微量钪对Al-3%Cu合金组织与性能的影响

采用硬度、拉伸性能测试、金相组织观察、扫描电镜与能谱分析以及X-射线衍射等方法，研究了微量稀土元素Sc对Al-3％Cu合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明，稀土元素Sc能够强烈地细化Al-Cu合金的晶粒，改善枝晶网胞。微量Sc元素添加到Al-3％Cu合金中，合金的抗拉强度σb和屈服强度σ0．2均有所提高(△σ约为30MPa)，对合金的伸长率几乎没有影响；微量Sc元素添加到Al-3％Cu合金中，除部分固溶于Al基体中外，大部分与Al形成对合金起强化作用的Al3Sc共格相，对合金起强化作用，没有发现其他相，包括W(AlCuSc)相生成。     

微量Sc元素对Al-Cu合金组织与性能的影响

采用拉伸力学性能测试、扫描电镜与能谱分析等方法，研究了不同量稀土元素Sc对Al-4Cu合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明：稀土元素Sc能够细化Al-4Cu合金的晶粒组织，改善枝晶网胞；当Sc含量小于0．2％时，Al-4Cu合金的抗拉强度δb和屈服强度δ0.2提高约20MPa；当Sc含量为0．3％～0．4％时，抗拉强度δb和屈服强度δ0.2有所降低；当Sc含量为0．5％时，抗拉强度δb和屈服强度δ0.2又有所升高，但低于未添加Sc的Al-4Cu合金；Sc对合金的伸长率几乎没有影响。微量Sc元素添加到Al-4Cu合金中，当Sc含量小于0．2％时，基本上以固溶的形式溶入合金基体中；当Sc含量为0．3％。0．5％时，除部分固溶于Al基体中外，大部分形成起强化作用的Al3Sc相及交互作用AlCuSc相，AlCuSc相是Al-Cu-Sc系合金中的有害相，它使合金的力学性能在一定程度上有所降低。     

Cu含量对含Sc铝锂合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过显微硬度测试、常规拉伸性能测试、扫描电镜和透射电镜等观察手段研究Cu含量对含Sc铝锂合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在Sc元素含量基本不变的情况下,Cu含量为4.2%(质量分数)的合金在均匀化过程中会形成W(Al Cu Sc)相,且该相在固溶时也不会完全溶解到α(Al)。在相同Sc含量条件下,随着α(Al)中Cu含量的下降,w(Cu)/w(Sc)变小,均匀化后形成的W相数量会明显降低,直至消失。由于W相对合金力学性能不利,其数量的减少可以增加合金中有效固溶Cu原子的数量,从而提高合金性能,W相的形成抑制合金中Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子的析出形成。     

微量Sc添加对2070铝锂合金显微组织演变和力学性能的影响（英文）

通过力学测试、SEM、EPMA和TEM对基于Al-3.35Cu-1.2Li-0.4Mg-0.4Zn-0.3Mn-0.1Zr(质量分数,%)的含Sc和不含Sc两种合金的显微组织和力学性能进行研究。研究发现,0.082%(质量分数)Sc元素的添加可形成富含Cu和含Sc的Al3(Sc Zr)粒子和W相颗粒。Al_3(ScZr)粒子可以抑制固溶过程中的再结晶和再结晶晶粒长大;而W相在固溶过程中不易溶解,可使Cu在固溶基体中含量减少,导致在T8时效过程中的含Cu的主强化相T_1(Al_2CuLi)和θ'(Al_2Cu)的分数下降。由于W相的形成,少量Sc的添加导致力学性能下降。     

Sc对Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ti合金铸态组织和力学性能的影响

借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、布氏硬度计和万能试验机,试验研究了Sc对Al-3.0Si-0.45Mg-0.45Cu-0.15Ti合金铸态组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在试验合金中添加稀土元素Sc,使合金在凝固过程中析出Al3(Sc,Ti)初生相,初生相与α(Al)基体共格,符合点阵匹配原理,成为有效的非均质晶核,可显著细化合金的铸态组织。随着Sc含量(w(Sc)0~0.56%)的增加,合金的铸态组织由粗大的树枝晶变为细小的等轴晶,合金的硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率也随着Sc含量的增加而升高。时效过程中析出的Al3(Sc,Ti)沉淀相密度高,细小弥散,具有钉扎位错,稳定亚结构,阻碍亚晶长大及晶界迁移的作用。     

