遥感、遥测、遥控

『1’尸72,TP79 2004051541荃于双谱模型的被动微波遥感土壤湿度反演/袁苇,李宗谦,刘宁,王薪(清华大学)11电波科学学报一2 004,19(l)一1一6利用随机粗糙表面的双谱散射模型计算了粗糙裸土壤表面的发射率,并建立了基于双谱模型的被动微波遥感的土壤湿度的人工神经网络反演方法.结果表明,基于双谱散射模型计算粗糙裸土壤表面发射率是可行的,利用人工神经网络反演方法,仅采用两个发射率的数据组合便可以反演出精度较高的土壤湿度值,且反演方法具有一定的抗噪性能图4表3参8(金)遥感图像统计特性与压缩算法性能关系分析/汪国有,王晨(华中科技大…     

随机粗糙地面与下方目标复合电磁散射研究

利用MOM 研究了不同土壤类型的有耗介质粗糙地面与其下方埋藏金属目标的复合电磁散射问题,在数值计算中,引入了锥形入射波以减少粗糙面模拟中由于人为截断所引起的计算误差。当给定入射波频率、土壤成分及土壤温度和土壤湿度后,可以根据相关模型计算出土壤的相对介电常数。数值结果以二维无限长导体圆柱为例,利用 Monte-Carlo 方法统计计算了双站复合散射截面随土壤湿度、均方根高度的变化情况,并做了详细分析及讨论。     

基于偏振信息反演土壤湿度的方法

为了实现基于偏振信息反演土壤湿度的目的,建立了土壤表面的偏振反射模型,并在可见光波段内开展了土壤湿度与反射光偏振信息的实验研究。首先,根据几何光学理论和测量数据建立了土壤表面的偏振反射模型。其次,制备了不同湿度的土壤样品,搭建了实验平台,并在多种入射观测条件下,使用高精度偏振成像探测系统获取了样品的偏振信息。然后,对实验数据进行分析来验证模型。最后,建立了模型中微面元坡度均方差、漫反射等效系数和折射率三个参数与土壤湿度的定量关系,利用定量关系来反演土壤湿度,并在476 nm波段上,对湿度为26.0%的土壤样品进行室内偏振探测实验。结果表明:根据文中反演方法得出土壤湿度为24.73%,误差为4.88%,证实了文中所提出的土壤湿度反演方法的正确性和可行性。     

双频多极化SAR测量深层土壤湿度

该文提出了利用由矢量网络分析仪构造的VHF/UHF双频、多极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)测量深层土壤湿度的方法;给出植被后向散射机理、深层土壤后向散射机理,土壤介电常数模型;对裸露土壤深层后向散射、土壤介电特性给出仿真结果。通过已知的单层土壤(双层介质粗糙面模型)的后向散射验证了模型的正确性。     

微扰法结合最小二乘支持向量机反演土壤湿度

将最小二乘支持向量回归技术应用到土壤湿度反演研究.利用微扰法数值模拟不同雷达参数下裸露土壤微波后向散射特性.经过数据敏感性分析,选取雷达频率为L波段(1.4 GHz),双入射角(40°、50°),并设计多种反演方案,分别以单极化、双极化及同极化后向散射系数比值作为微波信号样本信息,经过适当的训练,利用最小二乘支持向量回归技术对土壤含水量进行了反演研究.结果表明:当采用多入射角、同极化后向散射系数比值作为微波信号样本信息时,反演结果具有较高的精度.同时,经过与人工神经网络结果比较,证明了该方法的有效性及抗噪声能力,为土壤湿度的实时反演研究提供了一种新方法.     

土壤中红外发射率提取算法研究

基于四步观测法,提出了一种土壤中红外发射率提取方法.该方法利用热红外的ISSTES算法获得土壤热红外的发射率光谱和高精度的土壤温度估值,并将得到的温度估值用于中红外的发射率提取,减少中红外待反演参数.形成多余观测,使用最小二乘方法求解土壤中红外的发射率.重点分析了仪器定标误差和辐射传输方程简化对中红外发射率提取的影响.最后,基于模拟数据给出了中红外部分波段发射率反演误差较大的原因.     

