Capacity improvement of multicarrier DS-CDMA system with antenna array

An antenna array based base station receiver for multicarrier Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access （DS-CDMA） system is proposed. The main advantage of the receiver is that the spatial diversity is achieved by combining signals of array elements. Based on the detailed analysis of multiuser interference and noise characteristics, the performance of the proposed receiver is analyzed. Theoretical analysis shows significant performance improvement in terms of system capacity due to the use of antenna arrays compared with the conventional single antenna multicarrier DS-CDMA approach. Simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis.     

Improved base station circular antenna array receiver for wireless CDMA systems

A Spatial interpolation technique for the upsampling of uniform circular arrays (UCAs), beyond spatial aliasing, is considered. The UCA interpolation algorithm is used as a preprocessing procedure in the reverse link to improve the performance of a cellular code division multiple access (CDMA) system. The motivation is to enhance the system's capacity and array resolution and reduce the fading and coupling effects with minimal receiver hardware and cost. At the base station, we propose to place the antenna elements uniformly on an imaginary circumference farther apart than/2, where is the free-space wavelength. The resulting UCA possesses superior resolution, less coupling effects than a corresponding UCA with the same number of elements and circumferential spacing less than or equal to/2, and possibly higher diversity gain. In order to increase the system's capacity and eliminate any spatial aliasing, we propose to interpolate the UCA to within the spatial Nyquist rate. This is achieved by placing a virtual antenna element halfway on the circumference between every two adjacent antenna elements. Simulations results are provided to support our claims.     

Successive beamforming,multiuser detection and diversity reception for multicarrier DS-CDMA system with antenna array

Code-Division Multiple-Access (CDMA) systems are interference limited,and therefore efficient interference management is necessary to enhance the performance of a CDMA system.In this paper,a successive beamforming (spatial filtering),linear decorrelating MultiUser Detection (MUD, temporal filtering) and diversity reception structure for uplink multicarrier Direct Sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) system with antenna array are proposed.By beamforming,the antenna array suppresses interference according to the distinct array signature.Subsequently,linear decorrelating MUD is ap- plied to separate the signals of different users and eliminate Multiple Access Interference (MAI).Finally, the decorrelated signals at different subcarriers that belong to the same user are combined to achieve frequency diversity.Simulation results show that the proposed structure offers significant Bit Error Rate (BER) performance improvement by successively exploiting the space-time-frequency processing.     

阵列天线多载波DS-CDMA系统基于子空间的信道估计

阵列天线多载波DS-CDMA系统在未来移动通信中具有重要的应用前景。本文研究了阵列天线多载波DS-CD MA系统基于子空间的信道盲估计方法。通过在阵列天线多载波DS-CDMA系统下构造统一的信号模型,实现了基于子空间的信道盲估计。仿真结果表明所提出的方法可有效地对阵列天线多载波DS-CDMA系统的信道参数进行估计,并可抵抗适度的远近效应。     

New LSCM blind multiuser detection algorithm for antenna array CDMA system

Two blind multiuser detection algorithms for antenna array in Code Division Multiple Access （CDMA） system which apply the linearly constrained condition to the Least Squares Constant Modulus Algorithln （LSCMA） are proposed in this paper. One is the Linearly Constrained LSCMA （LC-LSCMA）, the other is the Preprocessing LC-LSCMA （PLC-LSCMA）. The two algorithms are compared with the conventional LSCMA. The results show that the two algorithms proposed in this paper are superior to the conventional LSCMA and the best one is PLC-LSCMA.     

Performance of space-frequency combining at the antenna array of a MC-CDMA system

In this paper, a multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) system employing antenna array at base station with quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation is proposed. This receiver adopts a space-frequency two-dimensional (2-D) Rake receiver structure. Based on the detailed analysis of the interference characteristics of the proposed system, the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system is provided. With regard to spatial domain combining, the optimum and suboptimum combining weight is derived, while the suboptimum set of weights is simplified on sense of that only the knowledge of array vector of desired user alone is sufficient for the combining. Simulation results verify the analysis and show that better performance is achieved for the proposed antenna array MC-CDMA system than the corresponding single antenna approach.     

多小区大规模阵列天线系统盲解码算法

针对多小区大规模阵列天线系统中干扰小区的导频复用造成的导频污染和解码性能下降问题,提出了基于ICA（独立分量分析）盲解码算法。所提盲解码算法,利用ICA法对接收多小区用户信号进行分离解码,不需要发射导频序列,避免了导频污染,提高了解码性能。所提盲解码算法在解码过程中同时估计各个用户波达方向,利用波达方向信息克服ICA方法分离顺序的不确定性,识别期望用户的信号。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提盲解码方法比广泛应用的MMSE解码算法和最近提出的基于特征值的盲解码方法具有更好的性能。     

Blind multiuser detection for V-BLAST coded multicarrier CDMA system

Focusing on the space-time coded multiuser mobile communication systems in the frequencyselective fading environment, this paper proposes a Vertical Bell labs LAyered Space-Time （V-BLAST） coded Multicarrier Code-Division Multiple-Access （MC-CDMA） scheme and its blind channel identification algorithm. This algorithm employs an ESPRIT-like method and the singular value decomposition, and the channels between every transmit antenna of every user and every receive antenna of the base station are blindly estimated with a closed-form solution. Based on it, an equivalent Minimum Mean-Squared Error （MMSE） time-domain multiuser detector is derived. Moreover, the proposed scheme exploits the precoding in the transmitter in order to eliminate the constraint of more receive antennas than transmit ones, required by most conventional V-BLAST codec schemes. Computer simulation results demonstrate the validity of this proposed scheme.     

