催化裂化柴油用FCC催化剂吸附精制的研究

初步研究了一种精制催化裂化柴油的新方法－－催化剂吸附精制法。重点考察了催化裂化装置催化剂对氮化物、硫化物及有色物质的脱除作用，以期提高催化裂化柴油的安定性。     

废FCC催化剂吸附双酚A水溶液的研究

利用酸处理后的废FCC催化剂吸附水溶液中的双酚A(BPA),考察了不同条件下废FCC催化剂对BPA的吸附效果。结果表明,废FCC催化剂具有较大的比表面积和孔结构,298 K时0. 2 g废FCC催化剂吸附40 mg/L的BPA,吸附率可达97%,平衡吸附量9. 7 mg/g。废FCC催化剂对BPA的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,且吸附过程可以用准二级动力学方程描述。多次的解吸与再生实验表明,废FCC催化剂具有良好的再生性能,可以重复使用。     

提高FCC烯烃收率的催化剂添加剂

传统的FCC催化剂是基于USY型沸石，该催化剂选择性地将长链碳氢化合物裂解成小分子碳氢化合物、汽油组分、轻重催化裂化油以及其他产品。使用ZSM型沸石分子筛作为添加剂，由于其孔径较小，使该催化剂对于裂解直链和短链烯烃比USY型沸石分子筛更有效。催化剂和化学品工业公司开发并推出了一种使用磷对其SAM-5型添加剂改性的产品。与传统的添加剂相比较，这种新型添加剂可以提高汽油的辛烷值和低级烯烃（包括丙烯和丁烯）的收率，[第一段]     

废FCC催化剂合成柱形13X沸石分子筛及其吸附性能研究

废FCC催化剂研磨后与高岭土进行混合、成型,制得柱形前驱体,在3.5 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中室温陈化24 h,在80℃水热条件下晶化24 h,制备柱形13X沸石分子筛。考察了晶化时间、温度、碱度和陈化时间对合成13X沸石分子筛的影响,同时发现添加晶种可以加快晶化速率。对合成的柱形13X沸石分子筛进行BET、SEM、静态吸水率测试、气体吸附测试等表征,结果表明其具有较高的结晶度,较大的比表面积,晶体外形规则,静态吸水率能达到25.8%,对CO_2/N_2、CO_2/CH_4有较好的吸附分离能力,能够达到柱形13X沸石的国家标准。     

巴斯夫推出新型FCC催化剂

巴斯夫公司日前推出一种新型流化催化裂化（FCC）催化剂,这种被命名为Aegis的FCC催化剂可以最大化提高FCC装置燃料收率。     

废FCC催化剂合成柱形13X沸石分子筛及其吸附性能研究

废FCC催化剂研磨后与高岭土进行混合、成型,制得柱形前驱体,在3.5 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中室温陈化24 h,在80℃水热条件下晶化24 h,制备柱形13X沸石分子筛.考察了晶化时间、温度、碱度和陈化时间对合成13X沸石分子筛的影响,同时发现添加晶种可以加快晶化速率.对合成的柱形13X沸石分子筛进行BET、SEM、静...     

微湿空气法处理催化剂对FCC汽油吸附脱硫的研究

用水蒸气处理的Y型分子筛作为载体,以硝酸锌为活性组分,制备了一种FCC汽油吸附脱硫催化剂.改变反应器温度、水蒸气温度以及空气流速制备一系列载体,在载体上负载不同质量分数的硝酸锌溶液,得到催化剂.利用制备的催化剂在微型反应装置中进行FCC汽油脱硫实验,考察温度、空速对催化剂吸附脱硫活性的影响.结果表明:水蒸汽的产生温度5...     