大粗糙度表面激光散射特性实验研究

本文利用激光散射自动测量系统,对经喷丸处理后的钢基粗糙表面及其喷漆表面的后向激光雷达散射截面(LRCS)进行了测量。测量波长分别为λ=633nm和λ=904nm.在λ=904nm,利用粗糙面电磁散射理论的基尔霍夫方法对上述样片进行了理论计算,其中将粗糙表面视为双尺度模型,根据驻留相位法和标量近似法理论计算双尺度模型随机粗糙表面的散射强度角分布,其理论值与实验测量结果有较好的吻合。     

遥感、遥测、遥控

TP75I 96041325利用主被动遥感数据估算土坡湿度和粗糙度的新方法/黄兴忠,金亚秋(复旦大学电子工程系)//电波科学学报一19%,11(一)一27一32 土壤的散射和热辐射特性与土壤表面的粗糙度及含水量密切相关.文中利用基尔霍夫近似条件下的随机粗糙面的散射理论和互易性原理,定量地给出了热发射率与后向散射的对应关系,并得到了它们对于不同湿度和粗糙度形成的网格图.山土壤的热发射率和后向散射系数确定其在网格图上的经纬坐标,它给出了该土壤的湿度和表而粗糙度.利用文中给出的结果,可方便地山主被动遥感的实验数据推断地表面湿度和粗糙度.图4…     

粗糙表面电磁散射研究

研究随机粗糙表面的电磁散射问题.在用数值方法研究粗糙表面电磁散射过程中,经常遇到大型的数值计算问题,为此本文提出一种名为"前后向"(FBMethod)的迭代方法来求解大型矩阵.该种方法的主要思想是将粗糙表面每个离散单元的感应电流分为两个部分:前向贡献和后向贡献,先计算前向贡献,再迭代求解后向贡献,其特点是收敛速度快,迭代次数少.在本文中,用此算法对粗糙表面的散射进行了计算.散射计算结果与用直接反演的计算结果进行了比较,结果表明,两种方法符合很好,证明了本文所提方法的可行性.     

分形粗糙表面涂覆目标太赫兹散射特性

该文采用物理光学法方法研究了具有分形粗糙表面的涂覆目标太赫兹散射特性。基于分形粗糙面建立表面粗糙目标模型,根据菲涅尔反射系数得出表面电流分布进而得到涂覆粗糙目标的雷达散射截面。对比分析了具有粗糙表面和光滑目标的散射结果,详细讨论了不同频率、不同涂层厚度的表面粗糙钝锥目标模型的太赫兹散射特性,计算结果表明在太赫兹波段目标表面的粗糙度对散射有显著的影响。      

多源遥感数据与水文过程模型的土壤水分同化方法研究

提出一种基于集合卡尔曼滤波的一维数据同化系统,对不同深度土壤层的水分含量进行同化,该系统的模型算子为分布式水文模型,观测算子是积分方程模型和条件温度指数模型.于2008年6月1日至7月2日在黑河流域进行了同化实验,结果表明,集合卡尔曼滤波能较好地处理强非线性问题,与单独DHSVM模型模拟土壤水分含量相比,同化的表层和根层土壤水分含量精度有明显提高,其中盈科站表层的均方根误差和平均误差分别减小了0.021 7和0.032 9,根层的均方根误差和平均误差分别减小了0.019 3和0.025;临泽站的精度也有明显提高,表明多源遥感数据的同化在地表土壤水分含量的估计中具有较大的潜力.     

中波红外土壤含水量的光谱偏振特性

考虑到中波红外偏振遥感受大气干扰影响较弱,将其应用于土壤含水量监测具有独特的优势和重要意义。采用中波红外光谱偏振探测手段,对不同含水量的土壤表面进行了观测,结果表明,含水土壤表面自身热辐射的偏振特性很弱,其偏振特性主要是由太阳光反射所引起,并在太阳光较强的波段上,土壤表面的偏振度与土壤含水量存在单调递增关系,为土壤含水量的航空和卫星中波红外偏振遥感技术发展提供了科学依据。     

基于Sentinel-1的绿洲区域尺度土壤水分微波建模

根据最新Sentinel-1雷达系统参数及研究区地表参数特点,采用AIEM模型进行数值模拟分析,建立稀疏植被覆被下地表微波散射特征数据库,并在此基础上构建干旱区土壤水分模型.结果表明,1)不同入射角和极化方式下,后向散射系数对土壤含水量(Mv)、组合地表粗糙度(Zs)的响应分别呈明显对数相关,VV极化对土壤水分响应更敏感,最优响应区间范围为Mv 0~30%、Zs 0~0.06 cm.2)初探Sentinel-1雷达数据预处理方法,Gamma MAP滤波去噪最优,模型用于土壤水分空间分布信息提取与研究区同期野外实况具有良好的一致性,符合四月渭-库地区春旱期土壤水分时空分布特征.3)对于0-10 cm表层土壤水分,模拟值同实测值相关系数达到0.76,即该模型对于干旱区绿洲区域尺度表层土壤水分监测具有适用性.     