一种自适应阵列天线波束赋形合成算法

自适应阵列天线中的波束赋形技术是智能天线数字信号处理部分的核心,在介绍和比较常用波束赋形算法以及RLS算法的基础上,提出了-种改进的RLS算法以提高系统的性能。对于用自适应阵列天线改善GPRS基站系统,提高其容量、减少干扰信号、提高信噪比、提高系统频谱利用率有很大的现实意义。     

Broadband circularly polarized CPW-fed slot antenna array for millimeter wave application

A broadband and circularly polarized 1×4 linear antenna array composed of CPW-fed slot elements for millimeter wave application is discussed. Through a special short-circuiting stub perturbation method, the circular ring slot element achieves circular polarization and a broad bandwidth. Through a parallel feeding network, the array achieves a broad impedance bandwidth of 19% with VSWR?2 and CP bandwidth of 18.4% with AR?3 dB and has a peak gain of about 6.8 dB.     

Broadband multimode antenna and its array for wireless communication base stations

A wideband dual‐polarized antenna coupling cross resonator is proposed for LTE700/GSM850/GSM900 base stations. An additional resonance is introduced to obtain strong coupling between the dipole and resonator. Moreover, the input impedance of the proposed antenna is steadily close to 50 Ω, which results in better impedance matching. Therefore, a wide bandwidth can be achieved with multiresonance. A prototype is fabricated to verify the proposed design. The measured results show that the antenna has a fractional bandwidth of 35.7% from 690 MHz to 990 MHz for |S₁₁| < ?15 dB. Stable radiation patterns as well as gain are also obtained over the entire operating band. Moreover, a five‐element antenna array with an electrical downtilt of 0° to 14° is developed for modern base station applications. Measurement shows that a wide impedance bandwidth of 34.7% (690 MHz to 980 MHz), stable HPBW (3‐dB beamwidth) of 65 ± 5°, and high gain of 13.8 ± 0.6 dBi are achieved with electrical downtilts of 0°, 7°, and 14°.     

旋转矢量法结合最大值法校准宽角相控阵天线

介绍了相控阵天线的远场校准方法——旋转矢量法,利用HFSS仿真软件对4×4元相控阵天线扫描角为0°状态进行校准仿真,效果优良;在宽角校准时,采用旋转矢量法结合最大值法进行校准,用CST仿真软件结合该方法进行仿真,效果良好;最后进行试验测试,对4×4元相控阵天线在两维宽角范围内进行校准。结果证明该方法能有效校准小阵面宽角扫描相控阵天线。     

Modified SMC method of blind multiuser detection for DS-CDMA systems over fading channels

This paper presents the application of sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methodology for blind detection in wireless direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems over fading channels. It is known that the conventional SMC method requires a high-computational complexity that grows exponentially with the number of active users. This paper proposes a solution to this problem by employing Cholesky factorization to decompose the observed data into separate components for each user and then the parameters of each user are estimated with the SMC inference method under the decision feedback framework. Based on these concepts, an efficient blind decision feedback SMC (DF-SMC) receiver is developed for differentially encoded DS-CDMA systems. Simulation results demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed receiver for both flat fading and frequency-selective fading channels.     

Performance enhancement of patch antenna array for 5.8 GHz Wi-MAX applications using metamaterial inspired technique

Though a microstrip patch antenna has advantages of low profile and structural planarity, but a single microstrip patch antenna has limitation of low gain and narrow bandwidth. To overcome these problems, multi-layer structures are used. The antenna performance can further be enhanced, if multi-layer structures are designed for array of patch antennas. Moreover, the simultaneous improvement of gain and bandwidth, which are two conflicting parameters, is another challenge. To meet these challenges, this article proposes a microstrip patch antenna array, inspired with a superstrate – comprising of Split Ring Resonators (SRR) and wire strips. Gain and bandwidth of 4.3 dBi and 425 MHz, respectively, is achieved by an unloaded array at IEEE 802.16a 5.8 GHz Wi-MAX band. However, by covering this array with the proposed superstrate, gain and bandwidth of 12.1 dBi and 780 MHz, respectively, is obtained, thus providing the gain improvement of 7.8 dBi and bandwidth enhancement of 355 MHz. Fabrication and testing of the proposed antenna is done for comparing simulated and measured results. Equivalent circuit of this newly devised array has been designed and discussed.     