硅溶胶用作FCC催化剂粘结剂的研究现状

介绍了硅溶胶的性质,总结了单质溶解法、离子交换法、电解渗析法、胶溶法、分散法等制备方法,论述了pH值、溶胶粒子粒径、助剂及其他影响因素对硅溶胶稳定性的影响,并对粘结剂用硅溶胶的发展前景做了展望。     

FCC催化剂的清洁化生产技术

综述了近年来中国石油兰州石化公司催化剂厂的流化催化裂化（FCC）催化剂装置开发和采用的清洁化生产技术。通过FCC生产装置清洁生产技术改造,降低了原料消耗和对环境的污染,初步达到了清洁生产的目标。     

催化裂化汽油在多元沸石基催化剂上加氢改质研究

采用浸渍法分别制备了以丝光沸石（HM）、Hβ和HZSM-5及其组合为载体的沸石基Ni-Mo-P催化剂,考察了载体组成对催化裂化汽油加氢改质反应性能的影响。结果表明,由适宜比例的三者组合得到的沸石基Ni-Mo-P催化剂具有良好的加氢异构化、脱硫、芳构化活性及稳定性,可在催化裂化汽油脱硫降烯烃的同时保证产品的辛烷值不降低。考察了工艺条件对三元沸石基Ni-Mo-P催化剂反应性能的影响。在温度300 ℃、氢油体积比350、液相体积空速2.5 h-1和反应压力1.5 MPa反应条件下,催化裂化汽油异构烷烃收率、芳烃收率、脱硫率及液相收率分别达41.9%、31.7%、51.0%和98.3% 。     

Selective heterogeneous hydrocarbon oxidation over oxide catalysts

The heterogeneously-catalysed oxidation of hydrocarbons over oxide catalysts is reviewed. The first section of the paper deals in a general way with the structural features of hydrocarbons and relates these to the selective oxidation products which may be obtained from them. The interaction of oxygen and hydrocarbons with oxides is also considered in a general context and the kinetics of heterogeneous oxidation of hydrocarbons are discussed. The second section of the paper deals in more detail with the selective oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons with particular reference to vanadium oxide containing catalysts. Finally, an account is given of the selective oxidation of monoalkenes to 1,3 conjugated systems and ketones over mixed oxide catalysts. The information available is considered throughout with a view to revealing those features of such systems which give rise to the selectivity.     

分子筛催化剂上催化裂化汽油掺混甲醇的改质研究

以实现甲醇制取低碳烯烃转化工艺和FCC汽油降烯烃工艺的有效组合为目的,在固定床微型反应装置上,使用SAPO-34、ZSM-5、DOCO以及分子筛组合催化剂,对FCC汽油掺混甲醇改质进行了研究。主要对反应温度、空速和混炼比等影响因素进行了考察。结果表明,SAPO-34分子筛上甲醇制取低碳烯烃效果较好,高烯烃含量汽油在SAPO-34分子筛上的氢转移和芳构化效果显著,ZSM-5分子筛上的芳构化反应效果和DOCO的异构化反应效果较显著,甲醇转化与汽油转化反应间的相互协同作用,既有利于甲醇转化成低碳烯烃又能提高汽油降烯烃转化深度。适宜的混炼条件:反应温度400℃,m(甲醇):m(汽油)=0.05,空速3h~(-1),组合催化剂上,产物汽油中烯烃含量较FCC粗汽油下降23%以上。     

超顺磁核-壳结构催化剂在裂化汽油烷基化脱硫中的应用

通过可控液相沉积制备具有超顺磁性能的介孔核-壳结构Fe₃O₄@nSiO₂@mSiO₂-Al₂O₃和H₃P₁₂W40/Fe₃O₄@nSiO₂@mSiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂。以噻吩和异戊烯组成的模拟汽油烷基化反应作为探针反应,考察催化脱硫性能,并采用FT-IR、N2等温吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD、VSM和SEM等方法对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,Fe₃O₄@nSiO₂@mSiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂是具有超顺磁性和介孔结构特征的固体酸催化剂,其饱和磁化强度为46.3 emu·g^-1,低矫顽力为零,比表面积为342.6 m²·g^-1。模拟汽油在Fe₃O₄@nSiO₂@mSiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂上170 ℃反应2 h,噻吩转化率为72.2%,负载质量分数40%的磷钨酸后,噻吩转化率达96.9%,催化活性、选择性和催化剂寿命均提高。     