复合添加Sc、Zr、Ti对Al-Mg合金组织与性能的影响

采用布氏硬度计、金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了微量Sc、Zr、Ti以及Mg含量对Al-Mg合金的显微组织与布氏硬度的影响。结果表明,单独添加Sc、Zr元素的合金与未添加的Al-Mg合金的铸态组织相比,合金的晶粒组织得到了一定的细化,复合添加Sc、Zr、Ti3种元素的合金铸态组织的晶粒细化程度更为明显。同时在Sc、Zr、Ti相同含量下,Mg元素的增加也能进一步细化合金的晶粒组织,这是由于Mg元素固溶强化的结果,使得合金的布氏硬度提高。对Al-10Mg-Sc-Zr-Ti合金进行均匀化退火处理后,合金的硬度较铸态组织提高了10%,这是Al3(Sc1-xZrx)、Al3(Sc1-xTix)及Al3(Sc1-x-yZrxTiy)大量沉淀相二次析出,弥散度增大、分布更加均匀的结果。     

稀土元素Nd对近共晶Al-12Si合金显微组织与力学性能的影响(英文)

研究稀土元素Nd(0~0.4%,质量分数)对近共晶Al-12Si合金显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:在0.3%Nd改性的Al-12Si合金中形成一种亚微米或纳米尺寸的Al2Nd相。在Al-12Si合金中添加稀土元素Nd能显著细化合金中的α(Al)相,粗生硅相转变为细小颗粒状,共晶硅由粗大针状变成细小纤维状。在改性效果最佳的Al-12-0.3Nd合金的Si相表面观察到少量的生长孪晶。力学性能测试结果表明:添加Nd元素后,Al-12Si合金的力学性能得到改善,当合金中Nd元素含量达到0.3%时,合金的力学性能达到最优,抗拉强度(UTS)为252 MPa,伸长率(EL)为13%。合金力学性能的改善主要归因于合金中Si相形貌的改善和细小Al2Nd相颗粒的形成。     

元素Cu、Mn及热处理对Al-20Si合金组织及力学性能的影响

在Al-20Si合金中添加含Cu、Mn元素的中间合金,熔炼得到Al-20Si-0.2Cu-0.3Mn、Al-20Si-0.6Cu-0.5Mn、Al-20Si-1Cu-0.7Mn和Al-20Si-1.4Cu-0.9Mn的Al-Si合金。采用金相显微镜、拉伸试验机、布氏硬度计等对铸态及固溶处理+人工时效(T6)热处理态的不同Cu、Mn含量的Al-20Si合金的微观组织及力学性能进行研究。结果表明:Cu、Mn元素可以细化Al-20Si合金中的初生硅和共晶硅,使其组织均匀化,并提高Al-20Si合金的抗拉强度和布氏硬度。Cu、Mn元素的合理添加量分别为1wt%和0.7wt%,此时铸态Al-20Si合金的抗拉强度达到最大值(238 MPa),T6热处理态Al-20Si合金的硬度达到最大值(212 HB)。T6热处理可以改善Al-20Si合金中的Si相,细化初晶硅和共晶硅,消除枝晶,并形成固溶强化。     

Y对Mg-3Al-1Zn镁合金铸态组织的影响

研究Y对Mg-3Al-1Zn镁合金铸态组织的影响。结果表明,在Mg-3Al-1Zn合金中加入w(Y)=0.3%和w(Y)=0.6%对合金组织中合金相种类没有影响,但当w(Y)=0.9%时有Al3Y相存在。同时,加入微量Y使合金组织中Mg17Al12相基本上转变为断续状和颗粒状分布,且其分布具有一定方向性,同时其数量也逐渐减少。此外,研究结果还发现微量Y对Mg-3Al-1Zn合金的组织有一定的细化作用。     

铸态Mg-11Al-1.2Zn-(-0.3Sc)合金的显微组织与力学性能

通过熔炼铸造方法,制备了Sc含量为0.3%的Mg-11Al-2Zn合金,采用X射线衍射、金相观察,扫描电镜及力学性能测试,研究了Sc的添加对铸态合金显微组织与力学性能的影响.结果显示,基体合金中添加Sc后,铸态合金的晶粒明显得到细化,Mg17Al12相的形态与分布得到有效改善,显微组织主要由α-Mg基体相、Mg17Al12相及MgAlSc相组成.力学性能显示,Sc的添加使铸态合金的室温抗拉强度提高了23.7%.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.