变化进行了研究.结果表明:钛渣主要由黑钛石和辉石组成,酸解过程中黑钛石含量逐渐减小,辉石含量逐渐增加;反应...     

Behind closed doors: In-home workers' experience of sexual harassment and workplace violence.

The authors developed and tested a structural model predicting personal and organizational consequences of workplace violence and sexual harassment for health care professionals who work inside their client's home. The model suggests that workplace violence and sexual harassment predict fear of their recurrence in the workplace, which in turn predicts negative mood (anxiety and anger) and perceptions of injustice. In turn, fear, negative mood, and perceived injustice predict lower affective commitment and enhanced withdrawal intentions, poor interpersonal job performance, greater neglect, and cognitive difficulties. The results supported the model and showed that the associations of workplace violence and sexual harassment with organizational and personal outcomes are indirect, mediated by fear and negative mood. Conceptual implications for understanding sexual harassment and workplace violence, and future research directions, are suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Design Error Classification, Causation, and Prevention in Construction Engineering

Construction and engineering practitioners have found it increasingly difficult to learn from their mistakes, particularly with regard to the prevention, identification and/or containment of design errors. Yet, design errors have been the root cause of numerous catastrophic accidents that have resulted in the death and injury of workers and members of the public. This paper examines and classifies the nature of error and design error causation in construction and engineering projects. A review of the normative literature revealed that design errors are caused by an array of factors that can work interdependently. A generic framework is developed that classifies design error according to people, the organization, and project is presented. The paper suggests that people, over and above organizational and project management strategies, have the greatest propensity to reduce errors through the process of situated learning and knowing. This is because the working environment provided by an organization and the processes used to deliver construction and engineering projects influence the nature and ability of people to undertake tasks. Consequently, there is no single but rather a multitude of strategies that need to be adopted in congruence to reduce design errors so that safety and project performance are ameliorated.