含水红壤的偏振特性分析

不同含水量的土壤会产生不同的偏振态,其与波长、土壤表面的结构、内部的构成、以及入射的角度密切相关。根据Kodis粗糙表面的散射理论,推导了不同湿度土壤表面的偏振度与入射天顶角和观测天顶角以及等效折射率的关系,并用野外地物偏振辐射计和地面多波段CCD相机实测了红壤的偏振反射数据,并将其与理论计算结果相对照,初步总结出不同含水量红壤的偏振特性变化规律。研究土壤偏振度与含水量以及入射天顶角、观测天顶角的关系,对于卫星农业遥感有重要的意义。     

Simple algorithm for soil moisture retrieval with co-polarized SAR data

In this paper, an empirical methodology to retrieve bare soil moisture by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is developed. The model is based on Advanced Integral Equation Model (AIEM). Since AIEM cannot express cross-polarized backscattering coefficients accurately, we propose an empirical model to retrieve soil moisture for bare farmland only with co-polarized SAR data. The soil moisture can be obtained by solving an equation of HH and VV polarized data without any field measurements. Both simulated and real SAR data are used to validate the accuracy of the model. This method is especially effective in a large area where the surface roughness is difficult to be completely measured.     

A simple parameterization of the L-band microwave emission fromrough agricultural soils

A simple model for simulating the L-band microwave emission from bare soils is developed. The model is calibrated on a large set of measurements obtained during a three-month period over seven plots covering a wide range of surface roughness (representing the total range which can be expected on agricultural fields), soil moisture, and temperature conditions. The approach is based on the parameterization of an effective roughness parameter as a function of surface characteristics: surface roughness (standard deviation of height and correlation length) and the surface soil moisture. The parameterizations that are developed are independent of incidence angle and polarization and are valid over a large range in surface roughness conditions, representative of most of typical agricultural bare fields, from very smooth (rolled field after sowing) to very rough surfaces (deeply plowed soil). This approach will enable the use of microwave radiometric observations for soil moisture retrieval over agricultural areas     

Passive microwave observation of diurnal surface soil moisture

Microwave radiometers operating at low frequencies are sensitive to surface soil moisture changes. Few studies have been conducted that have involved multifrequency observations at frequencies low enough to measure a significant soil depth and not be attenuated by the vegetation cover. Another unexplored aspect of microwave observations at low frequencies has been the impact of diurnal variations of the soil moisture and temperature on brightness temperature. In this investigation, observations were made using a dual frequency radiometer (1.4 and 2.65 GHz) over bare soil and corn for extended periods in 1994. Comparisons of emissivity and volumetric soil moisture at four depths for bare soils showed that there was a clear correspondence between the 1 cm soil moisture and the 2.65-GHz emissivity and between the 3-5 cm soil moisture and the 1.4-GHz emissivity, which confirms previous studies. Observations during drying and rainfall demonstrate that new and unique information for hydrologic and energy balance studies can be extracted from these data     

FM-CW制式陆基微波散射计与IEM模型联合反演地表土壤湿度研究

本文利用FM-CW制式的陆基微波散射计对裸土进行了后向散射系数的测量,利用IEM模型对土壤的湿度及表面粗糙度进行了反演,并将反演结果与实地测量结果进行了比较研究.研究表明,通过多角度微波后向散射测量可以较为准确的确定表层土壤的湿度,而用光学方法进行的地表粗糙度的实地测量结果与反演结果相差较大,反映了微波频段的电磁波对地表具有的穿透作用.文中还对测量中存在的误差进行了较为详细的分析.     

Soil Moisture Retrieval Using GNSS-R Techniques: Experimental Results Over a Bare Soil Field

This paper presents a new technique to retrieve soil moisture using global navigation satellite signals reflected over the soil surface using the measurement of the power fluctuations of the signal created by the interference between the direct GPS signal and the one reflected over the soil surface. As a function of the elevation angle, power fluctuations at vertical polarization pass through a notch, which is related to the soil moisture content, while horizontal polarization exhibits a very weak dependence. Experimental results of the measurements obtained over a bare soil field are presented and discussed.      

Multifrequency Measurements of the Effects of Soil Moisture, Soil Texture, And Surface Roughness

An experiment on remote sensing of soil moisture content was conducted over bare fields with microwave radiometers at the frequencies of 1.4, 5, and 10.7 GHz, during July-September of 1981. Three bare fields with different surface roughnesses and soil textures were prepared for the experiment. Ground-truth acquisition of soil temperatures and moisture contents for 5 layers down to the depths of 15 cm was made concurrently with radiometric measurements. The experimental results show that the effect of surface roughness is to increase the soil's brightness temperature and to reduce the slope of regression between brightness temperature and moisture content. The slopes of regression for soils with different textures are found to be comparable and the effect of soil texture is reflected in the difference of regression line intercepts at brightness-temperature axis. The result is consistent with laboratory measurement of soil's dielectric permittivity. Measurements on wet smooth bare fields give lower brightness temperatures at 5 than at 1.4 GHz. This phenomenon is not expected from current radiative transfer theory, using laboratory measurements of the relationship between dielectric permittivity and moisture content for different soil-water mixtures at frequencies of <5 GHz.