新型MCM-22/MCM-41复合分子筛上FCC汽油降烯烃芳构化反应

采用纳米组装法合成MCM-22/MCM-41微孔/介孔复合分子筛,分别以H-MCM-22和H-MCM-22/MCM-41为催化剂,在固定床微反装置上对FCC汽油进行降烯烃芳构化的对比考察。结果表明,在反应时间2 h内,与MCM-22相比, MCM-22/MCM-41具有高的芳构化性能和持久的初始活性,复合分子筛汽油改质的产物中,芳烃体积分数由28.58%上升至51.1%,烯烃体积分数由34.04％降至5.8％。探讨了新型H-MCM-22/MCM-41复合分子筛用于FCC汽油改质的操作条件以及催化剂失活再生性能。结果表明,最佳反应条件为：反应温度400 ℃,压力2 MPa,空速3 h^-1。失活催化剂经过两次再生,降烯烃芳构化性能基本不变。     

FCC催化剂失活与再生

论述了近年来国内外对FCC催化剂失活,特别是中毒和积炭失活的研究现状。重点论述了FCC平衡剂再生利用的发展,并对其前景进行了展望。     

Effect of hydrocarbon species on no oxidation over diesel oxidation catalysts

The effect of propylene concentration on NO oxidation as a function of temperature and position over a model Pt-Pd/Al₂O₃ diesel oxidation catalyst was investigated. Propylene had an apparent inhibition effect on NO oxidation. This apparent inhibition is a result of NO₂, as the NO oxidation product, acting as an oxidant in the reaction with propylene. This was verified with experiments that included NO₂, and a resulting significant temperature decrease in the onset of NO₂ reduction when propylene was present. Furthermore, increasing amounts of propylene further decreased the NO₂ reduction temperature. Similar results were observed with m-xylene and dodecane addition as well. The results also demonstrate that NO₂ was consumed preferentially relative to O₂ during hydrocarbon oxidation. With low inlet levels of O₂, the addition of NO₂ apparently inhibited propylene oxidation after the onset of NO₂ reduction. This subsequent inhibition was due to the NO formed, demonstrating that propylene results in reduced NO₂ outlet levels while NO inhibits propylene oxidation.     

Adsorption and catalytic reduction of NO with methanol over carbon and carbon-supported catalysts

The effect of various metal additives on the catalytic performance of carbon during the selective reduction of NO with methanol has been studied in the absence and in the presence of gas-phase oxygen. The mechanism of this reaction in the use of carbon-supported catalysts was studied by means of in situ FTIR combined with the measurements of catalytic activity. In the absence of oxygen, NO is adsorbed in a very small amount on the surface of carbon. The reaction of NO with the products of the methanol decomposition, results in the formation of adsorbed isocyanate (NCO) species at 2229 cm⁻¹. Formation of gaseous NH₃ as a product of the reaction between NO and methanol was observed. Oxygen-containing surface functional groups of carbon effectively promotes the reduction of NO with methanol. IR spectroscopic results of this study show that in the presence of O₂ nitric oxide is catalytically oxidized to nitrogen dioxide, which is chemisorbed on the surface of carbon. The surface nitrogen species were identified by FTIR spectroscopy.     

我国FCC催化剂的发展近况

阐述了国内近几年FCC催化剂在重油催化裂化、汽油降烯烃、脱硫及多产低碳烯烃方面的进展.提高抗重金属污染能力、用中孔沸石代替 ZSM-5小孔沸石及大幅度提高催化剂基质的活性仍是今后研发 FCC催化剂的热点.