小型化高频地波雷达舰船目标检测方法

针对OSMAR2003型小型化高频地波雷达系统的目标检测问题,讨论了对小型化高频地波雷达系统低信杂比回波信号的优化处理过程,给出了一种峰值检测后同时在距离域、多普勒域和波束域进行联合的三维联合恒虚警( CFAR)目标检测方法,利用高分辨力测向算法对检测到的目标进行方位估计,然后利用最邻近法进行目标关联得到目标点航迹,最后结合小型化高频地波超视距雷达的实测数据验证了三维CFAR检测器的有效性。     

An improved subspace tracking algorithm for blind adaptive multiuser detection

As the Projection Approximation Subspace Tracking with deflation(PASTd) algorithm is sensitive to impulsive noise, an improved subspace tracking algorithm is proposed and applied to blind adaptive multi-user detection. Simulation results show that the improved PASTd algorithm not only remains the properties of the conventional PASTd algorithm, but also has good Bit Error Rate(BER) performance in impulsive noise environment, thus it can effectively improve the system performance.     

Blind Joint Symbol Detection and DOA Estimation for OFDM System with Antenna Array

An analysis of the received signal of Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with array antennas shows that the received signal has trilinear model characteristics. Trilinear decomposition-based joint symbol detection and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for OFDM system with antenna array is proposed in this paper. The simulation results reveal that the symbol detection performance of the proposed algorithm is very close to the post-FFT receiver with perfect channel state information; DOA estimation performance is very close to least squares method, and even this algorithm supports small sample sizes. Finally this algorithm does not require the channel fading information, DOA and training sequence or pilot information, so it has blind characteristics.

基于FBG阵列的滑动探测系统设计

为了实现机械结构中夹持状态的实时监测,避免施力过大造成损坏或施力过小造成滑落,设计了一种基于FBG阵列的滑动探测系统。利用正交分布FBG阵列实现对不同方向滑动的感知,通过解算各位置上FBG波长偏移量完成对目标位置与滑动状态的分析。给出了系统结构设计及计算方法,仿真分析了不同参数的FBG对物体的滑动测试效果。仿真结果显示,采用lFBG=10 mm,h=4 mm的参数选择可以在保证空间分辨精度的基础上达到最大灵敏度。实验中,传感单元采用60 mm×40 mm×10 mm的硅胶体构成,内部预埋5个FBG构成传感阵列。实验结果显示,在x轴和y轴方向上,其灵敏度分别为0.0051 nm/N和0.0063 nm/N。FBG波长偏移量的变化曲线可以明确表征在传感模块上被测物的状态(静止、开始滑动、稳定滑动)。针对不同滑动速度进行了测试,FBG产生的波长偏移量变化所占时长与滑动时长成比例,即可通过波形完成滑动时长的解算。     

PERFORMANCE OF MULTIUSER DETECTION FOR CDMA SYSTEM IN A FLAT RAYLEIGH FADING ENVIRONMENT

In a CDMA communication network using conventional signal detection, system capacity is limited and its performance is degraded by the multi-access interference (MAI). Multiuser detection, which makes use of cross-correlation information between spread spectrum codes, can reduce or eliminate the MAI in a Gaussian channel so as to mitigate the near-far effects and increase the system capacity. This paper extends the multiuser detector to a flat Rayleigh fading CDMA environment, and discusses the bit error rate of typical multiuser detection algorithms in such a environment by combining theoretical analysis and computer simulation. It is shown that multiuser detection is superior to conventional detections in the flat Rayleigh fading channels.     

JOINT SPACE－FREQUENCY MULTIUSER SYMBOL DETECTOR FOR MC－CDMA SYSTEM WITH UNIFORM LINEAR ARRAY

The MultiCarrier COde Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) scheme is promising for relieving capacity limit problems of Direct Sequence(DS-CDMA systems due to serious InterCip Interference(ICI) and MultiUser Interference(MUI)in high-data-rate wireless communication systems.In this paper the Uniform Linear Array(ULA) is applied to the base station of macrocellular MC-CDMA systems in a frequency-selective fading channel environment.A joint space-frequency multiuser symblo sequence detector is developed for all active users within one macrocell without space-frequency channel estimation.Simultaneously,Directions-of -Arrivals (ODAs)of all active users can also be estimated.By dividing the ULA into two identical overlapping subarrays,a specific auxiliary matrix is constructed,which includes both symbol sequence and DOA information of all active users,Then,based on the subspace method,performing the eigen decomposition on such auxiliary matrix,the closed-form solution of symbol sequences and DOAs for all active users can be obtained.In comparison with schemes based on channel estimation,our algorithm need not explicitly estimate the space-frequency channel for each active user,so it has lower computation complexity,Extensive computer simulations demonstrate the overall performance of this novel scheme.